ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜的制备及其特性分析

采用射频磁控溅射工艺在玻璃衬底上制备出c轴择优取向的ZnO:Al(AZO)透明导电薄膜,靶材为AZO(2;质量分数Al2O3)陶瓷靶.对在不同溅射功率下沉积出来的薄膜运用X射线衍射(XRD)、可见光区透射谱、四探针方法分别进行结构和光电特性的表征.得出在200W下沉积的膜性能最好,可见光区平均透过率达到89;以上,电阻率最低为9.3×10-4Ω·cm.     

氧气流量对MPCVD制备微/纳米双层金刚石膜的影响

应用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)技术,以CH4/H2/Ar为主要气源,成功制备出了微/纳米双层金刚石膜.同时,在纳米膜层生长过程中,通过添加O2辅助气体,研究了不同O2流量对微/纳米金刚石膜生长的影响.结果表明,当O2流量在0 ～ 0.8 sccm范围时,所获得的金刚石膜仍为微/纳米两层膜结构;当氧气流量增加到1.2 sccm时,金刚石膜只有一层微米膜结构;而O2流量在0～ 1.2 sccm范围时,纳米层晶粒尺寸及品质与氧气流量成正比例关系.表明适量引入O2可以促进纳米层晶粒长大和提高膜品质.另外,当O2流量为0.8 sccm,所制备的微/纳米金刚石膜不仅品质好,而且生长率也较高.     

反应溅射法制备AZO薄膜的结构和透明导电性能

不同于常用的金属或氧化物靶材,本研究以表面粘贴Al片的Zn/ZnO混合物(Al@Zn/ZnO)为靶材,在衬底温度(Ts)为150℃和300℃,溅射气氛为Ar+O2和Ar+H2下反应溅射制备Al掺杂ZnO(AZO)薄膜.通过干涉显微镜、XRD、Hall效应测试仪、紫外-可见分光光度计研究了Ts以及O2和H2流量对薄膜结构及透明导电性能的影响.结果发现,随O2流量增加,两种Ts下制备的AZO薄膜保持(002)择优取向,薄膜中压应力呈下降的趋势,而薄膜结晶度趋向于先增加后略有下降.薄膜的导电性能随O2流量增加呈逐渐增强的趋势.当O2流量高于一定值时,薄膜可以获得较高的可见光透过率,因此达到较高的品质因子.当Ts从150℃ 增加到300℃,薄膜的压应力降低,结晶度提高,但导电性未见明显提高.另外,薄膜禁带宽度主要由薄膜中压应力决定.与Ar+O2下制备的AZO薄膜相比,Ar+H2气氛下制备的薄膜基本上为非晶态,其导电性能差,而可见光透过率较高、禁带宽度较大.     

反应溅射法制备高透明导电ZnO薄膜的研究

利用Zn/ZnO复合靶材,通过射频磁控溅射技术,在衬底温度为150℃时分别在Ar+O2和Ar+H2的混合气氛中制备ZnO薄膜,通过干涉显微镜、XRD、Hall效应测试仪、紫外-可见分光光度计研究了O2和H2流量对薄膜结构及透明导电性能的影响.结果发现,薄膜厚度随O2流量增加而明显增加而随H2流量增加呈下降趋势.只有通入合适流量的O2或H2,薄膜才能保持(002)择优取向、较高的结晶度以及较小的压应力,同时在薄膜中形成高浓度Vo和/或Hi等缺陷,因此有效降低ZnO薄膜的电阻率,并保持高的透光率,从而改善ZnO薄膜透明导电性能.当前研究中,当O2和H2流量分别为0.4 sccm和2.0 sccm时,得到的最低电阻率分别为6.33×10-3和2.51×10-3Ω·cm,平均透光率均大约为81.5;,相应的最高品质因子分别为1.04×10-3和1.29×10-3 Ω-1.     

氧气流量对MgxZn1-xO薄膜择优取向的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积技术,选用靶材为Mg0.5Zn0.5O陶瓷靶材,在非晶石英衬底上研究氧气流量对MgxZn1-xO合金薄膜生长取向的影响.结果表明:在低压、低氧气流量条件下薄膜的成核生长主要受控于晶面的表面能,薄膜为(200)晶向;在沉积压强8.0Pa时,随着氧气流量的增加,反应粒子的能量降低,不同取向晶粒的生长速率发生变化,导致MgZnO薄膜的生长取向由(200)择优取向转变为(111)择优取向.当氧气流量过大(70 sccm)时,由于氧气分子迁移能的提高,MgZnO薄膜呈现多个不同生长取向.     

氧气流量对射频磁控溅射制备Cu2O薄膜性能的影响

通过磁控溅射方法在玻璃衬底上制备Cu2O薄膜,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、分光光度计、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等研究了氧气流量对Cu2O薄膜性能的影响.结果表明:氧气流量为4.2 sccm时,薄膜为单相的Cu2O,具有较高的结晶质量和可见光透过率,光学带隙为2.29 eV,薄膜的导电类型是p型且空穴浓度为2×1016 cm-3.通过XPS能谱分析Cu 2p3/2和O 1s结合能,确定了薄膜中Cu以+1价存在.     

B掺杂量对LPCVD生长大面积ZnO透明导电薄膜性能的影响

采用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)技术在大面积的玻璃衬底上制备了B掺杂ZnO(BZO)透明导电薄膜,研究了不同B2H6掺杂量对BZO薄膜微观形貌、导电能力及其均匀性、透光率等性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的BZO薄膜表面具有自生长的绒面结构;B2H6掺杂量由30 sccm增加到60 sccm,BZO薄膜的方阻由28.6Ω/□减小到14.1 Ω/□,导电能力显著增强,同时方阻均匀性也明显提升;BZO薄膜在长波区的透光率随B2H6掺杂量的增加而明显降低,综合透光率结果,最佳B2H6掺杂量控制在60～ 90 sccm之间.     

超声喷雾热解法制备铝掺杂氧化锌薄膜

采用超声喷雾热解法在玻璃衬底上制作了不同浓度Al掺杂的ZnO: Al薄膜(AZO).采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光(PL)、反射光谱(Res)、四探针测试仪等测试了不同Al掺杂浓度下AZO薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构和光学、电学性能.SEM结果表明低掺杂浓度时AZO表面致密,随着Al浓度的增加薄膜表面孔洞增多,平整度降低.XRD结果表明当nZn/nAl物质的量比为100: 5时, AZO薄膜为c轴择优取向纤锌矿结构.PL谱结果表明不同浓度的Al掺杂AZO薄膜具有近带边紫外发射和深能级发射两个发射峰,且紫外发射峰随着Al3+浓度的增加先蓝移后红移.反射光谱表明所有样品在可见光区的反射率较低..方阻测试结果表明当nZn/nAl为100: 5时,AZO薄膜具有良好的导电性.     

衬底温度对Al掺杂ZnO薄膜结构及其光电性能的影响

利用溅射方法制备了Al掺杂ZnO(AZO)薄膜,探究了衬底温度对薄膜的形貌特征、结构和光电性能的调控.实验结果表明:衬底温度可以调控AZO薄膜的生长方式以及光电性能.随着衬底温度的升高,AZO薄膜从无规则的形状转变为球形并且其颗粒尺寸逐渐减小.XRD分析表明样品的结晶质量随着衬底温度的升高而变佳.透射光谱研究发现,在低衬底温度下,400 nm附近处有一吸收台阶,随着衬底温度升高,此吸收台阶消失,表明衬底温度影响着AZO内部的缺陷.电学性质研究表明随着衬底温度升高,AZO薄膜的导电性能也随着升高,电阻率从9×10-2 Ω·cm降到5×10-3 Q·cm.而其载流子浓度从6×1019 cm-3增加到2.2×1020 cm-3.     

溅射气压对直流电源磁控溅射制备掺铝氧化锌薄膜性能的影响

以ZnO∶Al2O3(2wt%)陶瓷为溅射靶材,采用直流磁控溅射的方法,在普通玻璃衬底上制备ZnO∶Al(AZO)薄膜,研究了溅射气压对AZO薄膜的结构特性、表面形貌及其光电性的影响。XRD和SEM测试表明所有样品均为多晶六角纤锌矿结构,薄膜呈(002)晶面择优生长。用体积百分比为0.5%稀盐酸对制备的AZO薄膜进行腐蚀制绒,腐蚀后其表面形貌随溅射气压的不同而改变。在适当溅射气压下(～1.5m Torr)制备的薄膜,通过溅射后腐蚀工艺,可获得表面形貌具有特征陷光结构的AZO薄膜,其表面呈现"弹坑"状,薄膜的绒度随表面形貌的不同而变化。同时通过优化制备工艺,所有溅射气压下制备的AZO薄膜在可见光及近红外范围的平均透过率大于80%,电阻率低于8.5×10-4Ω·cm,可以满足硅基薄膜太阳电池对透明前电极光电性能的要求。     

沉积氧压对Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7薄膜的结构和介电特性的影响

采用固相反应法合成具有焦绿石立方结构的Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7(BZN)陶瓷靶材,采用脉冲激光沉积法在Pt/SiO2/Si(100)基片上制备立方BZN薄膜。研究了沉积氧压的变化对薄膜的结晶性能,微观形貌以及介电性能的影响。结果表明:沉积的BZN薄膜都呈现出立方焦绿石单相结构,但是薄膜的取向随氧压变化而变化。当沉积氧压为10 Pa时,薄膜的(222)晶面拥有最强的择优取向。随着氧压的升高,BZN薄膜的介电常数明显降低。在10 Pa氧压下沉积的BZN薄膜展示出介电可调特性为5%(500 kV/cm)。     

Influence of oxidization temperature on Zn(O,S) films deposited by electron beam evaporation

Zn(O,S) films were fabricated by oxidizing ZnS thin films deposited by electron beam evaporation method onto glass substrates at temperatures of 350–500℃ for 2 h in an atmosphere of oxygen. The XRD and EDX confirmed that the Zn(O,S) films were obtained successfully. The influence of the oxidization temperature on the optical and electrical properties of the Zn(O,S) thin films was investigated. The experimental results show that the Zn(O,S) thin film oxidized at the temperature of 400℃ exhibits better properties than others, with the transmittance of 86% in the visible region, the band gap energy of 3.36 eV and the resistivity of 3.22 × 10³ Ω·cm, which makes it a potential buffer layer of solar cell.     

UV,violet and blue‐green luminescence from RF sputter deposited ZnO:Al thin films

The mechanism of ultraviolet (UV), violet and blue green emission from ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films deposited at different radio frequency (r.f.) powers on glass substrates was investigated. The structure and surface morphology of AZO films have also been observed. The optical transmittance spectra shows more than 80% transmittance in the visible region and the band gap is found to be directly allowed. From the photoluminescence measurement, intense UV and blue green luminescence is obtained for the samples deposited at higher sputtering powers. The mechanism of luminescence suggests that UV luminescence of AZO thin film is related to the transition from near band edge to the valence band and the concentration of antisite oxide (O_zn) increases with increase in r.f. power which in turn increases the intensity of green band emission while the violet PL is due to the defect level transition in the grain boundaries of AZO films. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

利用直流磁控溅射法在柔性衬底上制备ZnO: Zr新型透明导电薄膜

室温下利用直流磁控溅射法在有ZnO缓冲层的柔性衬底 PET上制备出了可见光透过率高、电阻率低的掺锆氧化锌(ZnO: Zr)透明导电薄膜,研究了厚度对ZnO: Zr薄膜结构及光电性能的影响.结果表明,ZnO: Zr薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜.实验获得ZnO: Zr薄膜的最小电阻率为2.4×10-3 Ω·cm,其霍尔迁移率为18.9 cm2·V-1·s-1 ,载流子浓度为2.3×1020 cm-3.实验制备的ZnO: Zr薄膜具有良好的附着性能,其可见光平均透过率超过92;.     

脉冲式退火法对AZO薄膜性能的研究

用磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了掺铝氧化锌(AZO)薄膜,然后用脉冲式快速光热处火(PRTP)法对样品进行了600～800℃的退火处理.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、分光光度计、四探针等测试手段对AZO薄膜的结晶性能、透光率和导电性能进行了表征.结果表明:(1)薄膜退火后透光率基本维持在退火前(82～92;)的水平,而电阻率则由10-4Ω·cm 上升了1到6个数量级,已丧失了"导电膜"意义;(2)样品具有好的结构性能有利于提高样品的导电性能.对此现象进行了理论分析.     

磁控溅射Cu薄膜的光电性能研究

利用磁控溅射技术,通过正交试验设计方法,在K9光学玻璃基底上制备了Cu薄膜,研究了溅射时间、基底温度和氩气流量对Cu薄膜光电性能的影响.研究表明:Cu薄膜的透射谱在紫外波段362 nm处有明显吸收峰,但在可见光波段吸收强度较弱,说明Cu膜在可见波段有较高的透光性;膜厚度增加则光学透射率降低.电阻率随膜厚的增大,大体上呈逐渐减小的趋势;1100 nm 为临界尺寸,Cu膜厚度<1100 nm时,电阻率值变化较快;Cu薄膜厚度>1100 nm时,电阻率变化缓慢至定值.当溅射时间为25 min、基底温度为300 ℃、氩气流量为6.9 sccm时所得样品在紫外-可见光区没有吸收,且导电性好.     

Optical properties of Al‐doped ZnO thin films deposited by two different sputtering methods

Aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited on sapphire (002) and glass substrates by two different sputtering techniques radio frequency magnetron cosputtering of AZO and ZnO targets and sputtering of an AZO target. The dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) and transmittance properties of the AZO films deposited by cosputtering and sputtering on the AZO/ZnO target power ratio, R and the O₂/Ar flow ratio, r were investigated, respectively. Only a deep level emission peak appears in the PL spectra of cosputtered AZO films whereas both UV emission and deep level emission peaks are observed in the PL spectra of sputtered AZO films. The absorption edges in the transmittance spectra of the AZO films shift to the lower wavelength region as R and r increase. Also effects of crystallinity, surface roughness, PL on the transmittance of the AZO films were explained using the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and PL analysis results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The effect of oxygen partial pressure on physical properties of nano‐crystalline silver oxide thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering

Nano‐crystalline silver oxide films were deposited on glass and silicon substrates held at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering of silver target under different oxygen partial pressures. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of deposited films was investigated. Varying oxygen partial pressure during the sputter deposition leads to changes of mixed phase of Ag₂O and Ag to a single phase of Ag₂O and to AgO. The X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed the formation of single phase Ag₂O with cubic structure at oxygen partial pressures of 2x10^‐2 Pa while the films deposited at higher oxygen partial pressure of 9x10^‐2 Pa showed the formation of single phase of AgO with monoclinic structure. Raman spectroscopic studies on the single phase Ag₂O showed the stretching vibration of Ag‐O bonds. Single‐phase Ag₂O films obtained at oxygen partial pressure of 2x10^‐2 Pa were nano‐crystalline with crystallite size of 20 nm and possessed an electrical resistivity of 5.2x10^‐3 Ωcm and optical band gap of 2.05 eV. The films deposited at higher oxygen partial pressure of 9x10^‐2 Pa were of AgO with electrical resistivity of 1.8x10^‐2 Ωcm and optical band gap of 2.13 eV. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

PET上沉积Al掺杂ZnO薄膜的光电特性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积技术(PLD),室温下在柔性衬底PET上制备了高度c轴择优取向的Al掺杂ZnO薄膜.XRD分析表明,不同Al掺杂浓度的样品均呈现单一的ZnO相.荧光光谱和透射光谱分析显示,低温低氧压下制备的Al掺杂ZnO薄膜在紫光区域有很强的荧光发射,在可见光区域具有较高的透射率;并且可以通过Al掺杂浓度调节薄膜紫色发光强度和薄膜带隙.薄膜的电阻率随着Al掺杂浓度的增加先降低后增加,在掺杂浓度为3;原子分数时达到最小值.     

Effect of Thermal Annealing on Structural Properties,Morphologies and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Grown by MOCVD

TiO₂ thin films, were deposited on Si(100) and Si(111) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at 500 °C, and have been annealed for 2 min, 30 min and 10 hours at the temperature from 600 °C to 900 °C, in oxygen and air flow, respectively. XRD and atomic force microscopy characterized the structural properties and surface morphologies of the films. As‐deposited films show anatase polycrystalline structure with a surface morphology of regular rectangled grains with distinct boundaries. Rutile phase formed for films annealed above 600 °C, and pure rutile polycrystalline films with (110) orientation can be obtained after annealing under adequate conditions. Rutile annealed films exhibit a surface morphology of equiaxed grains without distinct boundaries. The effects of substrate orientation, annealing time and atmosphere on the structure and surface morphology of films have also been studied. Capacitance‐Voltage measurements have been performed for films deposited on Si(100) before and after annealing. The dielectric properties of TiO₂ films were greatly improved by thermal annealing above 600 °C in oxygen.