Antinociceptive,antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Putranjiva roxburghii</Emphasis> Wall. leaf extract in experimental animals

The effects of the ether extract from the leaves of Putranjiva roxburghii (P. roxburghii) Wall. were assessed on nociceptive responses in mice by using writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests and the antipyretic activity was determined in yeast-induced fever in rats. Anti-inflammatory activities were also investigated using carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats and croton oil-induced ear and anus edemas. The ether extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) of P. roxburghii dose-dependently produced analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The extract had no significant effect in the hot plate test in mice. At the dose of 400 mg/kg, the extract significantly suppressed the licking activity in the late phase of the formalin test in mice and decreased fever induced by yeast in rats. The extract exhibited moderate inhibitory activity of inflammation in carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. The extract inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/ear) in mice. The extract decreased anus edema induced by croton oil at the high dose of 800 mg/kg in rats. The results indicated that the ether extract of P. roxburghii leaves possesses analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities.     

冷水七活性部位镇痛抗炎作用的研究

目的 研究冷水七活性部位I(IPB-I)的镇痛抗炎作用。方法 采用热板法、醋酸扭体法研究IPB I对小鼠的镇痛作用，并与0.9%氯化钠注射液、盐酸吗啡作对照；采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、醋酸致小鼠腹膜毛细血管通透性增加的实验研究IPB-I抗炎作用，并与0.9%氯化钠注射液、氢化可的松对照。结果IPB-I对两种痛刺激有非常显著的镇痛作用；对两种实验性炎症有非常显著的抑制作用。结论IPB-I具有显著的镇痛抗炎作用。     

Analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antipyretic activities of the ethanol extract from Desmodium caudatum

Context: In folk medicine in China, Desmodium caudatum (Thunb.) DC (Leguminosae) has been used to treat febrile diseases, rheumatic arthritis, and bacillary dysentery; nevertheless, there have been no reports on the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of this plant in animals.

Objective: To investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities of D. caudatum extract (DCE) in animals.

Materials and methods: The analgesic effect of DCE was measured in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the hot-plate test. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and the dimethylbenzene-induced mouse inflammation model. The antipyretic effect was estimated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat fever model. In addition, the acute oral toxicity of DCE was studied.

Results: DCE significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the writhing responses in mice, increased reaction time in mice in the hot-plate test, reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and the dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema in mice, and attenuated LPS-induced fever in rats. Furthermore, no death was observed when mice were orally administered DCE up to 40?g/kg.

Discussion and conclusion: DCE possesses evident analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities, and has a favorable safety, which supports the use of D. caudatum as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug in folk medicine.     

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of friedelin isolated from Azima tetracantha Lam. in mouse and rat models

Objectives Friedelin was isolated from Azima tetracantha Lam. leaves collected from Kallakurichi, Villuppuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. The anti‐inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of friedelin have been investigated in Wistar rats and mice. Methods Friedelin was isolated from the hexane extract of leaves of A. tetracantha using column chromatography. The effects of friedelin on inflammation were studied by using carrageenan‐induced hind paw oedema, croton oil‐induced ear oedema, acetic acid‐induced vascular permeability, cotton pellet‐induced granuloma and adjuvant‐induced arthritis. The analgesic effect of friedelin was evaluated using the acetic acid‐induced abdominal constriction response, formalin‐induced paw licking response and the hot‐plate test. The antipyretic effect of friedelin was evaluated using the yeast‐induced hyperthermia test in rats. Key findings In the acute phase of inflammation, maximum inhibitions of 52.5 and 68.7% (P < 0.05) were noted with 40 mg/kg friedelin in carrageenan‐induced paw oedema and croton oil‐induced ear oedema, respectively. Administration of friedelin (40 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the formation of granuloma tissue induced by cotton pellet at a rate of 36.3%. In the adjuvant‐induced arthritis test friedelin inhibited 54.5% of paw thickness. Friedelin inhibited acetic acid‐induced vascular permeability in mice. Friedelin also produced significant (P < 0.05) analgesic activity in the acetic acid‐induced abdominal constriction response and formalin‐induced paw licking response. In the hot‐plate test, friedelin did not show any significant results when compared with control. Treatment with friedelin showed a significant (P < 0.05) dose‐dependent reduction in pyrexia in rats. Conclusions The results suggested that friedelin possessed potent anti‐inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.     

肠炎冲剂解热镇痛抗炎作用的实验研究

目的：研究肠炎冲剂的解热、镇痛和抗炎作用。方法：用蛋白胨所致发热模型研究肠炎冲剂的解热作用；用热板法及扭体法观察其镇痛作用；用足跖肿胀法及耳肿胀法研究其抗炎作用。结果：肠炎冲剂能显著抑制蛋白胨所致体温升高；肠炎冲剂能明显延长动物对热刺激的反应潜伏期,并明显减少其扭体次数；该药也能显著减轻动物足跖及耳片肿胀反应。结论：肠炎冲剂具有解热、镇痛和抗炎作用。     

乌药总生物碱抗炎镇痛药理学研究

目的：对乌药总生物碱抗炎镇痛作用进行研究。方法：采用p-二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法和角叉菜胶致后足跖肿胀法、小鼠热扳法和乙酸致小鼠扭体法等方法来评估用索氏法氨水-氯仿提取得到的乌药总生物碱的抗炎镇痛效果。结果：乌药总生物碱有缓解p-二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及角叉菜胶致后足跖肿胀效果,能减少小鼠在热板上舔后足的次数和减少乙酸致小鼠扭体的次数,镇痛效果显著。结论：乌药总生物碱抗炎镇痛作用明显。     

赖氨匹林的解热、镇痛和抗炎作用

目的：应用大鼠及小鼠研究赖氨匹林的抗炎、镇痛及解热作用。方法：用大鼠足跖肿胀研究抗炎作用，用小鼠醋酸扭体法及热板法测定镇痛作用，用鲜酵母法测定解热作用。结果：赖氨匹林对大鼠足跖肿胀有明显抑制作用，最大抑制率为８０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。小鼠醋酸扭体法测得镇痛ＥＤ５０＝７２±２３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对鲜酵母致大鼠体温升高有明显抑制作用。小鼠半数致胃溃疡剂量ＵＤ５０＝０．１８±０．０６ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ，是阿司匹林的２．４倍。结论：赖氨匹林具有和阿司匹林相当的解热、镇痛和抗炎作用，而对胃肠道的毒副作用比阿司匹林小。     

Analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activities of the methanolic extract of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia modesta</Emphasis> leaves

The current study was aimed to evaluate Acacia modesta for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet activities. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in rodents using acetic acid and formalin-induced nociception, hot plate and carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema tests. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the methanolic extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition (P < 0.01) of the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and suppressed formalin-induced licking response of animals in both phases of the test. In the hot plate assay the plant extract (100 mg/kg) increased pain threshold of mice. Naloxone (5 mg/kg i.p.) partially reversed the analgesic effect of the extract in formalin and hot plate tests. A. modesta (100 and 200 mg/kg i.p.) exhibited sedative effect in barbiturate-induced hypnosis test similar to that produced by diazepam (10 mg/kg i.p.). The plant extract (50–200 mg/kg i.p.) produced marked anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema assay comparable to diclofenac and produced a dose-dependent (0.5–2.5 mg/mL) inhibitory effect against arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation. These data suggest that A. modesta possesses peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, with analgesic effects partially associated with the opioid system.     

月矾栓抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的研究月矾栓的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶致小鼠足跖肿胀模型,观察月矾栓的抗炎作用;采用小鼠醋酸扭体法和热板法,观察月矾栓的镇痛作用。结果月矾栓对醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应有明显的抑制作用,能明显提高小鼠热板痛阈值;月矾栓能抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶引起的小鼠足跖肿胀度,其中对小鼠耳肿胀和醋酸扭体的抑制作用呈明显量效关系。结论月矾栓有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

偏痛胶囊流浸膏镇痛抗炎作用实验研究

目的:研究偏痛胶囊流浸膏镇痛、抗炎药效学作用.方法:热板法、醋酸扭体法观察偏痛胶囊流浸膏对小鼠的镇痛作用,二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀的方法研究偏痛胶囊流浸膏的抗炎作用.结果:偏痛胶囊流浸膏能明显减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数,显著提高小鼠痛阈值(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀,减少耳重差,对大鼠足跖肿胀有显著抑制作用(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论:偏痛胶囊流浸膏具有较好的镇痛、抗炎作用.     

牛黄解毒滴丸解热镇痛和抗炎作用实验

目的：观察牛黄解毒滴丸的解热镇痛和抗炎作用。方法：采用2,4-二硝基酚大鼠致热法观察其解热作用;小鼠扭体法、热板刺激法观察其镇痛作用;小鼠耳部肿胀法、大鼠蛋清足肿胀法观察其抗炎作用。结果：牛黄解毒滴丸显著降低2,4-二硝基酚所致大鼠升高的体温;明显减轻和抑制热板所致的小鼠疼痛及醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应;抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀和蛋清所致的大鼠足肿胀。结论：牛黄解毒滴丸对实验大鼠、小鼠具有良好的解热、镇痛和抗炎作用。     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Ranunculus japonicus extract.

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Ranunculus japonicus extract after parenteral administration were determined in several animal models. The extract inhibited the mice writhing responses caused by acetic acid and raised the pain thresholds of mice in the hot-plate test. The extract also inhibited the paw edema of rats induced by carrageenin, ear swelling of mice caused by xylene, mice vascular permeability increase induced by acetic acid, and granuloma formation in rats.     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of 7-epiclusianone, a prenylated benzophenone from Garcinia brasiliensis

7-Epiclusianone, a natural prenylated benzophenone, was extracted from Garcinia brasiliensis Planch. & Triana (Clusiaceae), a native plant commonly known as bacupari and used in traditional Brazilian medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. As a result of the wide spectrum of biological activities attributed to polyisoprenylated benzophenones, the aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 7-epiclusianone using two animal models. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and peritonitis were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of 7-epiclusianone in rats. The acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests were used to investigate its antinociceptive activity in mice. At test doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg p.o., 7-epiclusianone had an anti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated by the reduction of paw oedema induced by carrageenan and the inhibition of leukocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. At the same doses, 7-epiclusianone inhibited nociception induced by an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid, observed by the decrease in the number of writhing episodes. Additionally, 7-epiclusianone decreased licking time caused by a subplantar injection of formalin. Moreover, the hot plate test produced a significant increase in latency reaction, demonstrating an antinociceptive effect. The experimental data demonstrated that the polyisoprenylated benzophenone 7-epiclusianone has remarkable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.     

三叶青提取物抗炎、镇痛及解热作用的实验研究

目的:探讨三叶青提取物(ERT)的抗炎、镇痛及解热作用,并验证其相关功效.方法:以小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透法、小鼠耳肿胀法及大鼠足肿胀法观察其抗炎作用;以小鼠扭体法、热板法观察其镇痛作用;以干酵母致热法及2,4-二硝基苯酚致热法观察其解热作用.结果:三叶青提取物能明显抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管炎性渗出,抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀及10%蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀;减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数,提高热板法小鼠痛阈值;并降低干酵母和2,4-二硝基苯酚致大鼠发热模型的体温.结论:三叶青提取物具有较好的抗炎、镇痛及解热作用,与其相关的中医临床功效及主治相符.     

藏药镰形棘豆的镇痛抗炎活性

目的:对藏药镰形棘豆的镇痛和抗炎活性进行研究.方法:使用醋酸扭体法、热板法和福尔马林法确定镰形棘豆的镇痛效应和类型;使用二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀模型、卡拉胶诱导的小鼠腹腔炎模型和大鼠棉球肉芽肿模型探讨镰形棘豆的抗炎效应.结果:镰形棘豆总提取物经口服给药可明显减少由醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数(57.2%);还可对抗由福尔马林诱发的第二相疼痛(40.1%);但是不能降低小鼠对热刺激的反应性.在抗炎试验中,镰形棘豆总提取物可显著地抑制模型小鼠的耳肿胀程度(58.0%)和白细胞的迁移(59.4%),以及模型大鼠肉芽组织的增生(49.2%).结论:镰形棘豆具有良好的外周镇痛活性,对急性炎症和慢性炎症都有较好的作用.     

Study of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Schima wallichii bark

Hydroalcoholic extract of Schima wallichii Choisy. (Ternstroemiaceae) bark (HESW) was investigated for its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities. The anti-inflammatory effects of the HESW were assayed by using carrageenan and dextran (acute model) induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma assay (chronic model) in experimental rats. Oral administration of HESW at the doses of 150 and 300?mg/kg caused dose-dependent inhibition of carrageenan and dextran induced inflammation. HESW at the doses of 150 and 300?mg/kg caused significant dose-dependent reduction of the granuloma tissue formation in experimental rats. The extract at the oral doses of 50 and 100?mg/kg body weight exhibited significant central and peripheral analgesic activity in acetic acid induced writhing test and hot-plate test respectively in experimental mice. Treatment with HESW at the oral doses of 150 and 300?mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the yeast-provoked elevated body temperature in experimental rats in a dose-dependent manner.     

Anti-inflammatory Properties of Amaranthus spinosus Leaf Extract

The methanol extract of Amaranthus spinosus L. leaves was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities in different animal models. The effect of the plant extract was also studied on castor oil–induced diarrhea and gastric mucosal integrity. The extract (25–100 mg/kg) inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and produced significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of acetic acid–induced increased vascular permeability. Inhibition of the cotton pellet granuloma was also inhibited by 100 mg/kg of the plant extract. Analgesic activity was exhibited with the significant and dose-related reduction in the number of writhings induced with acetic acid, as well reduction in paw licking induced by injection of formalin in mice. The extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) produced gastric erosion in rats, following repeated administration for 4 days, and with 25–100 mg/kg of the extract, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in castor oil–induced diarrhea in rats. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of the leaf extract of A. spinosus. It is also suggested that the plant extract probably acts by the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.     

Anti-inflammatory studies on Adenanthera pavonina seed extract

A methanol extract of the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina was evaluated for pharmacological effects in animal models. The extract (50–200 mg/kg) produced statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in the rat, as well as the acetic-acid-induced vascular permeability in mice. At doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, pleurisy induced with carrageenan was also inhibited. The extract (50–200 mg/kg) exhibited a dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05) analgesic activity in the acetic-induced writhing in mice. In addition, both early and late phases of the formalin-induced paw licking in mice was inhibited by the extract. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract produced reduced motor activity. The LD₅₀ value of the extract was found to be 1.36 g/kg. This study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of A. pavonina extract.     

麝香祛痛气雾剂的抗炎镇痛作用与毒理学考察

目的:研究麝香祛痛气雾剂局部给药的抗炎镇痛作用及毒性反应。方法:用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀,考察麝香祛痛气雾剂的抗炎作用;用小鼠醋酸扭体法和热板法,观察麝香祛痛气雾剂的镇痛作用。观察家兔一次性局部给药的急性毒性和皮肤刺激性,观察豚鼠给药的皮肤致敏性。结果:麝香祛痛气雾剂局部皮肤给药,可明显减轻小鼠耳肿胀度,降低角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀;对小鼠醋酸扭体和热板反应均呈剂量相关性镇痛作用;对家兔和豚鼠无明显急性毒性反应、刺激性和致敏作用。结论:麝香祛痛气雾剂局部给药,具有明显的抗炎镇痛作用,无明显毒性、刺激性和致敏性。