生态建筑在我国西部小城镇规划中的应用研究——以安仁镇为例

本文从全球生态环境危机和我国西部小城镇的特征上分析了生态建筑应用的重要性与发展前景,并且从生态建筑设计的手法、布局等方面阐述了其在我国西部小城镇规划中应用的方法,提出了小城镇规划以人为核心,以构建可持续发展的和谐人居环境为其重要目的的观点。     

遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用

介绍总结了近年来遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用与进展，以若干应用实例阐明了遥感技术在实现对自然灾害进行宏观、实时、动态、连续监测中不可替代的作用；在对我国灾害遥感的应用现状进行了分析之后，发现灾前预测工作有所不足；指出遥感技术将进一步同地理信息系统技术和全球定位系统技术相结合，在防灾减灾工作中发挥愈来愈重要的作用。     

小城镇环境保护规划存在的问题与对策

根据全国生态环境保护“十五”计划要求,在计划期间力争60％的小城镇完成环境保护规划,广西小城镇由于经济发展不平衡,部分小城镇还比较落后,且存在较多的环境问题,目前小城镇的环境保护规划尚未得到有效的开展,因此应及时找出问题和差距,并根据存在的问题作出相应的对策,在计划期内是可以完成小城镇环境保护规划的目标,为广西小城镇的可待续发展提供环境保障。     

重庆市某小城镇地表水污染控制及可持续发展规划研究

以重庆市渝西地区某小城镇环境规划为例，分析了该镇地表水存在的污染问题，并迎合该镇可持续发展的需要，制定了一系列地表水污染控制规划方案，分析了规划方案的环境效益。     

抓农村环保工作推动小城镇发展

东安是一个农业县，现有农业人口 ５１万人，占总人口的８９％，农业总产值８３８０６万元，占国内生产总值的３８％。多年来，我们把小城镇作为农村环保工作的切入点，搞好小城镇的各项建设及环境保护，对推动农村环境保护工作和农村经济持续健康发展起到了重要的作用。 一、加强法律法规宣传，提高小城镇意识 广大农村通过小城镇与外界进行着物质与信息交流。小城镇在其形成与发展过程中，由于受小农经济的影响，表现出建设无规划、布局欠合理、排污管网混乱、随意抛弃固体废物，严重缺乏环保意识。十一届三中全会以后，随着农村经济的发…     

试论小城镇建设与环境保护的统一规划和发展

作者认为小城镇作为城乡的结合部,与大中城市相比,有着更加优越的自然环境条件。如果注意小城镇在规划、建设、管理中的科学性和合理性,搞好环境保护,就能推动小城镇经济发展和文化的繁荣。为此,应抓好以下几点:     

小城镇发展指数综合测评——以重庆市潼南县为例

以重庆市潼南县为研究区,揭示影响小城镇发展的主要因素,测算各小城镇发展指数,为科学编制城镇体系发展规划,推进县域城镇协调发展提供参考.采用居民抽样调查法、文献检阅法和GIS技术建立综合测评数据库,运用多因素综合评价法、聚类分析法测算小城镇发展指数.研究表明:①基础设施、对外交通、公共服务是影响小城镇生产生活适宜度的重要因子;②根据潼南县小城镇发展水平综合测评和聚类分析结果,结合潼南县小城镇空间组织共扼关系,构建了潼南县小城镇发展序列;③在资源有限配置的条件下,应科学有序地推进小城镇发展,将有限的资源投入重点小城镇,促进资源的有效利用.同时,要依据小城镇发展水平综合测评的结果,有针对性地加快一般小城镇的基础设施建设,提高公共服务水平,促进县域经济社会和谐发展.     

“3S”技术在环境保护中的应用及展望

介绍了遥感技术、环境地理信息系统、全球定位系统（简称“3S”）在环境保护方面的应用，并展望在不久的将来，“3S”技术会在环境保护中的应用范围得以不断扩大。     

小城镇规划中的可持续发展能力评价研究——以临沂市崔家峪镇为例

介绍了小城镇规划可持续发展能力评价的程序和距离函数模型，制订了崔家峪镇可持续发展评价指标体系，并运用距离函数模型对崔家峪镇可持续发展进行定量评价。结果表明，该镇可持续发展能力较强、但要加强环境建设。针对研究结果，提出了今后的发展对策。     

小城镇污水处理存在的问题及对策建议

从我国小城镇水污染现状出发，分析了小城镇污水处理目前存在对污水处理认识不足、缺乏相应资金支持、运行模式落后和相关政策法规不完善等问题；对小城镇污水处理发展提出了对策建议。     

基于RS的农业生产方式变化对区域景观生态的影响分析——以新疆玛纳斯县农业为例

21世纪初的玛纳斯县域土地利用面临新的政策和技术背景,采用遥感技术对2000年和2005年玛纳斯县域人类主要活动区各类景观进行比对分析,发现研究区内耕地、城镇景观面积出现大幅增长,林地、草地景观面积显著下降,“农林”、“农草”争水、争地的矛盾逐渐激化,水资源的供需处于“紧平衡”状态,区域景观生态系统的多样性、稳定性降低。分析表明农业产业组织形式的创新和农业节水灌溉技术的突破是玛纳斯县域景观生态变化的关键因子。     

气候遥感解译法在区域气候研究中的应用

运用遥感手段进行气候资源普查和生态气候类型的划分,是现代应用气候的一种新的研究方法,也是遥感技术应用的一个新领域。研究实践证明,遥感技术对于下垫面气候研究具有独特的功能,特别是对地方气候分析提供了新的内容和手段。本文以内蒙古兴安盟科右中旗和突泉县为列,对气候遥感解译法进行初步分析和概述,以促进该研究法在区域气候研究中更广泛地推广和应用。     

ASSESSMENT OF REMOTE SENSING INPUT TO HYDROLOGIC MODELS1

Remotely sensed variables such as land cover type and snow-cover extent can currently be used directly and effectively in a few specific hydrologic models. Regression models can also be developed using physiographic and snow-cover data to permit estimation of discharge characteristics over extended periods such as a season or year. Most models, however, are not of an appropriate design to readily accept as input the various types of remote sensing parameters that can be obtained now or in the future. Because this new technology has the potential for producing hydrologic data that has significant information content on an areal basis, both inexpensively and repetitively, effort should be devoted now to either modifying existing models or developing new models that can use these data. Minor modifications would at least allow the remote sensing data to be used in an ancillary way to update the model state variables, whereas major structural modifications or new models would permit direct input of the data through remote sensing compatible algorithms. Although current remote sensing inputs to hydrologic models employ only visible and near infrared data, model modification or development should accommodate microwave and thermal infrared data that will be more widely available in the future.     

基于RS与GIS的规划用地生态适宜性评价

利用遥感影像获取研究区土地利用类型,并运用GIS空间分析功能,分析了影响开发区规划用地生态适宜性的7个因子,并以此对生态适宜性进行综合评价,得到了定量化的评价结果,为区域规划奠定了基础。     

The Area Production Model: a tool and concept for sustainable land-use and forest-resource management

In developing countries, planning in the forestry sector has been seen as an appropriate instrument to prepare and implement government policies and programs. Despite its potential and recent advancements in, for example, remote sensing and infrastructure, tropical forest land-use planning is often formal and non-integrated with agriculture. It rarely involves all legitimate stakeholders and neglects taking into account actual land-use. The socio-economic and environmental consequences of these shortcomings emphasise the need for alternative ways of approaching planning. This article summarises the idea, structure and current status of the Area Production Model (APM), originally developed in the 1980s, which is now gaining interest as a land-use planning tool in Africa and Asia. It describes the development over time of production and consumption in agriculture and forestry within a defined geographical area operating under different assumptions on management, land use and socio-economic and macro-economic changes. From a narrow perspective, the APM is a fairly simple computerised tool for generating scenarios. In a broad sense, it is a concept comprising the whole planning process including organisation, inventory, data analysis, consensus building and strategy. A case-study in Laos, based on verified data for a historical period of 45 years, and a review of different APM applications in the world over the last 15 years are presented as a base for conclusions about its potential and shortcomings. In some cases where the APM concept was used in training courses and planning exercises involving stakeholders, it generated a strong interest in collecting and analysing relevant information. It provides the means of addressing a number of shortcomings in current planning.     

遥感技术在油田开发建设项目景观生态评价中的应用

在油田开发建设项目的环境影响评价中,使用遥感技术,将卫星遥感影像数据进行分类处理,结合传统生态学中计算植被优势度值的方法,对油田开发过程中的景观生态进行了评价,取得了较好的效果。简要介绍了该技术的功能特点及应用实例。应用结果表明:遥感技术是对油田开发建设项目景观进行生态评价的重要手段,可以取得真实、可信的评价结果。     

SELECTING RECONNAISSANCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODPLAIN SURVEYS1

ABSTRACT: Multispectral aircraft and satellite data over the West Branch of the Susquehanna River were analyzed to evaluate potential contributions of remote sensing to floodplain surveys. Multispectral digital classifications of land cover features indicative of floodplain areas were used by interpreters to locate various floodprone area boundaries. The boundaries thus obtained were found to be more striking and continuous in the Landsat data than in the low altitude aircraft data. The digital approach permitted satellite results to be displayed at 1:24,000 scale and aircraft results at even larger scales. Results indicate that remote sensing techniques can delineate floodprone areas more easily in agricultural and limited development areas than in areas covered by a heavy forest canopy. At this time it appears that the remote sensing data would be best used as a form of preliminary planning information or as an internal check on previous or ongoing floodplain studies. In addition, the remote sensing techniques can assist in effectively monitoring floodplain activities after a community enters into the National Flood Insurance Program.     

The value of site-specific information and the environment: technology adoption and pesticide use under uncertainty

Remote sensing technology offers an opportunity to significantly increase the amount of site-specific information about field characteristics such as pest populations. Coupled with variable rate application technologies, this added information has the potential to provide environmental benefits through reduced pesticide applications. However, producers face a complicated adoption decision because output prices and crop yields are uncertain. A model is developed to examine the potential value of remote sensing information to pesticide applications in an option-value framework under uncertainty. Simulations suggest that remote sensing information could decrease pesticide use, but uncertainty and irreversibility are likely to limit technological adoption by farmers. Potential cost-share subsidies are discussed.     

Remote sensing for land management and planning

The primary role of remote sensing in land management and planning has been to provide information concerning the physical characteristics of the land which influence the management of individual land parcels or the allocation of lands to various uses These physical characteristics have typically been assessed through aerial photography, which is used to develop resource maps and to monitor changing environmental conditions These uses are well developed and currently well integrated into the planning infrastructure at local, state, and federal levels in the United States.Many newly emerging uses of remote sensing involve digital images which are collected, stored, and processed automatically by electromechanical scanning devices and electronic computers Some scanning devices operate from aircraft or spacecraft to scan ground scenes directly; others scan conventional aerial transparencies to yield digital images. Digital imagery offers the potential for computer-based automated map production, a process that can significantly increase the amount and timeliness of information available to land managers and planners.Future uses of remote sensing in land planning and management will involve geographic information systems, which store resource information in a geocoded format. Geographic information systems allow the automated integration of disparate types of resource data through various types of spatial models so that with accompanying sample ground data, information in the form of thematic maps and/ or aerially aggregated statistics can be produced Key issues confronting the development and integration of geographic information systems into planning pathways are restoration and rectification of digital images, automated techniques for combining both quantitative and qualitative types of data in information-extracting procedures, and the compatibility of alternative data storage modes