指纹图谱结合化学计量学方法研究新疆薰衣草精油成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)提取薰衣草挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析其化学成分及相对含量。通过气相色谱法(GC)建立其色谱指纹图谱,并结合化学计量学方法对其进行品种鉴别。3种薰衣草精油中共检测29种挥发性化学成分,其中共有成分有18种;31批薰衣草样本的GC指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9,符合指纹图谱相似度的要求,利用主成分分析法(PCA)和聚类分析法(HCA)对GC指纹图谱进行识别,可直观地区分薰衣草品种,该方法可应用于薰衣草质量控制及品种鉴别。     

气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱法研究普洱茶醇溶物挥发性成分

以普洱茶7542为参考样本, 乙醇为溶剂, 超声提取制备普洱茶醇溶物, 建立了普洱茶7542醇溶物气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)指纹图谱, 同时对其指纹图谱进行相似度计算和主成分分析.试验结果表明, 普洱茶醇溶物的最佳提取方法:采用50 mL 95%乙醇超声提取30 min, 顶空进样最佳条件为振荡箱温度110℃, 振荡时间20 min.通过对9个不同年限、不同批次的普洱茶7542系列样品醇溶物挥发性成分GC-MS指纹图谱进行相似度分析, 测定样品醇溶物挥发性成分图谱与对照图谱之间的相似度在0.706~0.906之间, 说明不同年限、不同批次的9个普洱茶7542醇溶物挥发性成分和参照样本相比发生了改变, 但变化较小, 但其共有成分峰面积百分含量存在差异.通过对9个不同年限、不同批次普洱茶7542醇溶物挥发性成分共有成分进行主成分分析, 提取了2个成分, 即2-羟甲基-2-甲基-吡咯烷-1-甲醛和N-丁基苯磺酰胺, 其特征值大于1, 累计方差贡献率达90.2%, 能较好的代表 9个不同年限、不同批次普洱茶7542的全部信息, 可以用主成分分析来反映样品的全部信息.因此可通过测定9个不同年限、不同批次普洱茶7542醇溶物中2-羟甲基-2-甲基-吡咯烷-1-甲醛和N-丁基苯磺酰胺的含量差异评价普洱茶7542的质量.     

基于质子转移反应-飞行时间质谱快速鉴别不同产地闽北水仙茶

采用质子转移反应-飞行时间质谱仪(PTR-TOF-MS), 构建了3个产地(武夷山、建阳、建瓯)113个闽北水仙茶样品香气的化学指纹图谱, 对所得的闽北水仙茶香气指纹图谱进行主成分分析(PCA), 获得了不同产地闽北水仙茶样品的质谱信息特征, 然后采用软独立建模分类法(SIMCA)、K最邻近结点算法(KNN)、偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)对闽北水仙茶的质谱信息进行了模式识别.结果表明, PTR-TOF-MS结合分类识别模式能有效区分不同产地的闽北水仙茶.PCA 提取了3个主成分, 累计贡献率为84.66%;3个识别模型的校正集判别正确率分别为89.38%、100.00%和100.00%, 预测集的判别正确率分别为83.18%、 96.46%和95.57%.基于此成功建立了不同产地的闽北水仙茶识别模型.本方法无需样品预处理、分析速度快、灵敏度高、对茶叶无损伤, 为茶叶产地溯源提供了新方法.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法建立烟用香精指纹图谱

采用固相微萃取法(SPME)对6批次的烟用HMT-4香精成分进行提取,GC/MS对其进行分析,建立了该香精的GC/MS指纹图谱的研究方法。通过参兑实验考察了色谱指纹图谱用于香精质量控制的可行性。结果表明:SPME法具有操作简便、快速、节能、萃取效率高等特点,适合于烟用香精成分的提取。6批次的HMT-4香精的指纹图谱稳定性好,相似度高,具有很强的特征性和唯一性。通过参兑实验发现色谱指纹图谱能全面、综合、准确地反映烟用香精的质量情况,可以成为烟用香精质量控制的有效手段。     

气相色谱指纹图谱用于连翘的质量控制

建立连翘挥发油的指纹图谱测定分析方法 ,为含连翘中药制剂制定指纹图谱奠定基础。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取不同产地连翘的挥发油 ,用毛细管气相色谱技术测定其指纹图谱 (GC FPS) ,并选用模糊聚类法分析比较。该方法灵敏度高 ,谱图有较好的重现性 ,样品稳定性好 ,1 1种连翘色谱峰重叠率 >97%。聚类分析法使谱图分析更为快速、准确 ,适用于连翘的质量控制     

非线性化学指纹图谱技术用于菖蒲的鉴别及二元混合物中不同菖蒲含量的测定

采用非线性化学指纹图谱技术获得了石菖蒲、水菖蒲和九节菖蒲的特征指纹图谱,直观差异明显;将石菖蒲分别与水菖蒲和九节菖蒲进行二元掺杂,利用指纹图谱定量信息和各菖蒲含量拟合得到线性回归方程,相关系数0.9990.用该方程预测了二元混合物中不同菖蒲的含量,相对误差≤4.17%,RSD≤2.73%.非线性化学指纹图谱技术具有良好的重现性和特征性,同种菖蒲指纹图谱间系统相似度≥0.9989,不同种菖蒲指纹图谱间相似度≤0.9123.此外,该技术摒弃传统方法复杂的前处理过程,可高效、快速进行鉴别,从整体性角度对样本进行定性鉴别与定量分析.     

茵陈挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱分析

建立了茵陈挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱,将正交投影算法用于不同样本中共有峰的提取,提高了共有峰的识别能力,降低了由于保留时间的漂移、质谱检索匹配度不高以及色谱峰重叠而引起的共有峰识别的难度.采用共有峰率、变异率及相似度等几个指标对4个不同产地的茵陈挥发油成分进行了评价,从共性、差异和整体性等多个方面全面表征茵陈挥发油的化学模式特征.结果表明,不同产地的茵陈挥发油成分大致相同,该指纹图谱可用于茵陈中挥发油成分的质量控制.     

栀子药材的指纹图谱整体性分析

建立了药材栀子水提部分的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,脂溶性成分和挥发油的气相色谱．质谱联用指纹图谱,并分别计算了此3部分指纹图谱的相似系数和总体相似系数,同产地结果RSD≤5％。通过比较不同产地栀子相似系数的关系,以及对9个主要药效成分定量结果的分析,对不同产地栀子的指纹图谱做了整体性评价,结果表明,只有全面测定成分及整体性评价后,药材的质量才能得到有效评价。     

海南沉香挥发油的气相色谱指纹图谱研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取海南沉香挥发油,并对其进行GC-MS分析,建立的海南沉香药材挥发油的GC指纹图谱具有稳定性、特征性.对10批海南沉香药材进行分析,相似度为0.913～0.997.该方法可作为海南沉香药材地道性鉴定的一种新手段.     

双黄连注射液的GC指纹图谱及其相似度评价

双黄连注射液收载于卫生部药品标准中药成方制剂第十一册~([1]),处方中金银花、黄芩、连翘三味药性寒味苦,均具有清热解毒之功效.现代药理学研究表明,该注射液中的挥发性成分具有解热、抗菌的作用~([2]).本研究参照国家药品监督管理局颁布的中药注射剂指纹图谱研究的技术要求(暂行)~([3]),在方法学考察的基础上,对其GC指纹图谱进行了研究,建立了双黄连注射液GC标准对照谱图,并对各批次双黄连注射液的相似度进行了评价.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.