脑白质疏松相关性轻度认知功能障碍与血浆同型半胱氨酸的关系

目的 探讨脑白质疏松(LA)患者合并轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的关系.方法 选择2011年8月～2013年1月在中国医科大学附属第一医院老年病科住院的LA患者110例和非LA患者(对照组)40例.将LA患者分为MCI组(LA+MCI,60例)与认知功能正常组(LA,50例).LA患者根据Hcy水平分为低水平(Hcy<16μmol/L,31例),中间水平(16μmol/L≤Hcy≤29μmol/L,45例),高水平(Hcy≥30μmol/L组,34例).采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE),蒙特利尔认知评估中文版(MoCA)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)对各组患者进行认知功能评定.结果 与对照组相比较,LA组和LA+MCI组的Hcy水平显著升高(均为P<0.01).LA患者MoCA评分与空腹血糖水平及Hcy水平呈负相关(均为P<0.01).与Hcy低水平患者比较,中间水平和高水平患者MoCA评分值显著降低(P<0.05),且高水平患者评分值较中间水平患者更低(P<0.05).结论 LA合并MCI患者的血浆Hcy水平升高,且Hcy的水平越高、认知功能评分越低.     

高龄患者缺血性脑白质疏松进展的相关危险因素分析

目的 研究高龄(≥80岁)患者缺血性脑白质疏松(LA)进展的特点及相关危险因素.方法 经MRI证实的高龄缺血性LA患者56例,采用Rotterdam Progression Scale评分法,对患者3年的缺血性LA特点及相关危险因素的关系进行对比分析.结果 在高龄患者中缺血性LA进展特点以深部白质为主,其中以额叶进展最为明显(进展前40%升高至进展后52%),其次为顶叶(也由35%升高至36%);高同型半胱氨酸、慢性支气管炎与缺血性LA进展密切相关.结论 高龄患者中缺血性LA进展以深部白质为主,尤其以额叶进展最为明显;高同型半胱氨酸、慢性支气管炎是高龄患者缺血性LA进展的相对危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To study the features and risk factors of ischemic leukoaraiosis (LA) progression in elderly patients aged 80 years and over. Methods The 56 elderly patients with ischemic LA confirmed by MRI were enrolled in this study. The characteristics and risk factors of ischemic LA were comparatively analyzed between baseline and 3 years later by single and multi-variable logistic regression analysis. Results Ischemic LA progressed mostly in the subcortical white matter in elderly patients, especially the frontal lobes (progression of white matter lesion was present in 40% in the frontal lobes at baseline and 52% after 3 years), followed by the parietal lobes (35% at baseline and 36% after 3 years); Furthermore, previous high homocysteine (Hcy) and chronic bronchitis were risk factors of ischemic LA progression. Conclusions Ischemic LA progresses mostly in the subcortical white matter in the elderly, especially the frontal lobes; High Hcy and chronic bronchitis are risk factors of ischemic LA progression in elderly patients.     

脑白质疏松的研究进展

脑白质疏松(LA)是1987年由加拿大神经病学专家Hachinski等提出的一个影像学诊断术语,指脑室周围或皮质下脑白质的斑点状或斑片状改变.随着CT、MRI的广泛应用,其发现率逐渐增高.LA可见于阿尔茨海默病(AD)、皮层下动脉硬化性脑病、血管性痴呆、一氧化碳中毒、获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者及部分正常老年人.近年来,很多文献报道LA与认知障碍、脑卒中、心肌梗死等有密切的联系.因此进一步认识LA,及早发现LA并给予积极而有效的干预,对阻止疾病的进一步发展具有重要的临床意义.     

脑白质疏松与视网膜微血管病变的相关性

目的 通过对脑白质疏松(LA)与视网膜微血管病变(RA)危险因素的比较及相关性研究,明确小血管病变在脑白质疏松中的作用.方法 前瞻性登记入组者LA、RA情况及其年龄、性别、血压、血糖、血脂、吸烟、饮酒、纤维蛋白原、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等指标,采用多因素Logistic回归分析LA与RA的危险因素,并对二者进行相关分析.结果 LA的危险因素为年龄、血压、血糖、高胆固醇血症(TC)、hs-CRP;RA的危险因素为年龄、血压、血糖、hs-CRP.LA与RA相关系数为0.449.LA病变严重程度随着RA的升级而加重.结论 RA的危险因素同时也是LA的危险因素,提示LA是一种脑小血管病变,RA在一定程度上能够反映LA的存在及严重程度,可成为LA的预测因素.     

脑白质疏松与抑郁发生率的相关性研究

目的分析不同程度脑白质疏松(LA)与抑郁发生的相关性。方法选择经头颅MRI检查确诊的LA患者132例为LA组;同期收集132例有头痛、头晕的健康体检者为非LA组。所有患者均进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分,比较2组抑郁的发生率,并分析LA的严重程度与抑郁的相关性。结果与非LA组比较,LA组抑郁发生率明显升高(21.2%vs 62.9%,P<0.01)。与非LA组比较,LA组轻度抑郁、中度抑郁和重度抑郁汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分明显升高,差异有统计学意义[(9±2)分vs(12±2)分和(15±2)分和(21±2)分,P<0.01]。logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=9.550,95%CI:1.174².050,P=0.002)、高血压(OR=10.330,95%CI:1.4982.050,P=0.002)、高血压(OR=10.330,95%CI:1.498⁵.300,P=0.001)、腔隙性脑梗死(OR=16.514,95%CI:1.8245.300,P=0.001)、腔隙性脑梗死(OR=16.514,95%CI:1.824⁵.590,P=0.000)、LA(OR=4.933,95%CI:1.0815.590,P=0.000)、LA(OR=4.933,95%CI:1.081³.498,P=0.026)为抑郁的危险因素。结论 LA的不同严重程度与抑郁有关。     

老年脑白质疏松与脑血管狭窄的相关性研究

目的探讨老年脑白质疏松(LA)与脑血管狭窄的相关性。方法连续回顾性分析同期行头颅MRI及脑血管造影检查的短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死患者333例。采用Fazekas分级法分别对侧脑室旁LA和半卵圆中心LA进行程度分级:0级或1级为无或轻度LA,2级或3级为中重度LA。基于侧脑室旁LA严重程度分为无或轻度LA组206例,中重度LA组127例;基于半卵圆中心LA严重程度分为无或轻度LA组270例,中重度LA组63例。分别探讨侧脑室旁LA及半卵圆中心LA与脑血管狭窄的相关性。结果侧脑室旁LA:与无或轻度LA组比较,中重度LA组年龄、高血压、脑卒中、颅外动脉狭窄及前循环狭窄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);半卵圆中心LA:与无或轻度LA组比较,中重度LA组年龄、高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、颅外动脉狭窄、前循环狭窄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。校正非血管性危险因素后,logistic回归分析显示,侧脑室旁LA与颅外动脉狭窄(OR=1.653,95%CI:1.017².686,P=0.042)独立相关,半卵圆中心LA与颅外动脉狭窄无相关性(OR=1.594,95%CI:0.8822.686,P=0.042)独立相关,半卵圆中心LA与颅外动脉狭窄无相关性(OR=1.594,95%CI:0.882².879,P=0.123)。结论颅外动脉狭窄对侧脑室旁白质是否发生LA改变有独立的相关性。     

卒中患者脑白质疏松的危险因素

目的 探讨脑白质疏松(leukoaraiosis,LA)的危险因素.方法 回顾性收集卒中患者的临床和影像学资料,根据MRI结果将脑白质疏松分为脑室周围LA和皮质下LA,并进行计分和分级.结果 共纳入113例卒中患者,其中男性74例,女性39例,平均(61.33±1.32)岁.有脑室周围LA患者(n=86)的年龄[(65...     

脑白质疏松与脑出血

脑白质疏松(leukoaiois,LA)合并卒中较为常见.研究显示,LA与脑出血的发生和预后密切相关.文章对LA与原发性脑出血、抗凝和溶栓治疗后脑出血以及脑微出血的关系进行了综述.     

老年颅内动脉硬化的发生与脑白质疏松的关系

目的探讨老年患者颅内动脉硬化的发生与脑白质疏松(LA)的关系。方法在该院神经内科住院的患者中,收集符合研究条件且经头MRI检查和依据Fazekas评分确诊为LA的87例作为病例组;确诊无LA的93例作为对照组。记录TCD检查结果,包括颅内左侧各血管即大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎动脉(VA)及基底动脉(BA)的收缩期血管流速和脉动指数(PI)。结果 LA组与对照组比较,LA组患者左侧MCA、ACA、PCA、VA及BA的PI均较对照组高(P相似文献   

老年脑白质疏松伴非酒精性脂肪肝的临床研究

目的探讨老年脑白质疏松(LA)伴非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者相关危险因素及对认知功能的影响。方法以就诊于我院60～80岁经过确诊的LA患者180例,对每位患者经过B超筛选,依据是否存在脂肪肝,分为伴NAFLD组(观察组,再根据脂肪肝严重程度分为轻度组及中重度组)及不伴NAFLD组(对照组),各组按统一的研究方案,收集临床资料、实验室数据、影像学资料和神经心理学检查资料,进行对照分析。结果 LA患者中合并NAFLD的发生率61例(33. 89)%,LA程度与NAFLD严重程度之间存在相关性(r=0. 28,P=0. 03)。单因素分析显示甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、谷丙转氨酶、尿酸与LA伴NAFLD的发生相关,但进行Logistic回归分析显示仅甘油三酯、空腹血糖、谷丙转氨酶、尿酸与其密切相关。LA伴NAFLD组蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分(20. 67±2. 53)分显著低于对照组(23. 18±1. 32)分,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01)。中重度脂肪肝组MoCA评分(20. 14±2. 38)分低于轻度脂肪肝组(22. 42±2. 02)分,差异有显著统计学意义(P 0. 01)。中重度LA伴中重度NAFLD组MoCA评分(19. 98±2. 37)分较伴轻度脂肪肝组MoCA评分(21. 78±1. 92)分低,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论LA与NAFLD之间存在相关性,脂肪肝程度越严重的LA患者,认知功能减退越明显。甘油三酯、空腹血糖、谷丙转氨酶、尿酸与LA伴NAFLD的发生关系密切。     

Lipoic acid suppresses portal endotoxemia-induced steatohepatitis and pancreatic inflammation in rats

AIM: To examine the effect of α-lipoic acid (LA) on mild portal endotoxemia-induced steatohepatitis and associated pancreatic abnormalities in fructose-fed rats. METHODS: Rats were randomly assigned into two groups with a regular or 60% fructose-enriched diet for 8 wk. After fructose feeding for 4 wk, rats were further divided into four subgroups: with intraportal saline (F PV ), with intraportal saline plus administration of LA (F PV + LA ), with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion (F PLPS ), and with LPS infusion plus administration of LA (F PLPS + LA ). Rats were treated with LPS using intraportal infusion while LA was administered orally. Metabolite levels, superoxide levels, inflammatory markers, malondialdehyde content, glutathione content and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 ) gene expression were all measured using standard biochemical techniques. Pancreatic insulin secretion was evaluated by a hyperglycemic clamp technique. Histology of liver and pancreas tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fructose-induced elevation in plasma C-reactive protein, amylase, superoxide, white blood cell count as well as in hepatic and pancreatic contents of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 were increased in animals treated with LPS and reversed with LA administration. The augmented hepatic gene expression of TLR4 in fructose-fed rats was further increased in those with intraportal LPS infusion, which was partially reversed by LA administration. Pathological examination showed inflammatory changes and leukocyte infiltration in hepatic and pancreatic islets of animals treated with LPS but were rarely observed in those with LA treatment. In addition to affects on the liver, impaired pancreatic insulin secretion seen in fructose-fed rats was deteriorated in with LPS treatment and partially reversed with LA administration. CONCLUSION: These data suggest LA could significantly suppress mild portal-endotoxemia but not fructoseinduced liver and pancr     

脑白质疏松与急性脑梗死患者认知功能的关系研究

背景近年急性脑梗死与脑白质疏松(LA)的关系是医学领域研究的热点。目的探讨LA与急性脑梗死患者认知功能的关系。方法选取2017年3月—2018年10月秦皇岛市第一医院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死患者200例,根据LA诊断标准分为LA组110例和无LA组90例;根据LA严重程度将110例急性脑梗死伴LA患者分为轻度38例、中度45例和重度27例,根据LA部位分为脑室周围型44例、深部白质型34例和混合型32例。比较LA组、无LA组患者一般资料及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)总评分及各认知领域(包括视空间及执行功能、命名、注意力、语言、抽象、延迟回忆、定向力)评分;比较轻度、中度和重度LA患者MoCA总评分,脑室周围型、深部白质型和混合型LA患者MoCA总评分及各认知领域评分;急性脑梗死患者LA严重程度与MoCA总评分相关性分析采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果LA组患者年龄大于无LA组,MoCA总评分及各认知领域评分低于无LA组(P<0.05)。急性脑梗死伴重度LA患者MoCA总评分低于轻度、中度者,急性脑梗死伴中度LA患者MoCA总评分低于轻度者(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,急性脑梗死患者LA严重程度与MoCA总评分呈负相关(rs=-0.964,P<0.05)。急性脑梗死伴混合型LA患者视空间及执行功能评分及MoCA总评分低于脑室周围型、深部白质型LA者,急性脑梗死伴深部白质型LA患者视空间及执行功能评分及MoCA总评分低于脑室周围型LA者(P<0.05)。结论急性脑梗死伴LA患者多存在认知功能损伤,而其认知功能损伤程度与LA严重程度呈正相关,且混合型及深部白质型LA患者认知功能损伤较严重,尤其是视空间与执行功能损伤明显。     

全基因测序分析发现脑白质疏松患者NOTCH3基因的新突变

目的探究脑白质疏松(LA)患者基因突变情况。方法选择我中心神经内科LA患者160例为LA组,同期神经内科健康体检者144例为对照组。LA组中选取11例接受全基因组测序,采用Sequenom-MassARRAY平台进一步验证所有入选者候选基因突变标记。结果 LA组年龄、脑卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作、高血压比例、同型半胱氨酸、肌酐、尿酸及尿素水平明显高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。11例LA患者进行全基因组测序,共确定9 935 469个突变,在这些突变后,最终得到6个LA的致病变异体,分别位于亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶、脂肪酸2-羟化酶、NOTCH3、ABCD1 4个LA相关基因。在矫正年龄性别后,NOTCH3的rs1044055与LA有相关性(95%CI:0.454～0.893,P=0.008)。5例LA患者中发现一种新的突变(NOTCH3 p.G1295R)。结论 NOTCH3是LA患者的候选风险基因。NOTCH3 p.G1295R及MTHFR p.C212W是潜在的LA病因。     

高乌甲素对手术患者T细胞亚群和NK细胞的影响

将36例手术患者随机分为高乌甲素(LA)组(LA组)、曲马多组及对照组各12例,均行常规手术麻醉,LA组、曲马多组于诱导前30 min分别静滴LA 8 mg、曲马多100 mg,30 min滴完.诱导后即开始连接电子输注泵,以LA 0.28 mg/ml或曲马多8 mg/ml持续输注,术后清醒后实施PCA.三组分别于麻醉用药前30 min、术毕即刻及术后24、48 h采外周静脉血,测定NK细胞数、T淋巴细胞亚群.结果与麻醉用药前30 min比较,曲马多组及对照组T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞数量明显减少(P<0.05),LA组无明显变化.认为LA手术中可稳定患者血浆T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞水平.     

血压变异性对缺血性脑卒中合并脑白质疏松患者认知功能障碍的影响

目的分析血压变异性对缺血性脑卒中(CIS)合并脑白质疏松(LA)患者认知功能障碍的影响。方法选择2017年1月至2018年6月在温州市中心医院收治的CIS患者178例,根据有无合并LA分为CIS+LA组118例及CIS组60例。对神经功能、认知功能、LA程度等进行评估;记录患者血压变异性指标进行统计学分析。结果 CIS组患者的认知功能障碍的发生率显著低于CIS+LA组,差异有统计学意义(38.33%:66.10%,P <0.05),而在CIS+LA组患者中随着LA分级的增加,MoCA分值显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),CIS+LA组患者的收缩压及舒张压血压参数及血压变异性均显著高于CIS组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);多因素回归分析提示收缩压血压变异系数(CV)是CIS+LA患者认知功能障碍的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=3.27(1.95-5.47),P <0.05]。结论 CIS+LA患者较CIS患者存在更大的血压变异性和更多的认知功能障碍,收缩压CV是CIS+LA患者认知功能障碍的独立危险因素。     

腹腔镜及开腹手术治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎268例

目的:对比分析腹腔镜和开腹阑尾切除术在治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎中的疗效.方法:回顾性分析2000-01/2009-11小儿复杂性阑尾炎患者268例临床资料,其中腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)128例,开腹阑尾切除术(OA)140例,比较两组手术情况和疗效.结果:手术时间:LA组较OA组长(62.2 min±15.3 min vs 57.1 min±6.4 min,P<0.01);术后肛门排气时间:LA组较OA组短(26.8 h±7.6 h vs 42.9 h±8.3 h.P<0.001);术后住院时间:LA组较OA组短(5.2 d±2.3 d vs 9.5 d±2.6d,P<0.001);术后腹腔脓肿LA组1例,OA组9例(P=0.036);切口感染:LA组3例,OA组28例(P<0.001);肠梗阻:LA组2例,OA组5例(P=0.518).结论:LA较OA具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、住院时间短和美容效果好等优点,是治疗小儿复杂性阑尾炎一种安全有效的手术方式.     

联络纤维的多普勒组织成像对脑白质疏松合并轻度认知功能障碍患者的诊断价值

认知功能受损是脑白质疏松(LA)的症状之一,量表测评无法全面评估LA患者认知功能,可能致使治疗延误.联络纤维的多普勒组织成像可反映神经纤维连接完整程度,这有助于更好地评定LA区域联络纤维情况.本文就联络纤维的多普勒组织成像对LA合并轻度认知功能障碍患者的诊断价值的相关研究进展作一综述.     

食管造影及温度监测指导环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

Objective Because of the severe consequences of an atrial esophageal fistula,it is vital to avoid this complication. The most safe way is to avoid ablating the segment of esophagus behind left atrium (LA). What we do is to image the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and real-time esophageal tem-perature monitoring to ablate the posterior LA wall. Methods Sixty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion (PAF) were enrolled to pulmonary veins (PV) isolation. Swallowing a radiocontrast agent at the same time when imaging of LA to observe the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and according to the different relationship between the segment of esophagus behind LA and PV, the esophagus were divided into type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. A esophageal temperature probe was inserted and advanced into the esophagus directly posterior to the LA. Three steps ablation strategy and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring were applied to guide the PV isolation. The procedure was interrupted when the esophageal temperature was 39℃ until] the tempera-ture renormalized and ended when PV were isolated. Results There were 48 type ⅠI , 11 type Ⅱ and 5 type Ⅲ esophagus in the 64 patients. After three steps ablation,all PV isolations were completed. Only 18.8% of the patients needed to ablate the posterior LA close to the esophagus. Conclusion Only one PV ostiolum close to the posterior LA wall in most PAF patients and many of them can achieve complete PV isolation without ablating the posterior LA close to esophagus which could minimize the risk of esophageal injury dramatically.     

食管造影及温度监测指导环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

Objective Because of the severe consequences of an atrial esophageal fistula,it is vital to avoid this complication. The most safe way is to avoid ablating the segment of esophagus behind left atrium (LA). What we do is to image the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and real-time esophageal tem-perature monitoring to ablate the posterior LA wall. Methods Sixty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion (PAF) were enrolled to pulmonary veins (PV) isolation. Swallowing a radiocontrast agent at the same time when imaging of LA to observe the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and according to the different relationship between the segment of esophagus behind LA and PV, the esophagus were divided into type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. A esophageal temperature probe was inserted and advanced into the esophagus directly posterior to the LA. Three steps ablation strategy and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring were applied to guide the PV isolation. The procedure was interrupted when the esophageal temperature was 39℃ until] the tempera-ture renormalized and ended when PV were isolated. Results There were 48 type ⅠI , 11 type Ⅱ and 5 type Ⅲ esophagus in the 64 patients. After three steps ablation,all PV isolations were completed. Only 18.8% of the patients needed to ablate the posterior LA close to the esophagus. Conclusion Only one PV ostiolum close to the posterior LA wall in most PAF patients and many of them can achieve complete PV isolation without ablating the posterior LA close to esophagus which could minimize the risk of esophageal injury dramatically.     

食管造影及温度监测指导环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

Objective Because of the severe consequences of an atrial esophageal fistula,it is vital to avoid this complication. The most safe way is to avoid ablating the segment of esophagus behind left atrium (LA). What we do is to image the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and real-time esophageal tem-perature monitoring to ablate the posterior LA wall. Methods Sixty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion (PAF) were enrolled to pulmonary veins (PV) isolation. Swallowing a radiocontrast agent at the same time when imaging of LA to observe the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and according to the different relationship between the segment of esophagus behind LA and PV, the esophagus were divided into type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. A esophageal temperature probe was inserted and advanced into the esophagus directly posterior to the LA. Three steps ablation strategy and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring were applied to guide the PV isolation. The procedure was interrupted when the esophageal temperature was 39℃ until] the tempera-ture renormalized and ended when PV were isolated. Results There were 48 type ⅠI , 11 type Ⅱ and 5 type Ⅲ esophagus in the 64 patients. After three steps ablation,all PV isolations were completed. Only 18.8% of the patients needed to ablate the posterior LA close to the esophagus. Conclusion Only one PV ostiolum close to the posterior LA wall in most PAF patients and many of them can achieve complete PV isolation without ablating the posterior LA close to esophagus which could minimize the risk of esophageal injury dramatically.