石墨烯复合纤维与纺织品的功能

阐述了石墨烯纤维素复合纤维的功能性研究,包括力学性能、防紫外线性能、抗静电性能及阻燃性能等。研究了石墨烯对锦纶纤维的改性以及石墨烯功能性纺织品,包括石墨烯复合紫外防护织物、聚苯胺氧化石墨烯功能织物以及聚乙烯醇/石墨烯复合织物。最后,对功能石墨烯复合纤维与纺织品的应用及发展进行了展望。     

石墨烯在功能家纺产品中的应用与趋势

对石墨烯纤维在功能纺织品领域的开发以及在家纺行业应用进行了探究,研究认为石墨复合纤维材料具有较强的抗菌、远红外发热、抗紫外线、耐磨等功能,在纺织品领域具有极高的开发价值。     

文胸模杯复合织物的设计与开发

为了改善文胸模杯的舒适性及功能性,采用聚丙烯酸酯类黏合剂,在3D棉表层黏合一层石墨烯纤维素纤维和相变纤维水刺非织造材料,开发文胸模杯复合织物。介绍文胸的结构、原料和制备工艺,包括功能性水刺非织造基布制备、复合试验和文胸模杯定形工艺。测试复合织物的舒适性,包括克质量、厚度、力学性能、透气性、吸湿性、保暖性等,以及防紫外线、远红外、抗静电等功能性。结果表明,复合织物的舒适性、尺寸稳定性、防紫外线辐射性能均增强,并且具有抗静电功能,当复合的水刺非织造材料石墨烯纤维素纤维含量为50%~80%、克质量为60~80 g/m2时,复合织物具有远红外功能。     

生物质石墨烯功能面料开发及性能测试

采用10 tex再生纤维素纤维纱线与纬纱13.33 tex/24 f锦纶交织制备了生物质石墨烯功能面料,对面料安全性能、抑菌性能、远红外性能、吸湿速干性能、防紫外线性能和抗静电性能进行了测试。结果表明,生物质石墨烯功能面料具有良好的生物相容性、安全无毒、远红外发射、抗静电、防紫外线、抑菌、吸湿透气等功能。为开发远红外保健内衣、抗静电服装、防紫外防护服装、抗菌抑菌保健服装等高端功能纺织品提供了支持。     

石墨烯功能性织物的研究

石墨烯具有抗菌、导电、抗静电、阻燃耐热、电磁防护、抗紫外线和远红外保健等多项功能,将石墨烯引入纤维纺织领域可形成多功能的纺织织物,受到市场的欢迎和专家的重视,因此对石墨烯功能性织物的深入研究和开发具有重要意义。     

石墨烯多功能阻燃面料的开发与性能

研究了石墨烯多功能阻燃面料的开发方案。采用不同基材、不同含量的石墨烯纤维与阻燃类纤维混纺,研究最优纤维配伍方式。设计7种纤维混纺比,在纱线、织物规格与结构相同的情况下,测试混纺织物的强伸性、透气性、阻燃性、抗菌性以及远红外功能,分析石墨烯纤维基材与含量对织物力学性和功能性的影响。采用灰色近优综合评价法对7种织物的白化灰近优度进行优劣排序。结果表明：黏胶基石墨烯/腈氯纶/阻燃涤纶/锦纶基石墨烯/聚酰亚胺混纺比为20/30/20/10/20时,织物的远红外发射率为0.98,远红外辐射温升为2.5 K;织物经50次水洗后对大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率达到98%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到99%;织物燃烧时无续燃、阴燃现象,损毁长度<100 mm。此外该织物开发方案的近优度值最接近1,综合性能最佳,具有阻燃、抗菌、远红外复合功能,认为采用30%石墨烯纤维与阻燃类纤维混纺,可以赋予织物良好的抗菌和远红外功能。     

石墨烯改性保暖、远红外及抑菌复合功能织物设计

开发具有保暖、远红外及抗菌复合功能织物具有重要的应用价值。采用浸渍、浸轧、烘干、还原、烘干工艺制得棉/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)针织物。通过SEM和XPS测试验证了RGO片状结构存在于纤维表面及纤维之间的空隙中。棉/RGO针织物表现出了一定的保暖、远红外及抑菌效果,且在水洗30次后还可保持较好的功能性。RGO分布于织物空隙中,使其透气率、芯吸高度和透湿量略有下降,拉伸强力有所提升。棉/RGO针织物不仅实现了保暖、远红外及抑菌复合功能,还基本保持了针织物原样的服用性能,展现出了较好的应用潜力。     

安全防护功能纺织品

随着对安全防护纤维认识的提高及功能整理研究的深入,多种安全防护织物相继出现,并表现出良好的发展态势。文章介绍了防紫外线织物、电磁辐射防护织物、抗静电导电织物、高能见度纺织品等安全防护功能纺织品的研究现状。     

高比例兔毛与石墨烯黏胶混纺针织面料的开发

从纤维、纱线、织物3方面介绍一种新型兔毛纤维与石墨烯黏胶混纺针织面料的开发实践。从兔毛纤维和石墨烯黏胶纤维的性能特点出发,结合两种纤维的优点,采用气流纺纱机纺制兔毛纤维与石墨烯黏胶纤维混纺纱(60∶40),并对混纺纱的基本性能进行测试。使用该混纺纱开发兔毛纤维与石墨烯黏胶纤维混纺针织面料,并对面料的远红外性能、防紫外线性能、透气性进行测试。结果表明,面料手感柔软、富有光泽、透湿透气,而且具有紫外线防护、远红外保健功能。     

电泳沉积法制备功能性尼龙/石墨烯复合织物

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为阳离子表面改性剂对商用尼龙织物进行预处理,采用电泳沉积法将氧化石墨烯(GO)均匀地沉积在织物表面,再通过热处理将其还原成还原氧化石墨烯(rGO),制得尼龙/还原氧化石墨烯(nylon/rGO)复合织物。采用SEM、ATR-FTIR和XPS等手段进行表征,测试了复合织物的导电性、导热性和紫外线防护性能。研究表明,石墨烯改性尼龙织物表现出优异的导电性(10~3Ω/)、导热性(0.521 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1))和紫外线防护性能(UPF500,T_(UVA)0.05%)。     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

酚类物质的结构与性质及其与葡萄及葡萄酒的关系

酚类物质是一类大而复杂的化合物。葡萄与葡萄酒中常见的酚类物质可分为类黄酮和非类黄酮两大类，它们是葡萄中重要的次生代谢产物，与葡萄的抗病性、采后生理、贮存、保鲜等密切相关。葡萄酒中的酚类物质来自于葡萄果实、果梗、酵母代谢以及橡木桶，参与形成葡萄酒的味道、骨架、结构和颜色等，对红葡萄酒的特征和质量尤其重要。