单晶MoO3纳米片：静电纺丝法制备及光催化活性

以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)和钼酸铵((NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术结合溶胶过程制备了PVP/(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O前躯体,对前躯体缓慢控温处理制备MoO3纳米材料。通过X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)﹑红外光谱(FTIR)﹑X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)等表征手段研究了热处理温度对MoO3晶体生长和结构的影响。以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光降解为模型反应,研究了MoO3微纳米材料的光催化性能。结果表明,热处理温度500℃时生成的MoO3纳米片光催化活性最好,并探讨了其光催化机理。     

静电纺丝技术制备LaCrO4和LaCrO3纳米带及其光催化性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[La(NO3)3|Cr(NO3)3]复合纳米带, 经热处理后得到LaCrO4纳米带和LaCrO3纳米带. 采用TG-DTA, XRD, SEM和EDS等测试手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, PVP/[La(NO3)3-Cr(NO3)3]复合纳米带表面光滑, 宽度为(9.1±1.9) μm, 厚度约385 nm; 经600 ℃焙烧后得到单斜独居石型LaCrO4纳米带, 宽度为(2.5±0.5) μm, 厚度约100 nm; 当焙烧温度为650~800 ℃时得到LaCrO3多孔纳米带, 属正交晶系, Pbnm空间群, 经650 ℃焙烧后得到的LaCrO3纳米带呈多孔结构, 带宽为(2.4±0.5) μm, 厚度约90 nm; 经800 ℃焙烧后得到的LaCrO3纳米带部分破碎形成LaCrO3纳米粒子, LaCrO3纳米带宽度约(1.3±0.4) μm, 厚度约90 nm, LaCrO3纳米粒子粒径约80 nm. 以罗丹明B为目标降解物, 研究了不同焙烧温度下产物的光催化性能, 其中800 ℃焙烧后得到的样品在紫外光照射下对罗丹明B的降解效果最好, 光照200 min后罗丹明B的降解率为94.6%.     

静电纺丝法制备LaFeO3微纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝技术并结合溶胶-凝胶方法制备了LaFeO3微纳米纤维. 用差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱和场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对样品进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 390 ℃时钙钛矿结构的LaFeO3晶体开始形成, 同时伴有少量微弱的La2O2CO3和Fe2O3杂相存在, 600 ℃煅烧获得正交钙钛矿结构的LaFeO3微纳米纤维, 其纤维直径分布在300~600 nm之间, 其平均直径约为420 nm, 平均晶粒尺寸为28 nm.     

W(Ⅴ)掺杂MoO_3微纳米片的静电纺丝制备及光催化活性

采用静电纺丝技术结合溶胶过程制备W(Ⅴ)掺杂的PVP/(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_(24)·4H_2O前躯体,经缓慢控温焙烧前躯体,600℃时获得结晶度良好的MoO_3及Mo_(0.97)W(V)_(0.03)O_(3-δ)微纳米片.通过热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UVVis)等表征手段研究W(Ⅴ)掺杂对MoO_3微纳米片晶体生长和结构的影响;以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光降解为模型反应研究其光催化性能.结果表明,热处理温度600℃时生成的Mo_(0.97)W(Ⅴ)_(0.03)O_(3-δ)微纳米片光催化活性最好.     

静电纺丝法制备V2O5微纳米棒及光催化性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术结合溶胶过程制备PVP/NH4VO3纤维,对纤维缓慢控温处理制备V2O5微纳米棒。采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)技术手段对V2O5微纳米棒的结构和表面形态进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光降解为模型反应,研究V2O5微纳米棒的光催化性能。结果表明:热处理温度对催化剂表面形态和晶相的生长有明显影响,550℃煅烧的V2O5微纳米棒在可见光区对MB的光降解效率最高,并分析和探讨了可能的光催化机理。     

静电纺丝制备多级结构TiO2微纳米纤维

通过对共轴电纺内流体溶液浓度和流速的调控得到4种具有不同内部结构的TiO₂微纳米纤维, 即具有“微孔”、“囊泡”、“竹节”和“管”状结构的TiO₂微纳米纤维, 实现了对纤维内部结构的有效控制, 对于新型仿生中空纤维的研究具有重要意义.     

静电纺丝法制备的V2O5/MoO3复合光催化剂的表征及其光催化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯活性

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯是一种干扰人体内分泌系统的化学物质,尽管对人体具有潜在危害,目前仍做为塑料、醋酸乙烯酯、纤维素等生产过程中的添加剂而广泛使用.伴随着邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的生产和应用,自然界不可避免地受其污染.因此,如何有效降解排放在环境中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯以减少其对人类的不利影响成为化学研究者的重要任务.通过半导体光催化剂高效利用太阳能光催化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯是一种有效方法. TiO2等半导体光催化剂由于光催化过程中产生的电子-空穴对极易复合导致其催化效率不高,减少光生电子-空穴对复合率进而提高光量子效率的方法有金属掺杂、非金属掺杂、表面敏化、半导体复合等多种手段.其中, MoO3由于其独特的结构和化学性质广泛应用于光催化领域,并常作为耦合剂与其他半导体(如TiO2)复合以提高光催化活性.在我们以前的工作中,曾使用MoO3做为耦合剂与V2O5复合,实验结果证明MoO3与V2O5复合形成异质结构有效提高了V2O5的光催化效率. MoO3由于其带隙较宽(约2.90 eV),对太阳光利用率不高,以及电子-空穴对极易复合导致MoO3实际光催化活性并不好.因此,我们考虑以MoO3做为主体, V2O5做为耦合剂研究n(V)/n(Mo)比对V2O5/MoO3复合光催化剂结构和性能的影响.我们以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、四水合钼酸铵((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O)和偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)为原料,采用静电纺丝技术结合溶胶凝胶过程的方法,成功制备了具有不同n(V)/n(Mo)比的V2O5/MoO3复合光催化剂. XRD结果表明,当n(V)/n(Mo)<1/6时,钒离子掺杂进入MoO3晶格内,n(V)/n(Mo)>1/6时,部分钒离子掺杂进入MoO3晶格内,部分钒离子聚集形成V2O5晶体, V2O5晶体数量随着n(V)/n(Mo)逐渐增加,且尺寸有所增长.这一点在扫描电镜中得到了进一步的证实.扫描电镜结果表明α-MoO3呈规则的层状结构,为长度约3μm,宽度约2μm,厚度约500 nm的表面光滑的正交相MoO3微纳米片,而V2O5则为微纳米颗粒,其中表面光滑的层状MoO3微纳米片散乱分布在块状V2O5微纳米颗粒之间,并与V2O5微纳米颗粒团簇紧密接触.由于二者的紧密接触,可能在二者交界处形成了V2O5/MoO3异质结构.紫外-可见漫反射光谱数据表明,掺杂或者异质结构的形成有效降低了MoO3的带隙,促进了MoO3对可见光的吸收,拓宽了光响应范围.为进一步确定MoO3与V2O5复合前后元素的化学态变化,我们进行了XPS能谱测试.通过对V 2p和Mo 3d XPS谱图高斯曲线拟合发现,与纯V2O5相比, VM-6和VM-2中不同价态的V元素电子结合能均有所增加.同时, VM-6和VM-2中的Mo元素的电子结合能与纯MoO3相比有轻微的减少,这说明无论是掺杂还是异质结构的形成都使V离子和Mo离子的化学环境有所改变.我们以亚甲基蓝为探针反应,测试V2O5/MoO3复合光催化剂的催化活性.结果表明,无论掺杂还是异质结构的光催化剂光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性均远大于纯MoO3和V2O5.这可能是由于V 3d杂质能级的存在以及V2O5和MoO3交界处异质结构的形成有效降低了MoO3的带隙,拓宽了光响应范围.另一方面,异质结构有利于光生电子-空穴对的分离,有效提高了光量子效率.其中, n(V)/n(Mo)的最佳比为1/2,亚甲基蓝的光降解率高达89.23%.为了测定V2O5/MoO3复合光催化剂对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的光催化活性,我们选取了样品纯MoO3, V2O5, VM-6和VM-2进行测试.测定结果与光催化降解亚甲基蓝结果吻合, VM-2催化效果最高,可达82.20%.并通过高效液相色谱测定邻苯二甲酸二甲酯降解过程的中间产物为邻苯二甲酸.     

ZnO纳米纤维的静电纺丝及其光催化性能的研究

以聚乙烯醇溶液为络合剂与醋酸锌反应制得前驱体溶液,采用静电纺丝法制备PVA/Zn(Ac)2复合纳米纤维,经过高温煅烧得到直径为100 nm的ZnO纳米纤维,采用差热-热重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线粉末衍射分析及扫描电镜等手段对其进行了表征.光催化降解酸性品红溶液的实验结果表明,太阳光照65 min使质量浓度为45 mg/L酸性品红水溶液的脱色率达93%;另外,重复使用ZnO纳米纤维4次之后,其光催化降解率仍能达到70%以上.这充分说明ZnO纳米纤维具有良好的光催化性能.     

静电纺丝法制备超细聚苯乙烯纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝方法制备了超细聚苯乙烯纤维, 通过向溶液中添加有机胺盐并降低溶液浓度将纤维的平均直径降至100 nm, 并研究了盐的添加量对纤维直径的影响.     

纳米WO3粉体的制备与光催化活性研究

报道了以钨酸钠和盐酸为主要原料,通过气液反应制备纳米WO3粉体光催化剂的新方法．在XPS,XRD,TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征的基础上,又讨论了焙烧温度和乙醇加入量对催化剂粒度大小以及光催化活性的影响．同时对纳米WO3粉体催化剂的光催化重整乙醇制氢反应活性进行了研究,观察了产氢效率和光电化学行为．研究结果表明,气液反应法是一种简单有效的制备纳米WO3粉体催化剂的方法,并显示出较好的光催化活性;该方法所得的三氧化钨粉末粒子平均直径在100nm以下;钨酸钠溶液中乙醇加入量对三氧化钨粉末粒子的尺寸和分散性都有影响,随着乙醇量的增加,粒子尺寸减小,且分散性较好．焙烧温度引起的WO3粒子晶体结构的变化会导致光氧化还原电位变化,是引起光催化活性差异的主要原因．     

The electron structure and photocatalytic activity of Ti(IV) doped Bi_2O_3

Density functional theory (DFT) plays a significant role in the development of visible light responsive photocatalysts.Based on the first-principles plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential (USPP) method,the crystal structures of α,β,γ,and δ-Bi2O3 were optimally calculated for the total density of states (TDOS) and the partial density of states (PDOS) of Bi,O atoms.The calculation for Ti(IV) doped Bi2O3 supercell was carried out.The effects of Ti(IV)-doping on the electron structures and light absorption proper...     

Fabrication and photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3 ribbon-like nanofibers

LaFeO₃ ribbon-like nanofibers were synthesized via a sol–gel-assisted electrospinning method. The differences in morphology and photocatalytic property of LaFeO₃ nanofibers prepared through different needles were investigated. At the same time, the morphology and photocatalytic activity of porous LaFeO₃ nanobelts formed at different calcination temperatures were also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the obtained ribbon-like LaFeO₃ nanofibers made using a coaxial needle contained a large number of pores. Moreover, with the increase of calcination temperature, the morphology of the fibers also changed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a series of fibers all in orthorhombic LaFeO₃ phase but no other impurities. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of LaFeO₃ nanofibers was studied for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light. The results demonstrated that ribbon-like nanofibers exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity compared with the others and the LaFeO₃ nanobelts calcined at 500°C had the best photocatalytic activity. Based on the experimental results, possible forming mechanisms involving in LaFeO₃ nanofibers through different needles are also discussed.     

AgNbO3的水热合成和光催化性质表征

采用水热合成法制备了AgNbO3粉末,运用XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)和UV Vis DRS (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy)对其表征,在可见光照射下通过降解亚甲基蓝,来评估样品的光催化活性,实验结果表明,目标化合物与固相合成法制备的AgNbO3相比较具有明显较高的催化活性,水热法制备的产物在光催化方面拥有广阔的应用前景.     

Fe (III)‐grafted Bi2MoO6 nanoplates for enhanced photocatalytic activities on tetracycline degradation and HMF oxidation

Fe (III)‐grafted Bi₂MoO₆ nanoplates (Fe (III)/BMO) with varying small quantity of Fe (III) clusters modification were fabricated through a simple hydrothermal and impregnation process. The characterization results indicate that the modification of Fe (III) clusters on the surface of Bi₂MoO₆ nanoplates with intimate interfacial contact is beneficial to the expansion of visible light absorption range and the separation of photoinduced carriers during the interface charge transfer process. The photocatalytic properties of the samples were studied by degradation of tetracycline (TC) and selective aerobic oxidation of biomass‐derived chemical 5‐hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (HMF) under visible light. The 1.5 wt% Fe (III) clusters‐grafted Bi₂MoO₆ nanoplates exhibited optimum photocatalytic activity, which is the TC degradation kinetic rate constant is 5.3 times higher than that of bare BMO, and the highest HMF conversion of 32.62% can be obtained with a selectivity of 95.30%. Furthermore, a possible visible light photocatalysis mechanism over Fe (III)/BMO sample has been proposed. This study may supply some insight for the development of visible‐light‐driven Bi₂MoO₆‐based photocatalysts applicable to both environmental remediation and biomass‐derived chemical transformation.     

MoO3基纳米复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以MoO3为基体,分别用超声分散法与碳纳米管(CNTs),化学原位聚合法与聚吡咯(PPy)复合,制备了MoO3/CNTs,MoO3/PPy和MoO3/CNTs/PPy纳米复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM对复合材料进行物性表征,在1 mol·dm-3的HCl溶液中对MoO3,MoO3/CNTs,MoO3/PPy和MoO3/CNTs/PPy四个样品进行电化学测试。结果表明,复合材料的比容量均高于MoO3,其中,由于MoO3/PPy特殊的一维核壳结构使其具有较高的比表面积,相比较其他复合材料而言,有更好的电化学活性。该材料的最大比电容为450.8F·g-1。     

Recyclable MoO3 nanobelts for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B by near infrared irradiation

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) represented an excellent photocatalytic performance with many applications, including degradation of organic contaminants and splitting of water. This paper presented a new route to synthesize MoO₃ nanobelts with high aspect ratios and crystallinity by a hydrothermal technique. This work showed that the as-synthesized nanobelts exhibited strong photocatalytic activity to degrade an organic dye of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under the exposure of the light source in the near infrared wavelength range, significantly improving the photocatalytic activity of the nanobelts. The results also showed that for a small concentration of RhB at 7.5 mg/L a complete photodegradation (for a given MoO₃ nanobelts quantity of 0.1 g) can be reached after exposing for 60 min. For all concentrations of the RhB solution, the photodegradation exhibited an exponential dependence on the exposure time followed by a sudden shutdown, but no complete photodegradation can be reached. Also, the residual quantity of RhB in solution after the photocatalytic reaction was determined by the initial RhB concentration. The photocatalytic degradation can be interpreted by the pseudo–first-order equation for the absorption of liquid/solid based on solid capacity; thus, photocatalytic degradation can be attributed to the interaction between the photoexcited electrons in the substrate and the antibonding orbital of the RhB in solution. The sudden shutdown was due to the inability of the photoexcited electrons in the substrate hopping to the antibonding orbital of RhB in the presence of the RhB intermediate products from the degraded RhB. In addition, this work showed that the photocatalytic reaction can be recovered after a thermal treatment of postreacted MoO₃ nanobelts, enhancing the utilization efficiency of the catalysis.     

在离子液/水体系中超声合成MoO_3纳米棒及其表征(英文)

采用超声波的方法在离子液(1-丁基-3-甲基氯代咪唑盐离子液,[BMIM]Cl)中合成了直径分布在80~150 nm的MoO3纳米棒.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对所合成材料的微观结构和形貌进行了表征.此外,考察了反应时间、加入[BMIM]Cl的量以及其它咪唑基离子液对产物的影响并提出了可能的反应机理.最后对在不同温度煅烧下所得的α-MoO的甲烷催化燃烧活性进行了表征.     

聚（四甲基对苯二胺）/MoO3层状材料的制备

近年来 ,MoO3因其特殊的嵌合性能以及在材料科学领域的应用前景而受到了广泛关 注 [1－ 6].尤其因导电高分子嵌入 MoO3后材料性能的提高 ,而使得人们对聚合物 /MoO3纳米材料的研究保持高度的兴趣 [7－ 10].然而 ,由于 MoO3不具备强氧化能力 ,使得这一材料的原位生成困难重重 [7].到目前为止 ,常见的做法仍是首先将 MoO3层"撑"开 ,再通过离子交换将聚合物嵌入其中 .聚合物 /MoO3的生成通常要经过若干步骤才能实现 .本文采用钼酸铵和四甲基对苯二胺（下称 TMPD）为原料 ,利用钼酸铵在强酸条件下水解生成 MoO3[12]和 TMPD易于氧化的特…     

Effect of the composition of titanium-zirconium oxide systems on their photocatalytic activity in the reduction of methylene blue by formaldehyde

Relationships were obtained between the photocatalytic activity (PCA), absorption spectra, electrical conductivity (σ), and catalytic activity (CA) of oxides containing Zr⁴⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ and their quantitative and phase composition. It was found that the PCA and CA depend linearly on σ. The relation between these characteristics and the effectiveness of their action in chemical reactions was studied. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 345–350, November–December, 2006.