UF/MPOP与PEA/MPOP对木材燃烧性能的影响

分别以脲醛树脂(UF)和纯丙乳液(PEA)树脂为基料,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPOP)、三聚氰胺(MEL)、季戊四醇(PER)为膨胀阻燃体系,制备了膨胀型阻燃涂料。通过热重分析仪对制备的MPOP热稳定性及阻燃机理进行了表征,利用锥形量热仪、极限氧指数测试仪对涂料阻燃性能进行分析。结果表明,与PEA/MPOP相比,UF/MPOP对木材具有更好的阻燃性能,热稳定性和抑烟性能,极限氧指数提高了9.4 %,热释放速率、总热释放量、烟气释放速率降低,在木材表面形成的炭层更加完整。     

Molecular design and properties of intrinsic flame-retardant P-N synergistic epoxy resin

In recent years, the poor weather resistance and aging resistance of additive flame retardants have caused researchers to pay attention to reactive flame retardants. A novel P-N coacting epoxy curing agent with intrinsic flame retardancy was designed and synthesized. The mechanical properties, crosslinking curing properties and flame-retardant properties of intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin were characterized. The results show that the cross-linking curing performance of hexa (3,5-diamino-1,2,4 triazolyl)-cyclotriphosphonitrile) (VCP) is lower than that of DDM. This is due to the decrease in cross-linking density caused by the VCP ring molecular structure. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin cured with VCP decreased, but the flame-retardant properties of the material significantly improved. The limiting oxygen index of the VCP/EP flame retardant epoxy thermosets was 27.3%, reaching the UL 94 V-1 level. The peak heat release rate and total heat release rate of the VCP/EP flame retardant epoxy thermosets were significantly reduced. The flame retardancy mechanism was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the intrinsic flame-retardant P-N coacting epoxy resin has excellent curing and flame-retardant properties.     

生物质阻燃涂层在涤纶纺织品上的研究进展

涤纶纺织品易燃并伴有熔滴现象,易产生二次危害,这极大地限制了其广泛应用.因此,开发阻燃涤纶纺织品意义重大.生物质阻燃剂以其绿色环保、可持续发展等优势成为近年来阻燃剂领域的新秀,具有很好的发展前景.对国内外生物质阻燃剂在涤纶纺织品中的阻燃研究现状进行了综述,主要介绍了植酸、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、蛋白质和其他生物质大分子在涤纶...     

GMA改性磷酸腺苷的制备及其对棉织物的阻燃整理

为了提高磷酸腺苷单体在棉织物上的接枝改性程度及其阻燃效果,采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）对一磷酸腺苷（AMP）、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）进行改性,制得三种带有不饱和双键的阻燃单体AMP-m-GMA、ADP-m-GMA、ATP-m-GMA;然后通过紫外光接枝法将三种阻燃单体分别接枝到棉织物上,制备光接枝AMP-m-GMA、ADP-m-GMA和ATP-m-GMA阻燃棉织物;对三种阻燃单体进行了结构表征和热稳定性分析,并探究了三种阻燃单体光接枝阻燃棉织物的热稳定性、阻燃性能、燃烧行为和残炭结构。结果表明,三种磷酸腺苷通过GMA环氧基开环引入不饱和双键,且具有良好的热稳定性。相比于原棉织物,三种阻燃棉织物的最大热降解速率分别降低了60.0%、52.0%、60.0%,极限氧指数由16.1%分别提升到25.4%、27.4%、26.4%,织物热释放速率分别下降了15.09%、60.47%、37.82%,说明三种磷酸腺苷阻燃单体均有助于棉织物形成致密炭层,阻止热量扩散,获得良好的阻燃效果。其中,光接枝ADP-m-GMA阻燃棉织物的增重率可达22.4%,燃烧后损毁长度由30 cm缩短至14.2 cm,表现出更优异的阻燃性能。     

茶皂素基膨胀型阻燃剂的制备及其在涂料中的应用

采用多羟基、多羧基的活性天然产物茶皂素为原料,与聚磷酸铵和季戊四醇在一定条件下反应,制备一种聚磷酸酯类茶皂素基三位一体新型环保膨胀型阻燃剂。采用傅里叶红外分析技术对阻燃剂进行了结构表征,采用综合热分析仪对阻燃剂的热降解性能进行了研究。结果表明,茶皂素与聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇发生反应,生成聚磷酸酯类茶皂素基膨胀型阻燃剂,且该阻燃剂具有良好的热稳定性,降解热释放较小,高温残留率高,最终的质量残留率高达30.77%。将制备阻燃剂用于阻燃涂料中,并采用氧指数测试仪和锥形量热仪研究了阻燃涂料的阻燃性能和热解性能。研究表明,茶皂素基三位一体膨胀型阻燃剂能显著提高涂料的阻燃性能,阻燃涂料的氧指数值高达34.2%,耐火时间为11.1 min,且锥形量热实验中,该阻燃涂料试样的平均热释放速率（m-HRR）为36.18 kW/m2,总热释放量（THR）为5.25 kJ/m2,平均有效燃烧热（m-EHC）为5.11 kJ/kg,与含复合型阻燃剂的阻燃涂料试样相比,阻燃性能得到极大提高。该制备阻燃剂不含卤素,集三源一体,具有阻燃性能优越,相容性能良好,高效环保等优点。     

典型添加型磷酸酯/可膨胀石墨阻燃聚氨酯泡沫行为研究

对比了3种典型的添加型磷酸酯,亚磷酸二甲酯（DP）、甲基膦酸(5乙基2甲基2氧代1,3,2二氧磷杂环己5基)甲基甲基酯（EMD）和甲基膦酸二甲酯（DMMP）分别与可膨胀石墨（EG）复合阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF）,研究了3种不同结构的磷酸酯对材料阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,在3种磷酸酯添加相同质量的情况下,添加DMMP和DP样品的极限氧指数明显高于添加EMD的,且添加DMMP样品的热释放速率峰值和热释放总量最低,在3种磷酸酯中具有最好的阻燃行为表现;DP由于在燃烧过程中发生氧化反应而加剧了体系放热从而降低了阻燃效果;EMD通过分解首先释放DMMP,但由于其磷含量偏低,因此阻燃效率低于DMMP;DMMP由于具有磷含量高、气相和凝聚相阻燃效率高等优点与EG配合产生了最佳的阻燃效果。     

无卤阻燃聚酯复合材料研究进展

综述了近5年来的无卤阻燃聚酯复合材料的研究进展。讨论了有机阻燃剂（如磷酸盐、磷酸酯等）、无机阻燃剂（如红磷、蒙脱土等）和有机无机配合阻燃体系（如氢氧化铝/聚磷酸铵/可膨胀石墨等）等几大类阻燃体系阻燃聚酯后复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性、相容性、抑烟性以及不同添加量下热释放速率的变化,并对高效、环境友好的无卤阻燃聚酯复合材料的前景进行了展望。     

Flame-retardant behavior and protective layer effect of phosphazene-triazine bi-group flame retardant on polycarbonate

A series of flame-retardant polycarbonate (PC) composites with different ratios of phosphazene-triazine bi-group flame retardant (A3) were prepared. The flame retardant performance and thermal stability of PC/A3 composites were characterized by LOI, UL 94 vertical burning test, cone calorimetry test and TG. Results show that when the addition of A3 is 13.5%, the PC/A3 composite can pass UL94 V-0 level with a LOI value of 29.3% and reduce the peak heat release rate by 47.5% during the combustion. TG results show that adding 5% A3 can increase the initial decomposition temperature of the PC by 7°C in nitrogen and 9°C in air. Investigation of the morphology and chemical structure of char residue demonstrates that A3 promotes the formation of more complete and compact char residue which acts as physical barriers to inhibit the transfer of heat and oxygen, resulting the good flame retardant properties. The analysis of gaseous pyrolysis product reveals that A3 also exerts a flame-retardant effect in gas phase by releasing PO· free radicals.     

耐水阻燃透明型环氧树脂的制备及其应用研究

以二苯基次磷酰氯和哌嗪为原料,成功合成了疏水性阻燃剂哌嗪-1,4-二烷基双（二苯基氧化膦）（PPDO）,并将其添加到环氧树脂（EP）中,制备了阻燃EP复合材料。通过垂直燃烧、氧指数、热失重分析、锥形量热分析和力学性能测试对EP复合材料的阻燃性能、热分解行为、燃烧行为和力学性能进行了详细研究。结果表明,阻燃剂含量为17 %（质量分数,下同）时,EP/17 % PPDO复合材料通过了UL 94 V-0级测试,极限氧指数达28.9 %,耐水测试后,EP/PPDO复合材料仍保持着优异的阻燃效率;与此同时,PPDO与EP基体间出色的相容性,使复合材料具有良好的透明性和力学性能。此外,PPDO明显促进了EP基体提前降解成炭,使其在燃烧过程中,形成了致密且坚硬的膨胀炭层,有效降低了总热释放量,从而使EP/PPDO复合材料获得了良好的阻燃性能。     

Preparation and smoke suppression mechanism of flame-retardant PBS composites with BNNS@DOPA

Currently, the flame-retardant modification of polybutylene succinate (PBS) is mainly focused on improving flame-retardant efficiency, ignoring the negative impact of the smoke produced by combustion on the human respiratory tract. To address this problem, PBS composites were prepared by melt blending method in this study. The effect of boron nitride-grafted DOPO flame retardant (BNNS@DOPA) on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PBS composites was investigated. Incorporating 3% BNNS@DOPA into PBS composites results in a 90% improvement in thermal conductivity. This resulted in a reduction of the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate, and actual smoke rate to 453.7 kW m⁻², 86.3 MJ m⁻², and 1035.9 m², respectively, compared with pure PBS. The latter indicated a decrease of 34.0%, 37.6%, and 51.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the ignition time was extended by 45 s and the limiting oxygen index value increased by 12.5%. This functionalization approach presents a new way to study PBS flame retardancy improvement, consequently boosting its application in fire safety for polymer materials.     

新型阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯的制备及性能

加入自制有机成炭剂,利用溴锑阻燃剂与成炭剂的协效阻燃作用,并采用苯乙烯–丁二烯–苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SBS)进行增韧,制备了一种新型阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯树脂(PS-HI)。通过力学性能、数字化冲击仪、热分析、锥形量热的分析方法,研究新型阻燃PS-HI的综合性能及燃烧行为。结果表明,新型阻燃PS-HI的韧性提高了16%,密度降低了0.6%,流动性提高了6%,具有较低的热释放和烟释放,阻燃效率较高,综合性能优异,相对于目前传统的阻燃PS-HI材料,具有较大的技术创新性,产品性能方面具有明显的优势,满足了目前产品发展的新需求。     

阻燃型PETMF/WPU复合材料的制备与性能研究

用聚酯/碱溶性聚酯（PET/COPET）海岛纤维无纺布含浸含磷自阻燃的水性聚氨酯（WPU）浆料，通过干法凝固、碱减量和后整理等工艺制备阻燃型聚酯超细纤维/水性聚氨酯（PETMF/WPU）复合材料。分析并探讨不同固含量含磷自阻燃的WPU浆料对PETMF/WPU复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。采用锥形量热仪、极限氧指数和垂直燃烧对其阻燃性能进行表征；采用电子扫描显微镜对其微观结构进行表征；采用TGA对其热稳定性进行表征。结果表明：当固含量达到35wt%时，PETMF/WPU复合材料的LOI值达到31.7%，垂直燃烧达到V-0级，在燃烧过程中能够自熄且无熔滴产生，力学性能仍能满足行业标准，使用含磷自阻燃原料减少了燃烧过程中有害气体的释放。     

磷酸酯与纳米蒙脱土协同阻燃PC/ABS合金的研究

研究了多芳基磷酸酯PX220与纳米蒙脱土复配阻燃剂对聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)合金的阻燃性能、热失重行为、力学性能及热变形温度的影响;并采用锥形量热仪对合金材料的燃烧性能进行测定。结果表明:PX220添加量为10份,纳米蒙脱土添加量2份时,PC/ABS合金的极限氧指数达到29%,燃烧性能达到UL 94V-0级。锥形量热仪分析结果表明:复配阻燃PC/ABS合金的热释放速率峰值、平均热释放速率、总释放热、平均有效燃烧热和平均质量损失速率都大幅下降,说明PX220与纳米蒙脱土具有非常好的协同阻燃作用。     

阻燃涤纶织物的现状及发展

概述了国内外涤纶阻燃改性的研究情况,综述了涤纶阻燃处理方法,分析了卤系和磷系阻燃剂及其对涤纶的阻燃改性的优缺点,介绍了涤纶的燃烧机制、阻燃机制、阻燃方法以及阻燃性能的测试方法。涤纶阻燃改性中所用的阻燃剂主要是通过吸热、覆盖和稀释等机制发挥阻燃作用的。分析了涤纶阻燃整理存在的问题,讨论了阻燃涤纶的发展趋势。     

A high-efficiency DOPO-based reactive flame retardant with bi-hydroxyl for low-flammability epoxy resin

A high-efficiency DOPO-based reactive flame retardant (DPE) with bi-hydroxyl was successfully synthesized via reacting DOPO with imine obtained from the condensation of ethanolamine and 1,4-phthalaldehyde, and used as co-curing agent to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP). Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, ¹H, ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and elemental analysis. The curing behavior, thermal properties, flame-retardant properties of EP/DPE systems were investigated. The results revealed that DPE slightly decreased the glass transition temperature (T_g), but accelerated the curing cross-linking reaction of EP. Furthermore, DPE decreased thermal degradation rate of epoxy matrix and promoted the formation of residual char at high temperature. After adding DPE, the flame retardant of epoxy thermosets was greatly improved. Especially, the thermoset modified with 5 wt% DPE achieved limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.6% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test, demonstrating the highly efficient flame retardancy. While its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were respectively decreased by 32.6%, 17.8%, and 13.9% compared with neat EP. Moreover, the research on flame retardant mechanism disclosed that DPE played dual flame-retardant effect in the gaseous and condensed phases.     

A void surface flame retardant strategy for polymeric polyHIPEs

Effective flame retardant strategy for open-cell foam (e.g., polyHIPE) remains of a great challenge. Herein, a void surface flame retardant strategy for polyHIPE was presented. An open-cell polystyrene (PS) polyHIPE was fabricated through an emulsion-templating technique. Polyphosphazene (PSZ), a highly efficient flame retardant polymer, was then in situ fabricated and covalently attached to the void surface of the foam to be a uniform flame retardant protective layer, while the open-cell structure of the foam was perfectly preserved. Compared with the pristine PS polyHIPE, the PSZ modified one had significantly improved thermal stability (char residues yield at 800°C increased from 3.36 to 16.53 wt%) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus increased by 2.6 times); the values of average heat release rate and total heat release of combustion were reduced by 62.36% and 41.57%, respectively. While, the value of limiting oxygen index was increased from 17.39% to 19.75%, owing to the combined action of condensed phase flame retardant and gas phase flame retardant. These results indicate that the in situ surface modification strategy is effective for improving the flame retardancy of highly interconnected polymer foams.     

Preparation and performance evaluation of phosphorus-nitrogen synergism flame-retardant water-borne coatings for cotton and polyester fabrics

Three phosphorus-nitrogen content effective synergist flame-retardant water-borne coatings have been synthesized, and their structures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Cotton and polyester fabrics have been treated by coatings to improve their flame retardancy. The thermal performances and flame retardant properties of treated samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), horizontal flame test, vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The combustion performances of cotton and polyester fabrics have proven to be strongly affected by flame-retardant coatings and HFD-coating performed the best. As a result, the LOI value of treated cotton increased to 22.5, and the UL-94 value of treated polyester achieved V-0. In addition, the antistatic behavior, hydrostatic pressure, tearing strength and wrinkle recovery angle of samples were studied carefully, and the results showed that all of these performances were improved.     

基于磷杂菲衍生物多组分无卤阻燃天然橡胶的制备及性能

将磷杂菲/三嗪双基协同阻燃剂（TGD）、甲基膦酸二甲酯（DMMP）、可膨胀石墨（EG）及氢氧化铝（ATH）复配添加到天然橡胶（NR）中制备阻燃NR硫化胶,考察了TGD/DMMP/EG/ATH复配阻燃剂对NR硫化胶的阻燃性能、热稳定性及物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,TGD/DMMP/EG/ATH复配阻燃剂可有效提升NR硫化胶的阻燃性能和热稳定性,并降低燃烧过程中的热释放速率。当TGD/DMMP/EG/ATH复配阻燃剂的用量为60份（质量）时,NR硫化胶的极限氧指数可达28.4%,残炭质量分数可达25.61%,热释放速率可降低95%,总热释放量可降低21%。TGD/DMMP/EG/ATH复配阻燃剂对NR硫化胶的物理机械性能影响不大。     

溴系阻燃聚酯纤维的试制研究

本文采用添加型溴系阻燃剂,研完了它与聚酯的相容性、阻燃聚酯的制备及其成纤性能、制得阻燃纤维的物理性能和阻燃性。研究表明:①阻燃剂HAL_1与PET有一定的相容性,于缩聚结束后添加8％的阻燃剂HAL-1于PET中,制得的阻燃聚酯呈均相,具有良好的成纤性能;②该添加量对制得的阻燃聚酯纤维的物理性能没有明显的影响,其织物LOI达27。     

EG与IFR复合阻燃EVA的动态燃烧性能和协同效应

将可膨胀石墨(EG)与P-N膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)复合阻燃EVA树脂,通过氧指数(OI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL94)、锥形量热仪(CONE)研究了EG与IFR复合阻燃EVA的协同效应。结果表明:阻燃剂总添加量为30 phr,随着其中EG含量的增加,OI呈先增加后下降趋势,确定EG:IFR=1:1为最佳配比,OI达到36.6%,UL94为V-0级;EG与IFR复合阻燃EVA,热释放速率曲线呈现"前单峰型",为凝聚相阻燃机理;燃烧后形成的炭层结构较致密,表现出一定的协同作用。