胃癌印戒细胞超微结构酶细胞化学研究：五种细胞器标志酶的电镜观察

胃印戒细胞癌多见于30岁以下的女性,其侵袭力强,转移率高,这种生物学行为的发生机理日益受到关注。但从酶学特别是对多种细胞器标志酶进行超微结构水平的研究,文献中未见报告。本文应用酶细胞化学技术对胃癌印戒细胞五种细胞器标志酶(碱性磷酸酶AKPaee,酸性磷酸酶Acpace,葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶G6Pase,焦磷酸硫胺素酶TPPaee和细胞色素氧化酶Coaee)进行了细胞和超微结构水平的定位观察,并以正常胃粘膜作为对照,探讨了胃癌印戒细胞五种细胞器标志酶的分布特点及其与生物学行为间的关系。结果发现:正常胃粘膜上皮细胞AKPace均阴性;Acpase活性以主细胞为最强,旦分布于自噬及分泌溶酶体中;胃粘膜上皮细胞的核周间隙和粗面内质网(RER)G6paee均阳性,主细胞富于RER     

胆小管超微细胞酶学研究

以电镜细胞化学的方法,观察了小鼠胆小管酶的分布。观察的12种酶中,NDPase和G6Pase三种酶分布于胆小管微绒毛;AlPase、Na~+-K~+ATPase、Mg~(++)-ATPase、Ca~(++)-ATPase、CMPase、ACase和5＇-Nase等7种酶分布于胆小管微绒毛,也分布于肝细胞邻接面细胞膜和Disse间隙微绒毛;ACPase、细胞色素氧化酶以及线粒体ATPase不分布胆小管微绒毛,也不分布Disse间隙微绒毛和肝细胞膜。据信,胆小管微绒毛上的酶参与胆汁成份的转运,提供转运所需能量以及还可能与某些代谢过程有关。本实验中磷酸水解酶类使用的铈基法及亚铁氰化钾半还原的锇酸后固定法,效果优于铅法。     

Rubisco及其活化酶定位于豌豆和蚕豆叶绿体中

运用免疫金标记电镜技术研究了豆科C3植物豌豆(Pisum saticum L．)和蚕豆(Vicia faba L．)叶片中Rubisco及其活化酶(RCA)的细胞定位,结果表明：两种植物叶片解剖结构及叶绿体超微结构相似,叶肉细胞叶绿体具有发达的基粒片层,Rubisco和RCA免疫金标记颗粒主要分布于叶绿体的间质中,在基粒片层上很少,在表皮的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体内也有免疫金颗粒标记,在细胞质、液泡、线粒体等细胞器中无特异性标记。两种植物光合作用关键酶在叶绿体中定位的相似性,体现了C3植物在光合器结构与功能上具有共性。     

大白鼠胃粘膜上皮细胞高尔基体酶的定位及其变化

用四种高尔基体的标志细胞化学反应即嗜锇反应、TPP酶、NADP酶及CMP酶对大白鼠胃粘膜上皮细胞高尔基体进行研究。胃粘膜的胃腺体主要有主细胞、壁细胞、颈粘液细胞、内分泌细胞和未分化细胞组成,其各有不同的颗粒和细胞器。其中壁细胞的高尔基体发育最差,其它细胞均较肥大。未分化细胞胞内有显著和大的高尔基体,位于在核的上方,呈球形或半球形。高尔基体有二个区域:中央部分及外周部份。在外周部分有膜囊堆组成,每个膜囊堆有1—2膜囊组成形成面,中间是2—7层膜囊,1—2层为成熟面,此外还有GERL。在未分化细胞内没有分泌颗粒,随着细胞逐渐发育,高尔基体园球的中央部分     

肠易激综合征患者结肠粘膜细胞超微结构的研究

用电子显微镜观察6例肠易激综合症（IBS）患者,2例慢性结肠炎和2例正常对象结肠粘膜超微结构.结果显示,IBS患者结肠粘膜上皮细胞膜完整,细胞形态无异常,细胞间隙紧密,细胞微绒毛分布不规整,密度低而不均,长短方向不一,但线粒体、粗面内质网等细胞器无规律性和明显的变化.而IBS患者粘膜上皮中杯状细胞、浆细胞、肥大细胞和神经内分泌细胞内均可查见大量的分泌颗粒、空泡和粗面内质网等,呈现功能活跃和分泌旺盛状态.提示：IBS结肠粘膜内肥大细胞、浆细胞、神经内分泌细胞和杯状细胞的超微结构改变可能与IBS发病机制相关.     

幽门弯曲菌和机体相互关系的超微结构观察

本文旨在从超微结构方面探讨幽门弯曲菌(campylobacter pyloridis,简称op)和机体的相互关系,对10例有CP感染的慢性胃炎或溃疡病患者的胃粘膜做透射电镜观察。除常规超薄切片外,部分病例进行钌红染色或胞嘧啶单核苷酸酶反应。切片中CP呈弧形,杆形或园形,因切面方向不同而异,有时一端可见鞭毛。CP在胃粘膜表面的寄居方式有二:1、被包绕在粘液层内,和上皮细胞无任何接触,CP可单个存在或形成微集落(图1);2、粘附在粘膜表面或胃小凹处的粘液柱状细胞上,特别多见于细胞连接附近。菌壁和细胞膜间常有微量絮状物(图2、3),有时二者紧贴。未见CP侵入上皮细胞。此与Hazell的观察结果相似。     

植物细胞G6P酶活性的电镜细胞化学定位方法

对动物细胞Ｇ６Ｐ酶的电镜细胞化学方法稍加改进，将其应用于植物细胞中得到了良好效果。Ｇ６Ｐ酶活性在细胞核、细胞膜、液泡膜、内质网及解体细胞中小泡膜上均有显示。     

Bioengineered Gastrointestinal Tissues with Fibroblast-Induced Shapes

Bioengineered gastrointestinal (GI) tracts have potential applications in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Methods for engineering tubular GI tracts containing natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are currently limited. Here, the fabrication of collagen tubes with designed shapes by using lipid bilayer supported droplet networks is reported. Droplets containing cells and collagen are arrayed in lipid-containing oil to form droplet networks, which undergo thermal gelation to provide continuous collagen tubes. A variety of tubular GI tissues are fabricated. For example, human intestinal organoids embedded in the collagen tubes migrate to the luminal surfaces and fuse to form a continuous epithelial layer, mimicking aspects of intestinal tissue structure. Fibroblasts embedded in the collagen induce a cell density dependent contraction of the tubes. Complex tubular structures are produced by patterning droplets containing different densities of fibroblasts. The fibroblast-containing collagen tubes are seeded with various epithelial cells at their luminal surfaces to form gastric and colonic tissues, which comprise monolayers or multilayers of epithelial cells and fibroblast-containing subepithelial layers. The engineered gastric tissues are susceptible to infection with Helicobacter pylori. The versatile technique allows the construction of tubular GI tracts containing ECM and layered structures, with broad potential applications in disease research and regenerative medicine.     

肺透明细胞癌的超微结构观察

对１２例光镜诊断为肺透明细胞癌的病例进行超微结构观察。结果发现低分化腺癌７例,你分化鳞状细胞癌２例和低分化腺鳞癌３例。结果表明电镜观察能准确反映肺透明细胞癌的细胞学类型肺透明细胞癌起源于支气管粘液及其底细胞。     

复合物Mg+-S2(CH3)2光解离光谱

在230～440 nm波段,研究了复合物Mg -S2(CH3)2的光解离光谱.此波段内的复合物光诱导产物的质谱揭示,存在着非反应猝灭产物Mg 和反应产物Mg -SCH3.反应产物来源于Mg 离子插入S-S化学键,导致复合物解离的过程.复合物的光解离光谱由三个对应于离子Mg (32P←32S)跃迁的谱峰构成.由量化计算中的CIS方法所获得的吸收谱理论值与实验吻合地较好.     

Microscopy and microanalysis study of the indium (In) behavior in the intestinal mucosa, the liver, the kidney and the testicle

Several studies have demonstrated that In used in medicine has several impacts on organs like spleen and lungs after its systemic administration. In the present study, ultrastructural and microanalytical methods were used to investigate the impact of the presence of this element in the intestinal mucosa, the liver, the kidney and the testicle after its administration in two ways. After intraperitoneal administration, In was selectively concentrated in the lysosomes of hepatocytes, of tubular proximal convoluted cells and of Sertoli and Leydig cells. After intragastric administration, ultrastructural study showed that this element was concentrated in the lysosomes of duodenal enterocytes. Microanalytical methods showed that In was precipitated in those organelles in the form of insoluble phosphate salts. Similarly to other studies, it seemed that since In is a foreign element for the organism, it was precipitated in lysosomes, very probably due to the activity of an intralysosomal enzyme the acid phosphatase, to avoid its invasion to organism via the blood. This mechanism of precipitation of the mineral elements is of great interest in the process of defensive reaction of the organism against intoxication by foreign elements.     

正常胃、癌旁胃、胃癌组织中神经内分泌细胞的超微结构形态诊断及意义

本文应用透射电镜技术对９例正常胃粘膜,２０例新鲜手术切除胃癌及癌旁粘膜的神经内分泌（ＮＥ）细胞进行观察,并与９种激素抗体免疫组化结果进行对比观察。电镜下正常胃泌酸区（体底）粘膜可见ＥＣＬ细胞、Ｐ细胞、ＥＣ细胞,Ｘ细胞、偶见Ｄ细胞;胃窦粘膜可见Ｇ细胞、Ｄ细胞,ＥＣ细胞。２０例胃癌中含ＮＥ型癌细胞８例,依据ＮＥ颗粒的形态不同可分为三种类型。１６例癌旁粘膜ＮＥ细胞的形态与正常相似,但数量有明显变化。对正常胃粘膜ＮＥ细胞的超微形态与功能,胃癌中ＮＥ细胞超微诊断特点及临床病理意义进行了探讨。     

Starvation induces the formation of giant mitochondria in gastric parietal cells of guinea pigs

Mitochondria occasionally increase in size in response to metabolic injury. Numerous studies have reported giant mitochondria in patients with various diseases and animals with metabolic injuries, but there are few reports on giant mitochondria in normal cells under physiological conditions. Here, we report giant mitochondria in normal gastric parietal cells. Stomachs of guinea pigs fed freely, fasted or fasted and then injected with histamine were processed for electron microscopy. Giant mitochondria >2 microm in the diameter of their major axis were observed in resting-type parietal cells in the gastric glands of animals fasted for 60-72 h, whereas acid-secreting-type parietal cells found in those fed ad libitum did not contain giant mitochondria. Giant mitochondria showed unusual structures, especially in their cristae: they contained closely packed, tubular and concentric cristae as well as amorphous and pleomorphic inclusion bodies in their matrix. We observed giant mitochondria consisting of several segments, suggesting the fusion of several normal-sized mitochondria. Histamine injection decreased in a frequency of giant mitochondria in accordance with a decrease in a frequency of resting-type parietal cells. This is the first report of giant mitochondria in gastric parietal cells under physiological or near physiological conditions. Gastric parietal cells might be a good model for examining mitochondrial fusion and fission in a physiological state accompanied by the morphological change of the cells in the membrane system from an acid-secreting to resting type.     

Fe掺杂CuO纳米粉末铁磁性研究

利用固态反应法制备了Fe掺杂CuO纳米粉末并实现了铁磁性。研究了Fe掺杂CuO纳米粉末的结构和磁学特性,X射线粉末衍射谱显示该样品为CuO单斜结构,不存在杂质相,证明Fe离子融入了CuO晶格,铁磁性起源于Fe离子与CuO晶格的相互作用。     

氨磷汀减轻顺铂致大鼠肾损伤的超微结构研究

应用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察顺铂诱发的肾小管专性损伤及氨磷汀对其的保护作用。结果显示：单纯给大鼠腹腔内注射顺铂6mg／kg。可致肾近端小管直段上皮细胞严重坏死和凋亡,但在注射顺铂前,先用200mg／kg氨磷汀腹腔内注射后。可明显减轻由顺铂诱发的肾毒性损伤作用。结果表明：氨磷汀对顺铂所致的肾毒性损伤可起有效的保护作用。