碱化利多卡因联合肝素膀胱灌注治疗膀胱疼痛综合征/间质性膀胱炎215例报告

目的 评估碱化利多卡因联合肝素膀胱灌注治疗膀胱疼痛综合征/间质性膀胱炎(PBS/IC)的疗效. 方法门诊治疗215例女性PBS/IC患者,年龄28～69岁,平均(46.1±17.5)岁.临床表现为下腹酸胀/疼痛、夜尿次数多及尿频、尿急.采用碱化利多卡因联合肝素膀胱灌注治疗,将2%利多卡因20 ml+肝素3.75万U+5%碳酸氢钠5 ml的混合液缓慢注入膀胱内,保留45～60 min.每周灌注2次,疗程12～16周.患者治疗前后均行O'Leary-Sant IC问卷表评分.结果 215例随访3～18个月,平均9个月.0'Leary-Sant平均症状评分(ICPI)治疗前为(12.5±4.9)分,治疗3个月后降为(6.5±3.6)分(P＜0.01);问题评分(ICSI)治疗前为(7.4±3.1)分,治疗后降为(3.2±2.0)分(P＜0.01).其中下腹酸胀/疼痛的改善率为71.3%(139/195),夜尿次数改善率为65.3%(109/167),尿频尿急改善相对不明显,为22.9%(24/105).治疗中未见明显不良反应.结论 应用碱化利多卡因联合肝素膀胱灌注能有效改善PBS/IC的临床症状,尤其能明显改善下腹酸胀/疼痛和夜尿次数多的症状,是一种安全有效的方法.     

膀胱水扩张加肝素灌注治疗女性间质性膀胱炎10例报告

目的观察膀胱水扩张加肝素灌注治疗间质性膀胱炎（IC）的疗效。方法该组10例IC患者均为女性。平均年龄36岁。平均病程30个月。所有患者在麻醉下行膀胱镜检加水扩张,次日均使用肝素钠10^5u加入无菌生理盐水20mL膀胱灌注,完成治疗后以O’Leary-Sant间质性膀胱炎症状评分（ICSI）、每日排尿次数及最大膀胱容量作为疗效评判标准,观察治疗前后患者各项指标情况。结果10例患者按照疗程治疗后随访4-12个月,平均7.5个月,症状缓解4例,症状显著缓解或消失6例;O’Leary-Sant ICSI治疗前为（12.5±4.9）分,平均治疗7个月后降为（6.5±2.3）分（P〈0.01）;治疗前患者平均排尿次数为（14.9±2.6）次／d,完成治疗后患者排尿次数减少至（7.8±2.8）次／d（P〈0.01）;膀胱最大容量治疗前为（73±10）mL,治疗后为（260±56）mL（P〈0.01）。治疗期间发生轻微肉眼血尿2例。结论膀胱水扩张联合肝素膀胱灌注治疗可有效缓解间质性膀胱炎患者症状,提高生活质量,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

膀胱水扩张加膀胱灌注治疗间质性膀胱炎疗效观察

目的膀胱水扩张加膀胱灌注治疗间质性膀胱炎(interstitial cystitis,IC)的临床疗效观察。方法对6例间质性膀胱炎患者行膀胱水扩张及膀胱灌注,分析治疗前、治疗12周后、治疗6个月后间质性膀胱炎症状指数(interstitial cystitissym ptomatic in-dex,ICSI)和问题指数(interstitial cystitis problem index,ICPI)。结果 6例患者均获得满意随访,疗效显著2例、有效3例、无效1例,总有效率为83.3%(5/6)。治疗12周后及治疗6个月后ICSI和ICPI评分均较治疗前明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论膀胱水扩张联合大剂量肝素、碳酸氢钠及利多卡因膀胱灌注治疗间质性膀胱炎具有创伤小、临床疗效显著、价格低廉等优点,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

肉毒素联合膀胱灌注治疗间质性膀胱炎

目的:评价肉毒素注射联合肝素、利多卡因、碳酸氢钠膀胱灌注治疗间质性膀胱炎的疗效。方法:将20例间质性膀胱炎患者随机分为两组,联合组在麻醉下行膀胱内200 U肉毒素多点注射,3 d后行2%利多卡因8 mL、肝素37 500万U、5%碳酸氢钠5 mL膀胱灌注,每周1次,治疗周期1个月;透明质酸钠组膀胱灌注每周1次,治疗周期1个月,并对疗效进行随访。结果:随访1年,透明质酸钠组症状评分、问题评分、日排尿次数、最大膀胱容量指标较治疗前未发现明显改善(P0.05);联合组以上指标较治疗前均有明显改善(P0.05)。结论:肉毒素联合肝素、利多卡因、碳酸氢钠膀胱灌注治疗间质性膀胱炎,疗效明显优于透明质酸钠,该治疗方案值得进一步临床推广应用。     

膀胱灌注RTX治疗间质性膀胱炎的临床研究

目的:探讨膀胱灌注辣椒辣素类似物(resiniferatoxin,RTX)治疗间质性膀胱炎(interstitial cystitis,IC)的有效性和安全性.方法:56例间质性膀胱炎患者行RTX一次性膀胱灌注治疗.观察用药前及用药后1周、1个月、3个月时患者的临床症状情况(每日排尿次数、最大排尿容量、尿痛程度评分)和O'Leary-Sant问质性膀胱炎问卷表评分及生活质量评分(QOL)情况.并记录不良反应发生情况.结果:①患者用药后1周、1个月、3个月时每日排尿次数明显减少(用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M和3 M的每日排尿次数:28.41±10.77 vs 15.30±4.77、15.63±3.70和17.19±4.06),最大排尿容量增加[用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M和3 M的最大排尿容量为:124.26±79.31 vs 187.41±67.46、188.89±62.35和161.85±65.11(ml)],疼痛程度评分明显下降(用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M和3 M的疼痛程度评分为:6.74±1.38 vs 3.89±1.15、4.63±1.31和4.85±1.67),与用药前相比,差异具有统计学意义.②患者用药后1周、1个月、3个月时O'Leary-Sant评分和生活质量评分与用药前相比(O'Leary-Sant评分:用药前vs用药后1 W,1 M,3 M为27.93±4.03 vs 28.04±6.69,27.44±3.89,27.96±4.13;生活质量评分:用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M、3 M为5.52±0.51 vs 5.30±0.47、5.33±0.56、5.44±0.51),比较差异无统计学意义.③所有患者均坚持完成试验,无一例退出.使用RTX后患者生命体征均平稳,其中20例有轻度或中度膀胱或尿道刺激症状,可以耐受,1～3天后均自行消失,无全身不良反应.结论:用RTX膀胱灌注治疗能有效缓解间质性膀胱炎的临床症状和改善其生活质量,且耐受性及安全性好.     

膀胱灌注透明质酸钠治疗间质性膀胱炎的临床研究

部刺激症状,无全身不良反应. 结论 透明质酸钠膀胱灌注治疗能有效缓解IC患者的临床症状,改善生活质量,患者耐受性及安全性好.     

间质性膀胱炎

间质性膀胱炎是一种泌尿外科常见病、其病因复杂，疗效欠佳，近年来国外倍受关注，本文就该病的病因，诊断及治疗进展作一综述。     

间质性膀胱炎诊断及治疗

间质性膀胱炎(interstitial cystitis,IC)是一种临床常见的、慢性的、严重的膀胱壁炎症.表现为尿频、尿急和严重的下腹或会阴区疼痛.临床诊治困难.该病好发于中年,女性多于男性.对IC的认识已经历100年历史,但人们对该病的定义、病因、病理乃至流行病学等研究迄今仍尚不明了.目前主要有以下几种学说:感染因素,黏膜上皮通透性改变,肥大细胞浸润,神经源性机制和自身免疫学说等.     

间质性膀胱炎

间质性膀胱炎(IC)是临床上一种较少见的疾病,其发病率无确切统计,以尿频、排尿困难,下腹部及尿道的疼痛为主要临床表现,女性多见。一、病因及病原学其病因不甚清楚,最近几年越来越多的研究表明本病系一自身免疫性疾病,因在某些IC病人身上用免疫学方法可查到抗膀胱粘膜的抗体,而在细菌性膀胱炎中并没有发现。Mattila于1983年在20例IC中发现70％病人出现见于自身免疫性疾病的典型血管内皮改变。Parviar也指出,IC与其它自身免疫性疾病有某些共同特点,如多发于女性(90％),常伴有SLE,类风湿性关节炎,结节性多动脉炎,硬皮病及自身免疫性甲状腺炎等。     

膀胱水扩张联合灌注树胶脂毒素治疗间质性膀胱炎的疗效分析

目的 评价使用腰麻下膀胱水扩张联合灌注树胶脂毒素(RTX)治疗间质性膀胱炎(IC)的疗效.方法 回顾性分析16例间质性膀胱炎患者,均使用腰麻下行水扩张加RTX膀胱灌注.评价治疗前、后1个月以及6个月的排尿次数,排尿量以及临床症状比较.结果 所有患者治疗前与治疗后1个月以及6个月的排尿频率、最大膀胱容量以及临床症状评分相...     

Intravesical liposome therapy for interstitial cystitis

Over the past two decades, there has been lot of interest in the use of liposomes as lipid‐based biocompatible carriers for drugs administered by the intravesical route. The lipidic bilayer structure of liposomes facilitates their adherence to the apical membrane surface of luminal cells in the bladder, and their vesicular shape allows them to co‐opt the endocytosis machinery for bladder uptake after instillation. Liposomes have been shown to enhance the penetration of both water‐soluble and insoluble drugs, toxins, and oligonucleotides across the bladder epithelium. Empty liposomes composed entirely of the endogenous phospholipid, sphingomyelin, could counter mucosal inflammation and promote wound healing in patients suffering from interstitial cystitis. Recent clinical studies have tested multilamellar liposomes composed entirely of sphingomyelin as a novel intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis. In addition, liposomes have been used as a delivery platform for the instillation of botulinum toxin in overactive bladder patients. The present review discusses the properties of liposomes that are important for their intrinsic therapeutic effect, summarizes the recently completed clinical studies with intravesical liposomes and covers the latest developments in this field.     

间质性膀胱炎16例的诊断与治疗

目的探讨间质性膀胱炎(IC)的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析16例IC患者的临床资料,患者主要表现为尿频、尿急、耻骨上疼痛和慢性盆腔疼痛,误诊为慢性膀胱炎、盆腔炎、子宫内膜异位症、膀胱结核及尿道综合征,经手术后病理或膀胱镜检查确诊,其中4例行尿流改道,2例行乙状结肠膀胱成形术,10例行药物治疗。结果4例患者行尿流改道治疗后盆腔疼痛完全消失。2例行膀胱成形术后仍有轻微会阴部不适,膀胱容量大于350 m l,分别随访24,33个月无复发。10例非手术治疗患者O′Leary-Sant间质性膀胱炎症状评分和IC问题评分分别由治疗前的(15.4±4.1)和(9.4±2.7)分,降至治疗后的(4.1±2.1)和(5.1±3.9)分。结论对IC的诊断和鉴别诊断应给予充分重视;及早诊断及多种措施联合治疗,可显著改善IC患者的症状,提高生活质量。     

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for the treatment of non-infectious chronic cystitis

Seventeen patients with non-infectious chronic cystitis (NICC) (9 with interstitial cystitis, 6 patients with radiation cystitis, 1 with chemocystitis and 1 with lupoid cystitis) were treated with electromotive administration of intravesical lidocaine and dexamethasone followed by hydrodistension of the bladder. Complete resolution of symptoms for an average of 7.5 months was observed in 11 patients (65%), partial improvement in 4 (23.5%). In this series no complications occurred. Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) and cystodistension were well tolerated by all patients. The treatment was performed on an outpatient basis, thus reducing therapeutic costs. The results presented demonstrate that the combination of EMDA and bladder hydrodistension is an effective first-line treatment for NICC patients. EDITORIAL COMMENT: Electromotive drug administration is a new therapy being evaluated by these researchers for non-infectious chronic cystitis (interstitial and radiation-induced cystitis). Traditional drugs and hydrodistension are used with the addition of this new modality. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to see if the initially good results of 65% cure can be confirmed.     

阿米替林治疗间质性膀胱炎的临床研究

目的 探讨阿米替林治疗间质性膀胱炎的有效性和安全性. 方法 采用前瞻性研究.间质性膀胱炎患者54例,病程19～72个月,平均(40.7±11.6)个月.口服阿米替林治疗,起始剂量25 mg/次,每晚1次.1周后,若症状不缓解,可加量至50 mg/次;再观察1周,若症状仍不缓解,则可加量至75 mg/次;维持能够缓解症状的最小剂量,总疗程3个月.观察用药前及用药3个月后患者的临床症状(每日排尿次数、最大排尿容量、尿痛程度评分)和O'Leary-Sant间质性膀胱炎问卷表评分及生活质量评分情况.并记录不良反应发生情况. 结果 ①用药3个月后每日排尿次数明显减少,治疗前后分别为(28.5±8.4)和(15.6±3.3)次;最大排尿容量明显增加,治疗前后分别为(108.7±62.2)和(171.0±53.9)ml;尿痛程度评分明显下降,治疗前后分别为6.4±1.5和2.2±1.5,上述指标用药前后相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).②患者用药3个月后问卷评分和生活质量评分均明显减少,治疗前后分别为26.9±4.0和13.7±5.7及5.5±0.5和2.5±0.6;用药前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).③45例在服药第1个月内有不同程度的困倦,43例1个月后自行缓解,2例由于困倦严重且不能缓解而停药.10例服药3个月后体质量增加(5.8±1.8)kg.11例有轻度便秘症状,可以耐受.9例有口干症状,可以耐受.3例出现重度排尿困难,停药后改为其他方法治疗. 结论 阿米替林口服治疗能有效缓解间质性膀胱炎患者的临床症状,改善生活质量,且耐受性及安全性好.     

膀胱水扩张联合灌注树胶脂毒素治疗间质性膀胱炎的疗效分析

目的 评价使用腰麻下膀胱水扩张联合灌注树胶脂毒素(RTX)治疗间质性膀胱炎(IC)的疗效.方法 回顾性分析16例间质性膀胱炎患者,均使用腰麻下行水扩张加RTX膀胱灌注.评价治疗前、后1个月以及6个月的排尿次数,排尿量以及临床症状比较.结果 所有患者治疗前与治疗后1个月以及6个月的排尿频率、最大膀胱容量以及临床症状评分相比,均有明显改善差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).16例患者中14位患者有不同程度的症状改善.2例患者的临床症状消失或明显改善.结论 RTX膀胱灌注以及膀胱水扩张对于间质性膀胱炎是短期内安全有效改善症状的治疗方法.     

Pentosanpolysulphate for interstitial cystitis

Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology which primarily affects women aged 40–60 years. Many plausible theories for the development of IC have been postulated, and one current theory is that these patients have a quantitative and qualitative defect in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer of the urothelium. Such a defect may allow toxic substances in the urine to gain access to the lamina propria and initiate a chronic inflammatory process. Pentosanpolysulphate (PPS) is a sulphated proteoglycan similar in structure to heparin sulphate, which is quantitatively the major GAG on cell surfaces. Exogenously administered PPS has been shown in several studies to decrease bladder pain and urinary frequency and to increase the voided volume. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of PPS in the management of IC patients, with particular emphasis on dosage, route of administration and combination with other compounds.     

Histological changes in interstitial cystitis

Various aspects of the histological appearance of the bladder wall in interstitial cystitis have been emphasized over the 75 years since Hunner described the condition. The major focus of interest in this disease during the last decade has been the study of the relative significance of detrusor mastocytosis. Although this was for some years considered pivotal in establishing a diagnosis of interstitial cystitis, most recent studies have not shown mastocytosis to be a consistent feature of the disease. The histological picture of this condition is now considered to be that of a chronic inflammatory infiltrate of the lamina propria, possibly with fibrosis of the detrusor or lamina propria. The authors attempted to determine if there is a correlation between the severity of inflammation and fibrosis, and detrusor mastocytosis, on initial biopsy and the response of symptoms to conservative treatment. Of 39 patients, 10 required major surgical intervention. Although not reaching statistical significance, most cases with mild disease responded to conservative management. However, over 50% of cases showing severe histological disease also responded well to this type of treatment. Histological assessment of the interstitial cystitis bladder is more useful in ruling out other diseases than in allowing the demonstration of specifical diagnostic features of this condition. A severely abnormal microscopic picture does not necessarily indicate a poor prognosis.     

Efficacy of oral doxepin and piroxicam treatment for interstitial cystitis

OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy of a multidrug oral treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant agent doxepin and the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor piroxicam in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC), who had failed standard therapy in an open, prospective, nonrandomized study. METHODS: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with IC received 75 mg doxepin and 40 mg piroxicam daily. The treatment was termed DOXCAM. Effectiveness of therapy was assessed with frequency-volume charts, an IC symptom score and with cystometry prior to treatment, 8 weeks after the start and 4 weeks after termination of drug treatment. RESULTS: Medication was not tolerated by five patients. Twenty-six of 32 patients have experienced virtual total remission of symptoms (81%) and six patients had significant relief (19%). DOXCAM treatment resulted in a significant percent decrease in pain (65% versus 21%). Daytime frequency decreased from 17.6+/-5.7 to 11.3+/-3.6 voids while nocturia did not improve significantly. Twenty-three of the 26 patients who became symptom free and four of the six patients who showed significant improvement had a return of symptoms after cessation of therapy. CONCLUSION: It is reasonable to consider oral treatment with DOXCAM in those patients who have failed first-line therapies.