北京市智力残疾人康复需求分析

目的调查北京市智力残疾人的康复需求情况。方法以第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中北京市738名智力残疾人为研究对象,调查其康复现状与需求。结果63.69%的智力残疾人需要社区和家庭服务,73.31%需要康复训练与服务;智力残疾人的医疗服务需求能基本得到满足,但康复训练需求远高于得到的服务,辅助器具需求很低,就业安置需求较高。结论应建立智力残疾人个案管理系统,多途径地满足不同年龄和残疾程度智力残疾人的康复需求。     

北京市肢体残疾人康复需求分析

目的 考察北京市肢体残疾人的康复需求情况.方法 以3006年全国残疾人抽样调查中北京市2390名肢体残疾人为研究对象,调查其康复现状与需求.结果 在康复形式上,54.85%的残疾人需要机构康复.38.20%的残疾人需要社区和家庭康复,6.95%的残疾人需要延伸服务(上门服务);康复内容方面.41.06%的残疾人需要医疗服务,30.70%的残疾人需要康复训练与服务,28.24%的残疾人需要辅助器具.结论 北京市肢体残疾人的康复需求多,需要采取多种措施解决.     

中国残疾人康复需求与发展研究

目的研究中国残疾人的主要康复需求和康复服务发展状况。方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中康复需求与发展状况的数据进行统计分析,并就2006年至2016年中国残疾人事业发展统计公报有关康复的数据进行分析研究。结果我国残疾人的康复需求主要包括:医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务、贫困残疾人救助、无障碍设施、信息无障碍和其他康复需求。需求最高的是医疗服务与救助(34.84%)和贫困残疾人救助(33.25%)。不同残疾类别残疾人在康复需求上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=40322.1,P0.01)。在我国各类残疾中,有约41.46%的残疾人未曾接受过任何服务和救助,接受最多的服务是医疗服务与救助(30.45%),接受最少的是信息无障碍(0.55%)。专家为各类残疾人提供的康复形式建议主要集中在机构康复和社区与家庭服务;专家建议医疗服务作为精神残疾类(68.18%)和视力残疾类(60.28%)的主要康复内容,辅助器具作为听力残疾类(51.67%)的主要康复内容,康复训练与服务作为智力残疾类(57.36%)和言语残疾类(47.06%)的主要康复内容。不同残疾类别残疾人在专家为其提供的康复形式和康复内容上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=12489.9,χ~2=52528.93,P0.01)。结论中国残疾人的康复需求主要表现为医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务和贫困残疾人救助,不同类别残疾人康复需求存在差异;残疾人接受最多的是医疗服务与救助;中国残疾人得到的贫困残疾人救助与其需求差距最大;专家为不同类别残疾人建议的康复形式和康复内容存在差异。建议构建国家和地方康复政策支持体系和康复服务治理架构;以残疾人的康复需求为导向,提供精准康复服务;建立综合性康复服务体系,实现人人享有基本康复服务的目标;大力培养专业康复人员,提升康复服务提供能力和水平;运用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》开展康复科学研究,为促进康复事业发展提供科学支持。     

重庆市智力残疾人康复情况分析

目的：了解重庆市智力残疾人的康复状况及其主要需求。方法：以重庆市第二次全国残疾人抽样调查确定的401例智力残疾人为研究对象,按智力残疾的分级进行评定,包括残疾人基本情况、致残原因、康复形式、康复内容、曾接受服务及主要需求等。结果：智力残疾人主要康复形式为社区和家庭服务,主要康复内容为康复训练与服务;主要需求是贫困救助与扶持。结论：加强社区医疗机构建设,提高社区医疗机构的医疗质量及康复训练与服务,是改善智力残疾人生存质量、减少残疾人数的重要手段。     

广州市残疾人康复需求调查分析

目的分析广州市六类残疾人的康复需求及影响因素。方法对全国第二次残疾人抽样调查中,广州地区符合残疾评定标准的633例残疾人进行康复医疗、康复训练指导、心理辅导、康复知识宣传、残疾人用品用具及转介服务六个方面的康复需求调查。结果633例残疾人中629例有康复需求,总康复需求率为99.36%,其中康复医疗需求337例(52.24%)、康复训练指导需求219例(34.60%)、心理辅导需求63例(9.95%)、康复知识宣传需求78例(12.32%)、残疾人用品用具需求210例(33.17%)、转介服务需求95例(15.00%)。结论应根据不同年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、残疾类别和残疾程度的残疾人有不同康复需求的特点,在社区内提供相应的康复服务和转介服务,满足各类残疾人的康复需求。     

广东省残疾人社会参与状况与康复需求的关系

目的对广东省各类残疾人的社会参与状况与康复需求的调查数据进行分析,探讨各类残疾人不同程度社会参与状况与康复需求的关系,并提出相应的康复对策。 方法采用广东省第2次全国残疾人抽样调查中残疾人社会参与评定的分项目,以及个人主要需求的调查数据进行等级资料比较的统计处理。 结果听力、视力、肢体、智力残疾人不同社会参与状况在本人主要需求上的构成比差异有统计学意义,而言语、精神残疾人不同社会参与状况在本人主要需求的构成比差异无统计学意义。各类残疾人不同社会参与状况相对应的康复需求以医疗服务及救助、辅助器具配送和康复功能训练及服务为主。 结论各类残疾人不同社会参与状况与康复需求的差异不尽相同,主要集中在医疗服务及救助、辅助器具配送和康复功能训练及服务等基本医疗和社会的需求方面,可为采取相应的康复对策提供依据。     

上海郊县残疾人康复需求与服务现状分析

目的了解上海郊县残疾人康复需求及服务现状。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取崇明县新河镇,用问卷调查方式对该镇1128名持证残疾人进行康复服务需求与服务利用现状进行调查。结果郊县残疾人康复服务需求实现率为81.3%,但不同需求的实现率间差异较大;康复支付形式仍以“全额自付”为主,“医疗救助”程度较低;残疾人辅助器具相关服务需求实现率仅约4%。结论应拓展康复服务救助水平,进一步提高康复需求实现率,平衡发展残疾人康复服务,同步提高各类康复需求实现率,加强残疾人辅助器具供应、使用与维修服务的全程管理,满足残疾人的康复需求。     

不同残疾类型成年人的社会经济状况与康复服务利用的相关性

目的分析社会经济状况对不同残疾类型成年残疾人使用康复服务的影响。方法选取第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中非多重残疾的成年残疾人数据,分析各类型残疾人中教育程度、人均家庭收入与康复服务利用的相关性,控制变量包括性别、年龄、城乡、婚姻状态和残疾等级。结果我国成年残疾人康复训练与服务的使用率为2.98%～15.97%。城镇各类残疾人康复训练与服务的使用率均高于乡村(χ2 26.30, P 0.001)。多元回归显示,教育程度总体上是使用康复训练与服务的促进因素,但对不同类型残疾人影响不同;人均家庭收入在部分类型残疾人中是促进因素,部分类型残疾人中是阻碍因素,部分无显著影响。结论我国成年残疾人康复服务使用急需提升。影响成年残疾人使用康复服务的因素,不同类型残疾人有各自特点,应制定有针对性的政策,提升成年残疾人对康复服务的使用。     

智力残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况研究

目的探讨智力残疾人的康复需求与康复服务发展状况,为开展智力残疾人精准康复服务工作提供支持。方法采用河南省2016年度全国残疾人基本服务状况和需求实名制专项调查数据,对其中167,872名智力残疾人,从医疗服务与救助、辅助器具和康复训练3个方面进行分析。结果 56.4%智力残疾人有康复需求,且不同年龄、户口性质和残疾等级的智力残疾人,康复需求有非常高度显著差异(χ2 976.42, P 0.001)。受人口统计学变量、家庭经济状况、交通状况、对相关知识和信息的了解等因素影响,仅有19.0%智力残疾人获得康复服务。结论智力残疾人康复服务需求大,康复服务覆盖率低。要加大对智力残疾人康复服务的供给,制定精准康复服务实施方案,提高智力残疾人康复服务质量。     

智力残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况Logistic回归分析研究

目的探讨智力残疾人的康复需求特点与康复服务发展状况及其影响因素。方法以250654名智力残疾人省级康复需求与康复服务实名制数据为样本数据,统计分析智力残疾人的康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况,Logistic回归分析其相关因素。结果在智力残疾人的康复需求报告中,报告率从高到低依次为护理47.8%、药物37.2%、功能训练26.1%、辅助器具19.8%和手术1.3%。智力残疾人报告获得的康复服务从高到低依次为护理43.5%、药物29.3%、功能训练27.2%、辅助器具19.6%和手术0.8%。根据Logistic回归模型发现,年龄和残疾等级对智力残疾人康复需求的报告与获得康复服务的概率存在显著影响(P<0.001)。结论智力残疾人康复需求主要表现为护理、药物和康复训练。接受的康复服务与康复需求具有相同的结构。由于智力残疾人功能的复杂性,重度或极重度残疾人更强调护理照料服务,轻度残疾人则需要功能训练。发展针对智力残疾人的康复服务,应该根据其智力功能和社会适应行为特点,开发康复服务项目,提供个别化的精准康复服务。     

上海城区残疾人康复需求与服务现状分析

目的了解上海城区残疾人康复服务需求与服务现状。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法随机抽取上海市闸北区芷江街道,用问卷调查方式对该街道1074名持证残疾人的康复服务需求与服务利用现状进行调查。结果城区残疾人康复服务需求实现率为87.8%,90%的残疾人满意所获得的康复服务;33.3%-44.0%的残疾人其“辅助器具”服务需求得到实现;手术治疗、听力语言训练和视功能训练需求实现率分别为63.8%、82.2%和78.7%。结论应构建残疾人康复救助政策体系,加大辅助器具服务工作力度,加大对手术治疗、听力语言训练和视功能训练等服务的专业技术支撑。     

A research study into the requirements of disabled residents for rehabilitation services in Beijing

Purpose.?Rehabilitation services need strengthening further. This study explores a sample of the population in Beijing in order to establish the extent of medical impairments and disabilities. It describes the present utilization of rehabilitation by different economic groups of the population and also explores the attitudes of these same groups to the concepts inherent in rehabilitation. The conclusions are that a considerable information program is needed to help people with disabilities to access and utilize services appropriately. Finally, it concludes that the present Rehabilitation Services need to be professionally improved and expanded.

Background.?In China, the spectrum of disease is changing, along with the development of society, and progress in science and technology. The requirements of people for medical rehabilitation following major accidents, and acute or chronic disease, leading to disability and handicap, increase year by year. This is especially so now, with the added geriatric problems of an aging population. At present, rehabilitation services and resources within this country are limited. It is difficult to meet the immediate or long-term needs of disabled persons. Recently, there have been many national publications describing the requirements and discussing those factors which influence Rehabilitation Service provision, but much of this discussion has been theoretically based, rather than facing practical issues. We can find no studies describing the nature and extent of disabling disorders in the Beijing population and, in particular, few formal studies relating the provision of rehabilitation services to that population in need of this essential management process. We have therefore carried out a survey-based study to demonstrate the present rehabilitation service requirements for disabled residents in some typical Beijing urban districts. We have also looked at those factors which influence clients to accept the various services which are available to them at present. This will, we suggest, provide an epidemiological and demographic analysis with data on which to base future policies for government services to best meet these requirements.

Method.?A series of comprehensive questionnaires were designed, in order to investigate the demographic characters, health conditions, knowledge of rehabilitation services, and social status of the interviewees. Some 460 disabled residents from three districts in the city of Beijing were selected. They were randomized, with multi-stage cluster sampling for in-house survey.

Results.?Some 74.78% of interviewees expressed a need for rehabilitation, at different levels, but only 26.73% received any services. Factors influencing requests for community rehabilitation services for disabled residents in Beijing included income, nature of disability, awareness of rehabilitation services and the nature of services supplied. The expressed needs for rehabilitation services by disabled residents in communities in Beijing urban districts are real, and are largely unmet. Only a few of the disabled received any services. Factors influencing disabled residents' abilities to access rehabilitation service, included the nature and degree of disability, the economic status of the residents, the quality and nature of the rehabilitation programs and treatment available, and the knowledge by clients of the existence and availability of these services.

Conclusion.?More effective measures need to be taken to make the appropriate Rehabilitation Services more available to community residents with medical disabilities.     

需求评估对辅助器具补助政策的启示

目的通过残疾人需求评估分析年龄、残疾类别、残疾等级三者与辅助器具需求之间的关系，为辅助器具配送和补助政策的制定提供科学化建议。方法由专业评估人员对对深圳市六个区928名新持证残疾人进行康复需求评估，并录入ACCESS数据库进行统计分析。结果不同残疾类别对辅助器具的需求率依次为：视力残疾78%、听力残疾76%、肢体残疾74%，言语、智力和精神残疾的需求率均较低；视力、听力和肢体残疾人不同年龄段对辅助器具的需求不同；视力、听力、肢体残疾不同等级中，视力残疾越轻需求率越高，听力二级残疾需求率最高，肢体一、二级残疾需求率均较高。结论在制定残疾人辅助器具配送补助政策时，需考虑残疾类别、残疾者年龄和残疾等级，针对不同年龄段的康复目标配送辅助器具，根据残疾等级配送必要数量的辅助器具。     

28例言语障碍的康复治疗

应用北京医科大学编制的汉语失语检查法对28名言语障碍患者进行检查，并针对不同类型言语障碍制订不同的治疗计划，如采用放松疗法、发音器官运动训练、呼吸训练、发青训练及语音矫正等言语训练法，辅以高压氧、物理治疗、针灸、推拿和心理治疗。结果表明：言语障碍的康复效果与病因、损伤部位、病灶大小、程度、性别、年龄、方言、治疗时机、治疗量、患者配合程度及经济状况等因素有关。     

Rehabilitation psychology: Meeting the needs of individuals with acquired disabilities in Ireland

Purpose. The current articles reviews the epidemiology of disability in Ireland, discusses the political and social factors which have increased focus on disability issues and offers training guidelines for rehabilitation psychology based on those of the APA's Rehabilitation Psychology Division.

Rationale. With the growing number of individuals with acquired (vs developmental) disabilities in Ireland, there is increased recognition of the need to train psychologists to assist persons with acquired disabilities (e.g. spinal cord injury, acquired brain injury, stroke, etc.) in adjusting to their impairments, reintegrating back into their communities and reducing the long-term financial costs associated with disability.

Conclusion. Social and political factors suggest that the time is right to develop rehabilitation psychology as a specialty in Ireland given the increased focus on disability in Ireland, including recently passed disability legislation (i.e. 2005 Disability Bill), international events (e.g. 2003 Dublin World Special Olympics) and increases in rehabilitation training programmes (i.e. medicine; physio, occupational and speech therapy).     

Rehabilitation psychology: meeting the needs of individuals with acquired disabilities in Ireland

Purpose. The current articles reviews the epidemiology of disability in Ireland, discusses the political and social factors which have increased focus on disability issues and offers training guidelines for rehabilitation psychology based on those of the APA's Rehabilitation Psychology Division.

Rationale. With the growing number of individuals with acquired (vs developmental) disabilities in Ireland, there is increased recognition of the need to train psychologists to assist persons with acquired disabilities (e.g. spinal cord injury, acquired brain injury, stroke, etc.) in adjusting to their impairments, reintegrating back into their communities and reducing the long-term financial costs associated with disability.

Conclusion. Social and political factors suggest that the time is right to develop rehabilitation psychology as a specialty in Ireland given the increased focus on disability in Ireland, including recently passed disability legislation (i.e. 2005 Disability Bill), international events (e.g. 2003 Dublin World Special Olympics) and increases in rehabilitation training programmes (i.e. medicine; physio, occupational and speech therapy).     

A research study into the requirements of disabled residents for rehabilitation services in Beijing

Purpose. Rehabilitation services need strengthening further. This study explores a sample of the population in Beijing in order to establish the extent of medical impairments and disabilities. It describes the present utilization of rehabilitation by different economic groups of the population and also explores the attitudes of these same groups to the concepts inherent in rehabilitation. The conclusions are that a considerable information program is needed to help people with disabilities to access and utilize services appropriately. Finally, it concludes that the present Rehabilitation Services need to be professionally improved and expanded.

Background. In China, the spectrum of disease is changing, along with the development of society, and progress in science and technology. The requirements of people for medical rehabilitation following major accidents, and acute or chronic disease, leading to disability and handicap, increase year by year. This is especially so now, with the added geriatric problems of an aging population. At present, rehabilitation services and resources within this country are limited. It is difficult to meet the immediate or long-term needs of disabled persons. Recently, there have been many national publications describing the requirements and discussing those factors which influence Rehabilitation Service provision, but much of this discussion has been theoretically based, rather than facing practical issues. We can find no studies describing the nature and extent of disabling disorders in the Beijing population and, in particular, few formal studies relating the provision of rehabilitation services to that population in need of this essential management process. We have therefore carried out a survey-based study to demonstrate the present rehabilitation service requirements for disabled residents in some typical Beijing urban districts. We have also looked at those factors which influence clients to accept the various services which are available to them at present. This will, we suggest, provide an epidemiological and demographic analysis with data on which to base future policies for government services to best meet these requirements.

Method. A series of comprehensive questionnaires were designed, in order to investigate the demographic characters, health conditions, knowledge of rehabilitation services, and social status of the interviewees. Some 460 disabled residents from three districts in the city of Beijing were selected. They were randomized, with multi-stage cluster sampling for in-house survey.

Results. Some 74.78% of interviewees expressed a need for rehabilitation, at different levels, but only 26.73% received any services. Factors influencing requests for community rehabilitation services for disabled residents in Beijing included income, nature of disability, awareness of rehabilitation services and the nature of services supplied. The expressed needs for rehabilitation services by disabled residents in communities in Beijing urban districts are real, and are largely unmet. Only a few of the disabled received any services. Factors influencing disabled residents' abilities to access rehabilitation service, included the nature and degree of disability, the economic status of the residents, the quality and nature of the rehabilitation programs and treatment available, and the knowledge by clients of the existence and availability of these services.

Conclusion. More effective measures need to be taken to make the appropriate Rehabilitation Services more available to community residents with medical disabilities.