膨胀型阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用研究进展

概述了膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)的组成、作用机理及其在聚丙烯阻燃中的研究开发进展。根据存在的问题,指出了其今后的发展方向。     

膨胀型阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用

将膨胀型阻燃剂应用在聚丙烯(PP)中,评价了阻燃体系的阻燃、耐水、绝缘等性能。结果显示:当阻燃剂质量分数为20%时,国产新型磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR-A)阻燃PP的极限氧指数比国外高效膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃PP的极限氧指数低,但IFR-A阻燃PP的耐水性能较好;随着阻燃剂含量增加,PP的表面电阻率与体积电阻率都维持在1×1012数量级;当w(IFR-A)为20%时,采用添加阻燃母粒的方式与直接添加IFR-A阻燃PP的燃烧性能和力学性能变化不大。     

膨胀型阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用研究进展

综述了近年来聚丙烯（PP）阻燃用膨胀型阻燃剂的研究应用现状,简要概述了膨胀型阻燃剂的阻燃机理,分析了膨胀型阻燃存在的不足,指出了膨胀型阻燃剂发展方向。     

功能化聚丙烯在膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯中的偶联作用

考察了三种功能化聚丙烯－甲基丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（PP－g-MAA）、顺丁烯－二酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP－g-MAH)和刻蚀聚丙烯（EPP）作为膨胀型阻燃剂／聚丙烯体系的偶联剂对材料性能的影响，并对其偶联机理进行了探讨。     

无卤膨胀型阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用研究

通过对比实验研究了两种新型氮磷体系膨胀型阻燃剂(PN-201、ANTI-6)对聚丙烯(PP)阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在PP中添加PN-201型阻燃剂23%有明显的成炭作用,可以获得良好的阻燃效果,又使PP具有优越的综合性能,阻燃PP材料的热稳定性也得到了提高。     

无卤膨胀型阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用研究

将自制的结晶Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵和成炭剂、发泡剂和其它助剂复配,得到了无卤膨胀型阻燃剂,应用于注塑级聚丙烯中。通过对无卤阻燃聚丙烯阻燃性能、力学性能、电性能等的研究,表明随着阻燃剂用量的增加,阻燃PP的力学性能和电性能均有一定程度的下降。     

膨胀型阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用研究

使用磷酸、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺合成了一种膨胀型阻燃剂。采用热重分析（TGA）、红外光谱分析（FTIR）、氧指数晨6定和垂直燃烧实验，研究了所合成的膨胀型阻燃剂对聚丙烯的阻燃作用。与普通的膨胀型阻燃剂和包覆型膨胀阻燃剂的对比研究表明，该阻燃剂对聚．丙烯的阻燃性能优良，达到相同的阻燃效果（聚丙烯氧指数达到34％）时，用量较其它两种膨胀型阻燃剂明显减少。抗析出和防湖性能较其它两种膨胀型阻燃剂也有明显改善。     

阻燃剂在膨胀型防火涂料中的应用

根据阻燃剂的分类,阐述了各类阻燃剂的阻燃机理。评述了国内外几种阻燃性好的阻燃剂的应用。提出了膨胀型防火涂料中阻燃体系及阻燃剂的选用原则。     

膨胀型阻燃剂在阻燃聚丙烯中的应用

简述了阻燃聚丙烯的发展概况,重点阐述了膨胀型阻燃剂的阻燃机理及其在阻燃聚丙烯中的应用现状,叙述了一些典型的膨胀阻燃体系及特点,并概述了膨胀型阻燃剂的发展方向。     

聚丙烯膨胀型阻燃剂研究进展

膨胀型阻燃剂是一类环保型阻燃剂,目前用于聚丙烯的膨胀型阻燃剂在国内外己开展了大量的研究工作。综述了近年来国内外聚丙烯的膨胀型阻燃剂的研究进展以及相关的硅烷协效剂、金属协效剂和其它一些协效剂在阻燃体系中的应用,并对研发具有优良阻燃性能和力学性能的聚丙烯膨胀型阻燃剂的一些研究思路进行了归纳和介绍。     

膨胀型阻燃剂在橡胶中的应用

介绍了膨胀型阻燃剂的组成及功能改进,总结了膨胀型阻燃剂在天然橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、丁苯橡胶及氯丁橡胶中的应用进展,并对膨胀型阻燃剂的发展方向做了展望。     

Studies on compatibilization of intumescent flame‐retardant/PP composites based on etched PP

The phosphoric acid–pentaerythritol–melamine copolymer was selected as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR). The influence of dicromate acid–etching polypropylene (EPP) on the properties and compatibility of IFR/PP composites was studied. The results obtained from mechanical tests and SEM showed that EPP was a true coupling agent for IFR/PP blends, but without changing the necessary flame retardancy. The cocrystallization between bulk PP and PP segments of EPP was proved by WAXD analysis. Flow tests showed that the flow behavior of composites in the melt is that of a pseudoplastic liquid, which is almost insignificant for EPP affecting the rheological behavior of an IFR/PP composite. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 522–527, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10261     

茶皂素基膨胀型阻燃剂的制备及其在涂料中的应用

采用多羟基、多羧基的活性天然产物茶皂素为原料,与聚磷酸铵和季戊四醇在一定条件下反应,制备一种聚磷酸酯类茶皂素基三位一体新型环保膨胀型阻燃剂。采用傅里叶红外分析技术对阻燃剂进行了结构表征,采用综合热分析仪对阻燃剂的热降解性能进行了研究。结果表明,茶皂素与聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇发生反应,生成聚磷酸酯类茶皂素基膨胀型阻燃剂,且该阻燃剂具有良好的热稳定性,降解热释放较小,高温残留率高,最终的质量残留率高达30.77%。将制备阻燃剂用于阻燃涂料中,并采用氧指数测试仪和锥形量热仪研究了阻燃涂料的阻燃性能和热解性能。研究表明,茶皂素基三位一体膨胀型阻燃剂能显著提高涂料的阻燃性能,阻燃涂料的氧指数值高达34.2%,耐火时间为11.1 min,且锥形量热实验中,该阻燃涂料试样的平均热释放速率（m-HRR）为36.18 kW/m2,总热释放量（THR）为5.25 kJ/m2,平均有效燃烧热（m-EHC）为5.11 kJ/kg,与含复合型阻燃剂的阻燃涂料试样相比,阻燃性能得到极大提高。该制备阻燃剂不含卤素,集三源一体,具有阻燃性能优越,相容性能良好,高效环保等优点。     

Studies on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites based on biodegradable wheat straw

Wheat straw (WS) has numerous advantages compared with traditional bioadditives such as starch and lignin. So in this work, based on WS and silica microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate, flame retardant polypropylene/wheat straw (WSP) composites were prepared by melted blend method. Flame retardant and thermal properties of WSP composites have been investigated. The results of cone calorimeter show that peaks of heat release rate and total heat release of the flame retardant WSP composite decrease substantially compared with those of pure polypropylene. The peak of heat release rate value of the flame retardant WSP composite decreases from 1290.5 to 247.9 kW/m², and the total heat release value decreases from 119.4 to 46.3 MJ/m². Meanwhile, thermal degradation and gas products of the flame retardant WSP composite were monitored by thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis‐infrared spectrometry. The result of thermal analysis shows that the flame retardant WSP composite has a high thermal stability and has a 30.0 wt% residual char at 600°C. From this work, we hope to provide a method to prepare flame retardant polymer composites with a biodegradable natural material‐WS.     

High-efficiency ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.     

Studies of polypropylene–intumescent flame‐retardant composites based on etched polypropylene as a coupling agent

The ammonium polyphosphate (APP)–pentaerythritol (PT)–melamine (M) system was selected as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR). The influence of dichromic acid–etched polypropylene (EPP) on the properties and compatibility of IFR/polypropylene (PP) composites was studied. The results obtained from mechanical tests and SEM showed that EPP was a true coupling agent for IFR/PP blends, but without changing the necessary flame retardancy. The cocrystallization between bulk PP and PP segments of EPP was confirmed by WAXD analysis. Flow tests showed that the flow behavior of composites in the melt is that of a pseudoplastic liquid, which is significant for EPP's effect on the rheological behavior of IFR/PP composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1388–1391, 2004     

膨胀阻燃协效剂研究进展

综述了近年膨胀阻燃剂阻燃协效系统研究进展,协效剂主要有晶体硅铝酸盐类阻燃协效剂、金属盐与金属化合物、尼龙6等成炭剂和无机纳米粒子,根据存在的问题提出和展望了今后发展方向。     

膨胀阻燃三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯热塑性硫化胶的性能

分析了膨胀型阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PER)的加入方式对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚丙烯(PP)体系硫化特性的影响,研究了加入不同膨胀型阻燃剂及协效剂硼酸锌(ZB)、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对动态硫化EPDM/PP热塑性硫化胶(EPDM/PPTPV)性能的影响。结果表明,在动态硫化前加入APP或PER时,EPDM/PP体系不能进行硫化;当APP的加入量为30份时,EPDM/PPTPV的综合力学性能较佳;在EPDM/PPTPV中同时加入APP、PER、三聚氰胺(MEL)时,随着三者加入量的增加,体系的阻燃性能增强,但拉伸强度明显降低,三者的最佳用量为30份APP、10份PER、10份MEL,此时体系的黏度与纯EPDM/PPTPV相当;加入ZB或OMMT时,EPDM/PPTPV的拉伸强度降低,且加入OMMT体系的阻燃效果优于加入ZB体系;加入OMMT时,在低剪切速率下,体系的黏度减小;在高剪切速率下,体系的黏度增大;加入ZB时,在低剪切速率下,体系的黏度与未加ZB体系相当;在高剪切速率下,体系的黏度增大。