新高血压指南:JNC 7

美国国家联合委员会关于高血压预防、检测、评价和治疗的第 7次报告已发布。JNC7简化了血压水平的分类 ,并概述了如何应用此分类于高血压的预防和处理。1 成人血压分类 :正常 :收缩压 (SP) <12 0mmHg ,舒张压(DP) <80mmHg;高血压前期 :SP 12 0mmHg～ 139mmHg或DP80mmHg～ 89mmHg ;一级高血压 :SP 14 0mmHg～ 15 9mmHg或DP 90mmHg～ 99mmHg ;二级高血压 :SP≥ 16 0mmHg或DP≥10 0mmHg。2 JNC 7要点 :(1) 5 0岁或 5 0岁以上的人 ,升高的SP比升高的DP是更强的心血管危险因素。 (2 )在血压 115mmHg 75mmHg至 185mmHg 115mmHg…     

借鉴JNC-7经验制定中国特色的高血压防治指南

美国国家高血压预防、检测、评价和治疗委员会(JNC)发表的JNC-6迄今已6年了。在此期间,医学理论和医学实践均取得重大进展,一方面循证医学理论得到了越来越多医师的认同,另一方面,许多有关抗高血压治疗的临床试验,特别是包括HOT试验、PROGRESS试验、ALLHAT试验等有影响的大规模临床试验先后在全球范围内展开,取得了许多有价值的资料,极大地丰富了循证医学的理论。为此,2003年5月,JNC吸收了这些新理论和新研究成果,发表了JNC-7。与JNC-6相比,JNC-7的最大特点是简明,充分体现了“以人为本”的精神,摒除了那些繁锁的概     

《中国高血压防治指南》对高血压住院病人的影响(附2211例分析)

目的探讨<中国高血压防治指南>(简称<指南>)对高血压住院病人治疗的影响.方法回顾性对<指南>公布前(1997年1月～1999年12月)1120例高血压住院病人与<指南>公布后(2000年1月～2001年12月)1 091例高血压住院病人的住院年龄、血压,用药情况和血压控制率进行比较.结果与<指南>公布前比,<指南>公布后高血压住院病人住院年龄增加、血压下降,而且联合用药率增加(P均<0.01),但收缩压控制率仍不理想(尤其是老年人收缩压控制率降低,P<0.05).结论<指南>对高血压治疗具有指导意义,老年单纯收缩期高血压仍然是目前治疗的难点.     

美国JNC7提出高血压分类新概念:高血压前期

最近美国国家高血压预防、诊断、评价与治疗联合委员会发布了高血压预防与治疗的第 7次指南 (JNC 7)。该指南提出了新的高血压分类概念 :高血压前期 ,它是指收缩压在 12 0 -13 9mmHg或舒张压在 80 -89mmHg之间者 ,JNC 7建议他们改善生活方式 ,减轻体重、增加运动、采用降血压膳食、减盐、限制饮酒、戒烟以预防心血管疾病 (CVD)的发生。JNC 7指南的其他主要内容为 :1) 5 0岁以上的人收缩压 >14 0mmHg ,是比舒张压更重要的CVD危险因素 ;2 )CVD危险 ,自血压 115 /75mmHg开始 ,每增加 2 0 /10mmHg,CVD危险加倍 ;3 ) 5 5岁时 ,血压正…     

美国联合委员会关于高血压预防,检出,评价及治疗第六次报告

美国联合委员会关于高血压预防、检出、评价及治疗第六次报告［美国卫生研究院美国心肺血研究院美国高血压教育规划ＪＮＣⅥ，１９９７，１１发布，ＮＯ．９８－４０８０，Ｐ１－７０］１ＪＮＣⅥ简介为防治心血管病的主要危险因素高血压，由美国卫生研究院所属心肺血研究...     

2017年美国ACCAHA高血压指南更新解读

在2017 年美国心脏协会(AHA) 科学年会上,美国心脏病学会(ACC) 和AHA 联合其他9 个临床医学专业学会发布了最新制订的《成人高血压预防、检测、评估和处理指南》。这是自从2013 年美国政府机构NIH 宣布不再主持制订临床疾病预防和管理指南后,由美国民间权威学术团体制订的第一部美国临床高血压防治指南,全面涵盖成人高血压的预防、检测、评估和管理。本文对美国高血压指南更新的定义、诊断以及治疗等方面进行如下综述。     

美国预防、检测、评估与治疗高血压全国联合委员会第七次报告（JNC7简介）

20 0 3年公布的“美国预防、检测、评估与治疗高血压全国联合委员会第七次报告 (JNC7)”是预防和治疗高血压的新指南 ,主要内容如下。 >5 0岁成人 ,收缩压 (SBP)≥ 14 0mmHg是比舒张压 (DBP)更重要的心血管疾病 (CVD)危险因素。 血压从 115 /75mmHg起 ,每增加 2 0 /10mmHg ,CVD的危险性增加 1倍 ;5 5岁血压正常的人 ,未来发生高血压的危险为 90 %。 收缩压 12 0～ 139mmHg或舒张压 80～ 90mmHg ,为高血压前期 (prehypertensive) ,应改善生活方式以预防CVD。 噻嗪类利尿剂用于大多数无合并症的高血压患者 ,可单独或与其他类型的降…     

顽固性高血压治疗对策

既往对顽固性高血压的诊断标准不统一 ,导致各家报道的患病率各异 ,5 %～ 15 %不等。根据Kaplan和JNCVI(1997)的诊断标准 ,高血压病患者经联合三种足量降压药物治疗 (其中包括利尿剂 )血压仍不能降到 14 0 / 90mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa)以下者或单纯收缩期高血压不能使收缩压降低至 14 0mmHg以下者诊断为顽固性高血压[1] 。这部分患者由于治疗效果不满意 ,常被转至专家门诊会诊。Gifford等[2 ] 提出的顽固性高血压诊断规则系统为 :文献中尚有许多诊治方案 ,大同小异 ,由于侧重不同 ,前后秩序稍有差别。1978年Gifford就认为如果根据上述规…     

美国和欧洲高血压治疗新指南评析

美国和欧洲最近分别公布了各自的高血压治疗新指南(分别为 :theseventhreportofthejointnationalcommitteeonprevention,detection ,evaluation ,andtreatmentofhighbloodpressure,简称JNC 7指南 ;Europeansocietyofhypertension/Europeansocietyofcardiology,简称ESH/ESC指南 ) ,在全球范围内产生很大影响。虽然这两份指南都是以近年来大规模临床试验和研究的结果为依据 ,但是由于起草指南的指导思想与目的、疾病流行和医疗状况等有所不同 ,因此这两份指南在具体指导医师评估和处理患者方面存在较明显的差异。为了学习和汲取对推动我…     

Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

The National High Blood Pressure Education Program presents the complete Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Like its predecessors, the purpose is to provide an evidence-based approach to the prevention and management of hypertension. The key messages of this report are these: in those older than age 50, systolic blood pressure (BP) of greater than 140 mm Hg is a more important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor than diastolic BP; beginning at 115/75 mm Hg, CVD risk doubles for each increment of 20/10 mm Hg; those who are normotensive at 55 years of age will have a 90% lifetime risk of developing hypertension; prehypertensive individuals (systolic BP 120-139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg) require health-promoting lifestyle modifications to prevent the progressive rise in blood pressure and CVD; for uncomplicated hypertension, thiazide diuretic should be used in drug treatment for most, either alone or combined with drugs from other classes; this report delineates specific high-risk conditions that are compelling indications for the use of other antihypertensive drug classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers); two or more antihypertensive medications will be required to achieve goal BP (<140/90 mm Hg, or <130/80 mm Hg) for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease; for patients whose BP is more than 20 mm Hg above the systolic BP goal or more than 10 mm Hg above the diastolic BP goal, initiation of therapy using two agents, one of which usually will be a thiazide diuretic, should be considered; regardless of therapy or care, hypertension will be controlled only if patients are motivated to stay on their treatment plan. Positive experiences, trust in the clinician, and empathy improve patient motivation and satisfaction. This report serves as a guide, and the committee continues to recognize that the responsible physician's judgment remains paramount.     

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the weapons are ready

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) has recently came to light in a short version. A complete version will soon be available. JNC 7 is the last attempt to bridge the big gap between the current availability of potent and well tolerated antihypertensive strategies and their poor implementation in the clinical practice. Some new and important features characterize the JNC 7 document. The aim of the new and challenging definition of pre-hypertension (BP 120-139/80-89 mmHg) is to sensitize the general population and health professionals to implement effective strategies for a healthier life in order to prevent hypertension and related cardiovascular disease as early as possible. Stage 3 hypertension has been deleted and merged with stage 2 (systolic > or = 160 or diastolic > or = 100 mmHg). BP levels to achieve with treatment (goals) are < 140/90 mmHg (< 130/80 mmHg in diabetics). To reach the goal, diuretics are recommended for initial treatment in most subjects with stage I hypertension. However, combination of at least 2 drugs is recommended if initial BP is 20/10 mmHg higher than goal BP. Apart from the definition of pre-hypertension and the advice to begin therapy with diuretics in most patients with stage 1 hypertension, JNC 7 shares several positions with the hypertension guidelines recently released by the European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension. JNC 7 seems to dedicate limited space to stratify the level of cardiovascular risk in the individual subjects on the basis of the different combinations between BP levels and concomitant risk factors. In summary, JNC 7 is an updated and well equipped arsenal of formidable weapons against hypertension and its complications. The stage is now set for an hard task: their effective implementation in the clinical practice with the aim to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.     

A review of the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. After decades of improvement, population surveys demonstrate disturbing downward trends in the rates of awareness, treatment, and control of this disorder in recent years. Over this same time period, there has been a slight increase in the incidence of strokes, and a steady rise in the incidence of end-stage renal disease and the prevalence of congestive heart failure, conditions in which hypertension plays a prominent role. Results of recent studies support the possibility that lifestyle modifications may be effective for prevention of hypertension. Treatment of established hypertension involves lifestyle modifications and drug therapies designed to control blood pressure and reduce overall cardiovascular risk. Both threshold blood pressure levels for initiating drug therapy and goal blood pressure levels with treatment are individually determined based on the presence or absence of additional cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension target organ injury or clinical cardiovascular disease. Recent clinical trials support the value of lower goal blood pressures for patients with diabetes, heart failure, and renal disease. The presence or absence of comorbid conditions often determines specific drug choices. Diuretics and beta-blockers remain the drugs of choice in uncomplicated hypertension. Additional studies confirm the benefits of treating isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure provides a practical, evidence-based resource to help health care providers meet the public health challenges of preventing and controlling hypertension.     

Prevalence of hypertension in a Mexican population according to the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension in Mexico represents a challenging public health problem. The National Survey on Chronic Diseases published in 1993 reported that hypertension affects more than 10 million Mexicans. No information has been published regarding the prevalence of hypertension in Mexico using the new diagnostic criteria established by the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). METHODS: The Mexico City Diabetes Study is a prospective study designed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in a low-income area. The survey included 941 men and 1341 non-pregnant women aged 35-64 years. Blood pressure measurements were performed using a random zero sphygmomanometer. The diagnostic criteria for hypertension were those recommended by the JNC VI. RESULTS: The crude prevalence of hypertension was 17.2% and 18.1% in men and women, respectively. We found significant associations between hypertension and obesity, body fat distribution, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting and 2-h post-glucose in both sexes, and between hypertension and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides levels in women. In 40% of hypertensive men and 23% of women, hypertension was undiagnosed and untreated. Of the previously diagnosed hypertensive individuals, 38% of men and 30% of women reported not taking antihypertensive medicine. The prevalence++ of associated risk factors in this population is 12.3% for tobacco consumption, 22.4% for diabetes, 49.8% for hypertriglyceridemia and 40.9% for hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension occurs in 18% of this population. There is a high prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated cases. Associated cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent.     

Differential impact of systolic and diastolic blood pressure level on JNC-VI staging. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.

The sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure classifies blood pressure into stages on the basis of both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure levels. When a disparity exists between SBP and DBP stages, patients are classified into the higher stage ("up-staged"). We evaluated the effect of disparate levels of SBP and DBP on blood pressure staging and eligibility for therapy. We examined 4962 Framingham Heart Study subjects between 1990 and 1995 and determined blood pressure stages on the basis of SBP alone, DBP alone, or both. After the exclusion of subjects on antihypertensive therapy (n=1306), 3656 subjects (mean age 58+/-13 years; 55% women) were eligible. In this sample, 64.6% of subjects had congruent stages of SBP and DBP, 31.6% were up-staged on the basis of SBP, and 3.8% on the basis of DBP; thus, SBP alone correctly classified JNC-VI stage in approximately 96% (64.6%+31.6%) of the subjects. Among subjects >60 years of age, SBP alone correctly classified 99% of subjects; in those 相似文献   

Managing hypertension in the southeastern United States: applying the guidelines from the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI)

The southeastern United States has the highest occurrence of heart disease and stroke and among the highest rates of congestive heart failure and renal failure in the country. The Consortium for Southeastern Hypertension Control (COSEHC) is cooperating with other organizations in implementing initiatives to reduce morbidity and mortality from hypertension-related conditions in the southeastern United States. This article outlines for clinicians special consideration for implementation of the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) in the southeastern United States. Clinicians are encouraged to adapt the recommendations of JNC VI to their own patient groups, paying attention to these specific areas: (1) Ensure screening for hypertension in your practice and community. (2) Evaluate all patients for accompanying risk factors and target organ damage. (3) Promote lifestyle management for individual patients and populations for prevention and treatment of hypertension. (4) Set a goal blood pressure for each patient, and monitor progress toward that goal. (5) Recognize that many patients will be candidates for blood pressure goals of <130/85 mm Hg. (6) Pay attention to compelling and special indications such as diabetes, congestive heart failure, and renal dysfunction. (7) Consider combination therapy. (8) Maximize staff contributions to enhance patient adherence. (9) Encourage patient, family, and community activities to promote healthy lifestyles and blood pressure control.     

Cost-effectiveness of the lower treatment goal (of JNC VI) for diabetic hypertensive patients. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

BACKGROUND: The recommendation of the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) to lower blood pressure (BP) in diabetic patients to less than 130/85 mm Hg may have negative economic consequences. A formal cost-effectiveness analysis was therefore performed, comparing the costs and potential benefits of a BP goal of less than 140/90 mm Hg (as recommended by JNC V) vs less than 130/85 mm Hg (as inJNC VI). METHODS: A 24-cell computer model was populated with costs (1996 dollars), relative risks, and age-specific base-line rates for death and 4 nonfatal adverse events (stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease), derived from published data. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3%. RESULTS: For 60-year-old diabetic persons with hypertension, treating to the lower BP goal increases life expectancy by 0.48 (discounted) years and lowers (discounted) lifetime medical costs by $1450 compared with treating BP to less than 140/90 mm Hg. The lower treatment BP goal results in an overall cost savings over a wide range of initial conditions, and for nearly all analyses for patients older than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Any incremental treatment for 60-year-olds that costs less than $414 annually and successfully lowers BP from below 140/90 to below 130/85 mm Hg would be cost saving in the long term, due to the reduction in attendant costs of future morbidity. The lower treatment goal recommended for high-risk hypertensive patients compares favorably in cost-effectiveness with many other frequently recommended treatment strategies, and saves money overall for patients aged 60 years and older.