三向建筑中庭天然采光与建筑设计的研究

天然采光有利于节省照明能耗,改善建筑空间的光环境质量.通过研究三向建筑的中庭形状、中庭高度、中庭面积、中庭的天窗面积、玻璃材料与中庭天然采光之间的关系,为建筑师设计中庭提供理论依据.     

四向建筑中庭天然采光与建筑设计的研究

天然采光有利于节省照明能耗,改善建筑空间的光环境质量.通过研究四向建筑中庭的形状、中庭高度、中庭面积、中庭的天窗面积、玻璃材料与中庭天然采光之间的关系,为建筑师设计中庭提供了理论依据.     

双向建筑中庭天然采光与建筑设计的研究

通过研究双向建筑中庭的形状、高度、面积及中庭的天窗面积、玻璃材料与中庭天然采光之间的关系,为建筑师设计中庭提供理论依据。     

基于机器学习的建筑形体性能评价与修改辅助方法

结合形体设计的特点提出了一种建筑形体性能评价与修改辅助方法构想,并给出了结合参数化模型、性能模拟、机器学习的技术路线;而后以音乐厅及其音质性能为例开发了工具雏形、实现了构想的方法;最后对工具雏形进行了应用测试。结果表明,给出的方法和工具雏形,具有较好的可靠性和反馈实时性;适用于形体设计,能够帮助建筑师在不了解技术知识且没有顾问辅助下,将形体从性能不理想逐步改进至理想,有助于提高形体设计的性能及建筑师的工作效率。     

数据驱动的图书馆阅览空间光环境提升研究

图书馆阅览空间具有较高的采光性能需求，如何营造适宜的室内采光环境，减少眩光干扰，是建筑采光性能优化的目的。通过相关数据调研、建筑性能模拟、机器学习模型训练、遗传算法优化等一系列数据驱动型设计方法，对阅览空间简化模型的光环境进行多目标优化提升实验，验证了机器学习代理模型预测方法的可行性与预测结果的准确性，同时得出五项设计参数对三项性能指标的非线性影响机制及其采光性能优化策略。表明数据驱动型方法的运用可以高效的辅助建筑师解决阅览空间采光性能优化问题，为建筑师提供可靠的优化解集与优化决策。     

天然采光与建筑节能设计探讨

探讨了建筑中天然采光的设计步骤，并具体分析了侧窗采光系统、天窗采光系统、中庭采光系统和新型天然采光系统的特点。     

建筑师视野的碳排放与建筑设计

在中国2060碳中和目标背景下,提出建立体现建筑师贡献率的建筑碳排放权重评价方法和设计导则,引入建筑师主导的目标和效果导向的数据设计方法和工具平台,通过设计导则、实现矩阵图和参数化设计建立数据与设计的关联性,实现方案设计形式推敲与性能评价同步完成,将理性评价融入感性设计过程,并对碳减排目标框架限定下的生成式设计方法、方案多样性等问题进行了分析.     

寒冷地区采光中庭设计方法解析

采光中庭设计根据地域和气候环境的不同,呈现不同的形态,根据国内2个寒冷地区的采光中庭设计的建筑案例,结合寒冷地区的气候特点,对寒冷地区采光中庭的设计原则进行总结。     

基于节能的办公建筑采光中庭形态优化设计

采光中庭由于其独特的空间设计给人们带来不一样的视觉感受,已在办公建筑中广泛应用,中庭结构的合理设计对建筑自然采光、建筑能耗具有很大的影响。通过Autodesk Ecotect和Ra-diance数值软件,模拟计算不同中庭平面布局、尺寸比例以及幕墙朝向对办公建筑自然采光系数、全年自然采光满足率DA、天然采光照明节能率、室内照度全年满足率的影响;在模拟分析的基础上,采用Designbuilder数值软件比较分析采光中庭形态优化设计对办公建筑人工照明、采暖空调能耗的影响。     

建筑形体光热性能耦合设计——以寒冷地区高校教学楼建筑为例

针对建筑光热性能在形体设计中的重要性与矛盾性,以寒冷地区高校教学楼为例,提出基于参数化设计平台的建筑形体光热性能优化方法;以四种典型建筑形体为原型,探究不同形体在采光与能耗性能共同驱动下的优化设计方案,并由此推导出形体决策以及针对建筑方位、平面形式和教室进深具体参数的设计策略,为建筑形体光热性能优化设计提供方法借鉴,也为高校教学楼建筑设计实践提供指导。     

Modular responsive facade proposals based on semi-regular and demi-regular tessellation: daylighting and visual comfort

Responsive facades can reduce building energy consumption and control daylight and natural ventilation to improve user comfort. This study aims to develop alternative responsive facade systems based on semi-regular and demi-regular tessellations. For this purpose, first, the tessellation method used to generate responsive facades is introduced. Then, the geometric and parametric design principles and the movement capabilities of the proposed facade systems are presented. Finally, a set of analyses are performed to test and compare the performances of the facade systems based on daylight metrics and indoor glare comfort. This study contributes to the literature with the proposed facade systems that can adapt to changing environmental conditions, provide flexibility in shape control and simplicity in mechanism design, and improve building performance. The analysis results show that all the proposed facade systems provide the desired visual comfort and daylight levels at different configurations.     

探索建筑采光的优化设计之道

文章阐述了一种建筑采光设计方法，重点强调了在地域性光气候条件下的采光分析以及利用参数化模型进行采光方案的比对，以上过程保证了优化方案的获得。文中以位于广州市的某给定的建筑项目为例探讨了建筑侧窗遮阳构件可能给室内采光带来的改善，设计过程可概括为：以优化的自然光环境的优化为目标，利用参数化模型技术对于方案进行了高效的择优，最终得出了兼顾遮阳效果的采光设计方案。基于课题组前提的研究成果，文章涉及的采光模拟工作均在可反映广州地区地域性光气候特征的典型天空亮度模型（CSRS）的基础上进行。     

Optimization method for perforated solar screen design to improve daylighting using orthogonal arrays and climate-based daylight modelling

This paper analyses the influence of different perforated solar screens (PSS) in annual daylight conditions expressed using climate-based daylight metrics. The PSS design require parametric studies that are often complex and time consuming due to a large number of simulations. Hence, a new methodology is proposed to optimize PSS design by applying Design of Experiments using Orthogonal Arrays (DOA). A case study from the DOA perspective has been conducted, which involves an office space in Seville, Spain. The goal is to assess the effect of the following PSS design variables in daylighting performance: perforation percentage, matrix, shape and orientation. DOA results reveal that optimized PSS can increase daylit area by 33% and reduce over lit area by 35%, compared with reference models with no PSS. DOA method reduces the number of simulations from the 256 required to 16, so it could save time during the initial stages of building design.     

方案设计阶段建筑性能模拟方法综述

从模拟辅助设计的过程分析、建筑群性能模拟、建筑单体性能模拟和建筑性能评价方法四个方面回顾了建筑方案设计阶段节能设计的研究成果,分析了现有研究方法的不足,指出解决现有问题应首先研究方案设计阶段的特点,其次分析模拟输入参数的可获得性,并在模拟中引入不确定性分析。     

气候条件驱动下建筑计算性设计方法研究

适应气候的建筑形态是降低建筑能耗以及营造舒适微气候的主要方法之一。通过计算性设计方法,可以在方案设计阶段对建筑性能进行优化。将设计条件与决策过程向数据和算法进行转化,是实现这一优化过程的关键。以建筑体量为研究对象,基于既往气候驱动下计算性设计的相关研究,针对工作流程中气候驱动因子的多维度整合、环境性能的多元化评价以及影响因子的参数化建构三个核心环节,建立了由“特征认知-逻辑转化-方法择取”构成的决策框架,并对其中关键性技术方法进行解析。最终结合工程实践,验证计算性设计方法在气候适应性设计中的应用价值。     

Effects of real-time simulation feedback on design for visual comfort

Building performance simulations and models of human visual comfort allow us to predict daylight-caused glare using digital building models and climate data. Unfortunately, the simulation tools currently available cannot produce results fast enough for interactive use during design ideation. We developed software with the ability to predict visual discomfort in real time. However, we know little about how users react to simulation feedback presented in real time. In our study, 40 subjects with backgrounds in building design and technology completed two shading design exercises to balance glare reduction and annual daylight availability in two open office arrangements using two simulation tools with differing system response times. Subjects with access to real-time simulation feedback tested more design options, reported higher confidence in design performance and increased satisfaction with the design task, and produced better-performing final designs with respect to spatial daylight autonomy and enhanced simplified daylight glare probability.     

A simplified procedure for determining indoor daylight illuminance using daylight coefficient concept

The first step in evaluating the visual performance and energy efficiency provided by daylight requires an accurate estimation of the amount of daylight entering a building. The actual daylight illuminance of a room is mainly influenced by the luminance levels and patterns of the sky in the direction of view of the window at that time. The daylight coefficient concept, which considers the changes in the luminance of the sky elements, offers a more effective way of computing indoor daylight illuminances. Recently, Kittler et al. have proposed a new range of 15 standard sky luminance distributions including the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) standard clear sky. Lately, these 15 sky luminance models have been adopted as the CIE Standard General Skies. This paper presents a graphical method to calculate interior illuminance for the CIE standard clear sky using the daylight coefficient approach. The simplified techniques in the form of a nomograph and Waldram diagram were established and described. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated against the results obtained by an independent calculation approach and a computer simulation program. It was shown that the daylight illuminances estimated by our graphical tool were in reasonably good agreement with those produced from the other two methods. The findings provide building professionals and students a reliable and simple alternative that incorporates the daylight coefficient concept to estimate the interior daylight illuminance and assess daylighting performance.     

Optimizing building form for energy performance based on hierarchical geometry relation

Most current research using optimization with building performance was restricted to simple geometry. It considered the building form as a box, polygonal shape, or simple curvature, restricting its applicability and integration with the design process. Generally, geometry variables including length, height, and depth usually control the objective values such as the area and volume of the building. Using these variables, the energy consumption data or simulation results per area or volume are compared to find the optimal form of the building. In addition, the algorithms used to predict performance in most of optimization studies are rather unsophisticated.There are technical constraints that are caused by specific problems that building simulation and optimization tools currently pose. For example, one major constraint can be lack of automated comparisons between different conditions and sharing geometry and boundaries with ease of operability. If the technical constraints can be overcome, building performance will much more easily be integrated into the design process.This paper introduces new method to control building forms by defining hierarchical relationship between geometry points to allow the user to explore the building geometry without being restricted to a box or simple form. It illustrates how the methodology allows the generation of optimized site-specific building form by integrating advanced simulation and optimization algorithm.     

Building performance assessment of user behaviour as a post occupancy evaluation indicator: Case study on youth housing in Egypt

Youth housing prototypes are widely spread all over Egypt as a cheap economic housing for youth which are designed in a number of different shapes. A post occupancy evaluation (POE) has been conducted to one of these prototypes to assess some modifications spontaneously done by users to the original design for the sake of enhancing building performance, e.g., creating new openings to improve lighting and natural ventilation thermal comfort, and making sunshades to control direct sunlight and thermal radiation. These assessments have been validated using simulation techniques i.e. CFD, thermal and daylight simulations, to compare natural ventilation, thermal comfort, and daylight energy efficiency in the original designs to that in the user modified. A wind tunnel test has been conducted to validate the standard k–epsilon turbulence CFD simulation in addition to daylighting in-situ measurements to validate natural lighting. The outcome of this research could be widely used as an important feedback tool in the future designs of the same prototype to evaluate user behaviour role in building performance efficiency. The research showed that some of these behaviours has improved thermal comfort by 60% to 87% from the original design while daylight efficiency has been improved by 31.8% to 41.4% while sensible cooling loads’ improvement ranges from 27.4% to 77.2% for the northern zone and 29.9% to 91.6% for the southern one, and thus, it could be used as a reliable POE feedback tool.