柴油机废气再循环系统控制器的设计研究

根据增压柴油机废气再循环(EGR)系统的要求,采用动态矩阵控制(DMC)算法设计EGR系统控制器.通过仿真系统试验证实了所设计的控制器可以应用于柴油机EGR系统,并能够使EGR系统有效降低柴油机氮氧化物(NOx)的排放.     

柴油机废气再循环系统控制器的设计研究

根据增压柴油机废气再循环(EGR)系统的要求,采用动态矩阵控制(DMC)算法设计EGR系统控制器.通过仿真系统试验证实了所设计的控制器可以应用于柴油机EGR系统,并能够使EGR系统有效降低柴油机氮氧化物(NOx)的排放.     

柴油机EGR系统电控单元的设计与应用

针对增压直喷柴油机开展废气再循环(EGR)技术的研究与应用,以降低氮氧化物(NOx)排放.依据柴油机EGR控制系统的工作特点和功能要求,进行了控制系统的硬件电路设计和控制软件编写,实际控制效果良好.     

柴油机EGR系统电控单元的设计与应用

针对增压直喷柴油机开展废气再循环(EGR)技术的研究与应用,以降低氮氧化物(NOx)排放.依据柴油机EGR控制系统的工作特点和功能要求,进行了控制系统的硬件电路设计和控制软件编写,实际控制效果良好.     

借助纯氧实现柴油机NOx零排放与增压

内燃机废气排放是目前环境污染的主要来源;而处理内燃机废气排放,降低NOx排放的难度最大。可是内燃机燃料中并不含有氮元素,NOx排放主要来源于空气中的氮气在高温高压下与氧气反应。通过研究发现,利用纯氧代替空气实现内燃机的燃烧,可以实现NOx零排放;同时把燃烧后的废气再循环(exhaust gas recycle,简称EGR)引入气缸,以降低燃烧的剧烈程度,并通过控制EGR量可增压内燃机,进而可以取消增压器。     

电子蝶形EGR阀可有效降低柴油商用车排放

博格华纳的新型废气再循环（EGR）技术是不断循环的废气与空气和燃油的混合物相融合，可降低燃烧温度，从而减少氮氧化物的排放，可以帮助中型和重型柴油发动机和商用车符合日趋严格的全球排放标准。     

满足国六排放法规的EGR系统诊断

EGR技术作为一种有效降低NOx排放的方法而得到广泛应用,EGR系统能否正常工作直接影响发动机的排放效果。国六法规要求,OBD(车载诊断系统)需要对EGR系统的相关失效进行监测。本文介绍了满足国六法规要求的EGR系统诊断功能及其原理,为发动机电控系统诊断策略开发提供参考。     

柴油机废气再循环系统冷却器的数值模拟

柴油机废气再循环(EGR)技术能有效降低NOx有害排放,而EGR冷却器的结构优化是提高冷却器效率,减少NOx排放的有效手段.应用FLUENT软件对柴油机废气再循环系统冷却器的数值模拟,为柴油机废气再循环系统冷却器的设计和优化提供理论依据.     

采用文曲利管降低柴油机NOx排放

废气再循环(EGR,Exhaust Gas Recirculation)是大幅降低整机排放污染物的有效办法,也是目前较为常用和有效的措施.废气再循环(EGR)就是通过将柴油机排出的废气重新引回到气缸内参与燃烧的装置,可更好地控制和减少其尾气中NOx的排放量.文中介绍了柴油机工作时产生NOx的机理和文曲利管降低柴油机NOx排放的原理,通过对安装有文曲利管的柴油机进行试验,分析废气再循环率对柴油机动力性能和NOx排放的影响.     

基于柴油机各缸EGR率差异的分缸仿真分析

利用发动机仿真模拟软件,对电控单体泵柴油机的燃烧过程进行数值模拟分析。通过研究电控单体泵柴油机各缸实际EGR(Exhaust Gas Recycling,废气循环)率不均匀的成因以及对柴油机燃烧排放的影响,提出柴油机各缸喷油参数分缸标定的优化方案。经过对喷油量和喷油提前角同时进行分缸标定仿真模拟研究,结果表明,分缸标定能有效地解决因柴油机各缸实际EGR率差异导致的柴油机各缸燃烧不均衡的问题,并能有效降低柴油机尾气中SOOT(碳烟)和NOx(氮氧化物)的排放。     

An experimental study on heat exchange effectiveness in the diesel engine EGR coolers

Both reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engine and improving fuel consumption are important in meeting government regulations and society needs. Use of the Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system is one of the most effective techniques currently available for reducing NOx and PM emissions. However, the EGR system has a trade-off between NOx and PM emissions at high loads. In the present study, engine dynamometer experiments have been performed to investigate the heat exchange effectiveness of EGR coolers with shell & tube-type and stack-type. The results show that the heat transfer effectiveness of the stack-type EGR cooler is 25–50 % higher than that of the shell & tube type due to an increased surface area and a better mixing of the exhaust gas flow.     

The effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion stability, engine performance and exhaust emissions in a gasoline engine

The EGR system has been widely used to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission, to improve fuel economy and suppress knock by using the characteristics of charge dilution. However, as the EGR rate at a given engine operating condition increases, the combustion instability increases. The combustion instability increases cyclic variations resulting in the deterioration of engine performance and emissions. Therefore, the optimum EGR rate should be carefully determined in order to obtain the better engine performance and emissions. An experimental study has been performed to investigate the effects of EGR on combustion stability, engine performance, NOx and the other exhaust emissions from 1. 5 liter gasoline engine. Operating conditions are selected from the test result of the high speed and high acceleration region of SFTP mode which generates more NOx and needs higher engine speed compared to FTP-75 (Federal Test Procedure) mode. Engine power, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are measured with various EGR rate. Combustion stability is analyzed by examining the variation of indicated mean effective pressure (COV_imep) and the timings of maximum pressure (P_max) location using pressure sensor. Engine performance is analyzed by investigating engine power and maximum cylinder pressure and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC).     

The experimental investigations of recirculated exhaust gas on exhaust emissions in a diesel engine

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the characteristics of NOx and soot emissions under a wide range of engine loads were experimentally investigated by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, swirl chamber type, water-cooled diesel engine operating at three engine speeds. The purpose of this study was to develop the EGR-control system for reducing NOx and soot emissions simultaneously in diesel engines. The EGR system is used to reduce NOx emissions, and a novel diesel soot removal device with a cylinder-type scrubber for the experiment system was specially designed and manufactured to reduce soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to the intake system of the engine. The experiments were performed at the fixed fuel injection timing of 4° ATDC regardless of experimental conditions. It was found that soot emissions in exhaust gases were reduced by 20 to 70% when the scrubber was applied in the range of the experimental conditions, and that NOx emissions decreased markedly, especially at higher loads, while soot emissions increased owing to the decrease in intake and exhaust oxygen concentrations, and the increase in equivalence ratio as the EGR rate is elevated.     

A study of the fouling characteristics of EGR coolers in diesel engines

Diesel emission regulations have recently become more severe. An important goal in diesel engine research is the development of methods to reduce the emissions of NOx and PM (particulate matter). Cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system has been widely used to reduce the NOx and PM emissions of light-duty diesel engines. In this study, numerical analyses, rig tests and engine tests were performed to assess how changes in internal shape characteristics can improve the heat exchange efficiencies of EGR coolers. The heat exchange efficiencies of EGR coolers have been numerically and experimentally measured during a fouling process. The results show that the second type of oval EGR cooler tested (oval #2) exhibited better heat exchange efficiency than either the first type of oval EGR cooler was tested (oval #1) or the shell and tube cooler examined. The turbulence generated in exhaust gas flows by the wavy-finned design of the oval EGR coolers facilitated PM desorption that allows these coolers to self-purify. With respect to the two similar oval EGR coolers, the cooler with fin pitch 4 mm has better efficiency than the cooler with fin pitch 6 mm due to differences in the heat transfer areas of these coolers. Both CFD analyses involving extreme conditions of engine operation and engine fouling tests involving conditions experienced during vehicular operation indicate that the two oval coolers differed by less than 4% with respect to both initial heat transfer efficiency and heat transfer efficiency after a 78-hour fouling test.     

选择性催化还原反应器数值模拟及仿真研究

以柴油机为动力装置排放的氮氧化物是大气的首要污染物,选择性催化还原技术(SCR)是控制氮氧化物的主流技术.文中建立了耦合计算流体动力学和化学动力学的实际柴油机尿素-SCR反应系统的三维数值模型,对SCR系统的内部工作过程进行了模拟仿真.分析各种参数的变化对尿素-SCR系统NOx转化率的影响,为优化尿素SCR反应器的结构指出研究方向,使其在各种环境下,氮氧化物的转化率都能达到比较理想值,以降低氮氧化物的排放,减小对环境的污染和破坏.     

SCR技术在国内车用柴油机上的应用

选择催化还原技术（SCR）是降低车用柴油机NOx排放的机外措施之一。阐述了SCR技术的机理、系统组成及工作原理,介绍了国内车用柴油机SCR技术的研究情况及还需解决的问题。     

基于 EGR 耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术

为了提升柴油机应用过程有害废气排放控制的效果,提出基于 EGR 耦合米勒循环的柴油机排放控制技术。以燃油燃烧各阶段为基础,构建柴油机燃烧模型,分别深入分析 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术对废气排放的影响,衡量指标为 EGR 率与米勒度。以废气排放影响分析结果为依据,以排放控制效果最佳为目标,确定 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术的最佳耦合方案,实现柴油机废气排放的最佳控制。实验数据表明,应用 EGR 耦合米勒循环技术后,废气排放量低于实际废气排放量,并低于 EGR 技术与米勒循环技术对应排放量,充分证实了该技术具备较好的排放控制效果,为大气环境保护提供帮助。     

Experimental verification of optimized NOX reduction strategies in a decrepit Euro-3 diesel engine retrofitted with a cooled EGR system

Vehicle-produced NOx is among emissions that deteriorate human health and the environment. To regulate the NOx emissions from transport, especially from diesel-powered vehicles, various standards have been established globally, and regulations are becoming more stringent across the world. Considerable NOx from diesel vehicles are due to the compression ignition characteristics of engines. Accordingly, to meet the national and global standards, manifold advanced aftertreatment technologies, such as EGR, SCR and LNT, have been developed and widely adopted since introduction of the Euro-4 standards in 2006. In Korea, current allowable NOx standards have been greatly reinforced to one fourth of the permissible level in 2004 and one sixth in 2000. However, the percentage of diesel vehicles in Korea more than 10 years old, manufactured prior to Euro-4, is still significant, accounting for 29% of passenger vehicles, 32% of buses, and 45% of trucks in total registration. Against this backdrop, tremendous efforts are required to improve air quality, especially in metropolitan areas. Of all technical options currently available, installing a cooler to typical EGR systems is considered as a more efficient way for superannuated diesel vehicles to meet the Euro-4 than installing a SCR or LNT in terms of technical acceptability and costeffectiveness. In this study, NOx characteristics of a decrepit Euro-3 diesel engine are thoroughly analyzed before and after the installation of the EGR coolers with different cooling capacities. By applying real time control of EGR rate and exhaust backpressure in calibration procedures, optimized NOx reduction strategies are established.

     

Emission characteristics of exhaust gases and nanoparticles from a diesel engine with biodiesel-diesel blended fuel (BD20)

This experimental study sought to investigate the characteristics of the exhaust emissions, and nanoparticle size distribution of particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel engines fueled with 20% biodiesel-diesel blended fuel (BD20). The study also investigated the conversion efficiency of the warm-up catalytic converter (WCC). The emission characteristics of HC, CO, NOx and nano-sized PM were also observed according to engine operating conditions with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The study revealed that the maximum torque achievable with the biodieseldiesel blended fuel was slightly lower than that achievable with neat diesel fuel at high-load conditions. Smoke was decreased by more than 20% in all 13 modes. While the CO and THC emissions of BD20 slightly decreased, the NOx emission of BD20 increased by 3.7%. Measured using the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), the total number and total mass of the nanoparticles in the size range between 10.6nm and 385nm were reduced by about 10% and 25%, respectively, when going from D100 to BD20. The particle number and mass for both fuels were reduced by about 43% when going from with EGR to without EGR. When EGR was applied in the engine system, the particle number and mass were reduced by 24%, and 16%, respectively, when going from D100 to BD20.