影响弹簧支承式推力轴承性能的几个因素

本文对弹簧支承式推力轴承进行了三维热弹流研究,发现变形量对轴承性能有很大影响,为此,着重分析了决定轴承变形和油膜形状分布的几个因素对轴承性能影响情况,研究表明,弹簧布置方式,轴瓦厚度和型面形状能严重改变轴承性能,在进行轴承设计时必须对上述因素进行了优化,并提出了一些优化建议。     

EMP径向滑动轴承热弹变形对润滑特性的影响

ＥＭＰ径向滑动轴承特殊的轴瓦材料特性使得其热弹变形对轴承的润滑特性,如油膜的最小间隙、油膜压力和温度分布影响较大。为此本文建立了完整的热弹变形模型,采用有限差分的方法,通过在不同载荷的情况下,对ＥＭＰ径向滑动轴承在计入和未计入热弹复合变形的两种情形进行对比,从而揭示了热弹变形影响轴承工作性能参数的内在规律。     

多瓦可倾瓦轴承的瞬态热弹流润滑性能分析

建立多瓦可倾瓦轴承瞬态热弹流润滑的数学模型,分析多瓦可倾瓦轴承在启动阶段的瞬态润滑性能,通过计算得到轴承由初始位置运动到平衡位置的轴心运动轨迹,并得到平衡位置时轴承的各项润滑性能参数,包括油膜厚度、流体动压力、瓦面温度与瓦面热弹变形等。结果表明,在开机启动阶段,轴心轨迹需要经历一段时间历程才能收敛于平衡位置,在载荷较小情况下,热变形对润滑性能的影响要比弹性变形大。     

大型重载推力轴承热弹流计算及尺寸效应

针对考虑热弹变形的大型重载推力轴承性能预测和尺寸效应问题,对某大型重载推力轴承进行热弹流计算,研究轴承性能随极端载荷与尺寸的变化规律。介绍可倾瓦推力轴承热弹流模型的基本方程,通过计算得到不同尺寸和比压下的轴承性能数据,讨论大型重载轴承的尺寸效应。结果表明:案例轴承瓦块最高油膜压力应远离瓦尖,靠近瓦块支点,该设计有利于压力分布均匀而提高承载力;对于大尺寸推力轴承,由于变形的影响,当载荷超过某一限制值后,轴承性能会随着载荷的稍微增加而发生剧烈变化,甚至导致烧瓦失效。为了避免该现象出现,推力轴承设计时应该进行最大许用比压校核;对于大型重载,还需进行瓦块弹性支撑或平衡梁等均载结构设计。     

大型推力轴承热弹流动力润滑的性能计算

本文采用差分法解二维雷诺方法，能量方程；以边界无法求解轴承瓦体的三维温度场及瓦面热弹位移；对某水电厂大型推力轴承进行了热弹流体动力润滑性能分析；比较了不同进油边温度下推力轴承热弹流分析结果，及推力轴承在升速与降速时的性能。结果表明，进油边温度对推力轴承热弹流动力润滑性能计算的准确性有较大的影响。采用进油边温度迭代所得的推力轴承热弹流动力润滑性能计算值与实测值吻合良好。     

计及轴受载变形的粗糙表面轴承热弹性流体动力润滑分析

同时计及表面形貌、热效应和轴承表面(热和弹性)变形等,对轴受到载荷作用产生变形,导致轴颈在轴承中倾斜时滑动轴承的热弹性流体动力润滑性能进行研究,主要分析讨论表面热变形等对粗糙表面倾斜轴颈轴承热弹性流体动力润滑性能的影响.计算中,采用基于平均流量模型的广义Reynolds方程进行轴承的润滑分析,采用变形矩阵方法计算轴承表面(热和弹性)变形,采用能量方程和热传导方程计算润滑油和轴承的温度分布.结果表明,计及表面热变形时,半径间隙对轴承最大油膜压力、最小油膜厚度、油膜压力和油膜厚度的分布有较大影响;轴承载荷越大,表面热变形对轴承性能的影响越显著;表面热变形对轴承性能的影响程度与转速高低有直接关系,转速越高,表面热变形的影响越大;相比于表面弹性变形,表面热变形对轴承性能的影响较大;表面形貌是否影响轴承性能以及影响程度与轴承表面变形情况有较大关系,仅考虑热变形时,表面形貌有一定影响,同时考虑热变形和弹性变形时,表面形貌的影响非常小.     

计入套圈变形和润滑影响的球轴承动刚度研究

针对传统拟静力学分析方法未考虑轴承套圈热变形、离心力变形和弹流润滑作用引起轴承内部沟道曲率中心与滚动体中心几何位置关系的变化,难以准确反映轴承动刚度不足的现状,建立了计入套圈变形和弹流润滑影响的轴承拟静力学修正模型。采用所建立的模型研究了轴承不同工作转速和预紧力条件下轴承热变形、离心力变形和润滑油膜对动刚度的影响规律,通过与Gupta等典型算例及实验的对比验证,证实了所建立模型及分析结果的有效性。     

卧式水电机组用径向滑动轴承热弹流特性分析

研究轴颈挠度和瓦块表面热弹变形对卧式水电机组径向滑动轴承静态润滑性能的影响。推导考虑轴颈挠度和轴瓦热弹变形后的油膜厚度表达式;用中心差分法结合ANSYS软件联立求解雷诺方程、能量方程、固体热传导方程、密度方程、黏度方程和轴瓦热弹变形等,得到径向滑动轴承的热弹流润滑(TEHD)特性,并与不计入轴颈挠度及轴瓦热弹变形的油膜动压润滑特性进行比较。结果表明:在考虑轴颈挠度和轴瓦瓦面热弹变形的影响后,油膜压力、温度、厚度沿着轴承宽度中心线的对称特性消失;油膜压力峰值增大,峰值点位置由轴向中心区偏移至出口区;油膜温度峰值增大,最高温度发生在出口区;润滑区内的最小油膜厚度大幅度减小,油膜最小厚度处于出口侧边界附近;轴承润滑流量减小,损耗略有增大;轴承稳态运行时,轴颈偏位角基本一致。     

EMP径向滑动轴承三维热弹流有限元分析与研究

ＥＭＰ径向滑动轴承的热弹变形对轴承的润滑性能影响较大。当采用Ｗｉｎｋｌｅｒ假设将其简化为梁来计算时与实际结果相比误差较大。为此采用了一种轴承热弹流有限元分析的计算模型,按照三维有限元的方法对其进行了全面的热弹变形分析,同时结合广义雷诺方程、能量方程等进行耦合计算和分析。计算表明：三维有限元方法同Ｗｉｎｋｌｅｒ假设相比,更能反映油膜和轴瓦的温度分布,有助于揭示轴承的润滑特性。     

动压推力轴承的三维热弹流润滑特性分析

本文提出了一种基于双向流-固-热耦合的动压润滑推力轴承三维热弹流润滑特性数值计算方法,并应用于某大型泵用推力轴承的设计分析。通过建立推力轴承的双向流-固-热耦合数值计算模型,求解其三维热弹流特性,得到了额定工况下的液膜厚度分布、液膜压力分布以及轴承主要部件的温度分布和综合热弹变形等。分析结果表明:润滑液膜在厚度方向上的压力梯度近似为零,但存在着较大的温度梯度,综合热弹变形使螺栓支撑巴氏合金瓦推力轴承瓦面呈上凸变形,推力盘下表面呈下凸变形。     

大偏心下滑动轴承热弹流润滑状态及特性*

滑动轴承在大偏心条件下工作时，热效应及弹性变形使得油膜润滑状态发生变化，进而影响摩擦特性。为此建立耦合轴瓦弹性变形、轴颈轴瓦粗糙峰接触、油膜温度分布及黏温-黏压关系的滑动轴承混合润滑模型，采用有限差分法求解得到不同工况下油膜压力场、温度场分布，分析热效应及弹性变形对润滑状态转变及轴承各特性参数的影响；搭建实验台测量试件内表面温度分布，测试结果验证了计算模型的正确性。结果表明：大偏心时热效应和弹性变形使得油膜润滑状态出现转化；粗糙峰的接触使摩擦热增加，且在最小油膜处形成温度峰值；热效应和轴瓦弹性变形使得接触压力峰值集中在轴承两端，承载能力和摩擦力均有所下降。     

UHMWPE基水润滑尾轴承润滑特性仿真及试验研究

针对UHMWPE基高分子复合材料水润滑轴承的润滑特性开展研究。采用双向流固耦合算法研究弹性模量和泊松比等材料参数以及转速、负载等工况参数对水润滑轴承偏心率、最大水膜压力、轴承最大变形量、最小水膜厚度、摩擦因数等润滑特性的影响。基于改性UHMWPE高分子复合材料轴承的试验,验证了仿真方法的正确性。研究表明:计入弹性变形的流固耦合算法在研究高分子复合材料轴承性能方面具有更高的精度;随轴瓦材料弹性模量和泊松比的增大,轴承承载力逐渐增大、弹性变形量逐渐减小;随负载增大,轴承最大水膜压力和最大变形量基本呈线性增长;随转速增大,轴承最大水膜压力和轴承最大变形量显著减小;对于高分子复合材料轴承,低速、重载工况下不计入弹性变形的算法误差更大。     

Effect of Bearing Surroundings on the High-Speed Spindle-Bearing Compliance

This paper investigates the effect of bearing assembly tolerance on spindle-bearing compliance. In a high-speed spindle system, the bearing characteristics are influenced significantly by the initial assembly tolerances and the thermal deformation of the bearing surroundings. In the very early stage of spindle operation, spindle bearings could be under hazardous conditions owing to the rapid change of the internal pressure resulting from thermal deformation or centrifugal force-oriented deformation. The bearing’s internal clearance also may be changed by the operating conditions such as external load, rotational speed, and operating cycle time. To determine the initial tolerance and the optimal cooling regimen, a comprehensive dynamic modelling and analysis of a high-speed spindle system in terms of bearing pressure, bearing compliance, and heat generation is required with consideration of those effects. Moreover, in order to predict spindle characteristics in operation, all of these parameters should be monitored and recalculated in real-time. For this purpose, very simple and effective equations are suggested, representing the bearing stiffness in accordance with the thermal deformation. Most former bearing analyses were based on the Hertzian contact model, without considering the radial elastic defor-mation of the races. In this paper, analytical and experimental investigations of the bearing compliance are conducted with consideration of both the elastic deformation of the race and the thermal deformation of the housing in terms of the bearing stiffness. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed equations, which are simple and useful for fast calculation of the bearing stiffness by dynamic simulation.     

辊压机液体静压轴承的设计及性能研究

辊压机滚动轴承存在的寿命短、体型大、经济性低等缺点,严重制约辊压机向着大型化方向发展。设计一种可替代滚动轴承的液体静压轴承并进行轴承性能分析。为了提高辊压机轴承在两辊水平轴线方向的承载力,将轴承设计为定量供油式的沿周向呈不等面积油腔分布的静压轴承。考虑弹性变形的影响,采用流体动力润滑理论研究轴承的各项性能。结果表明,所设计的轴承基本可以满足轴承的承载力、稳定运转等要求。考虑弹性变形后,压力分布变化较小,最小油膜厚度增大且呈中间大两头小的分布规律,可能会导致轴承两端磨损较快,轴承制造时可以采取适当提高轴承材料性能的方法来降低这种可能性。     

Analyses of thermal hydrodynamic lubrication in high-speed rolling. Part I: the effect of the roller's elastic deformation

A study of thermal hydrodynamic lubrication for high-speed strip rolling, which includes the roller's elastic deformation, was developed for a lubricant whose rheological behaviour satisfies the Barus' model. The difference in lubricating performances between an elastic roller and a rigid roller was assessed using parameters such as film thickness and pressure; temperature distributions in the fluid film, roller, and workpiece; separating force and shear torque. The elastic roller was made either of a unique material or its substrate was coated with one layer of a harder material to improve the wear resistance. The elastic deformation of the roller was obtained with the aid of Hitchcock's elastic-deformation theory and the biharmonic equation of Airy's stress function. It was found that the elastic deformation produces a substantial effect on some rolling characteristics.     

Transient analysis of misaligned elastic tilting-pad journal bearing

For several reasons, almost all bearings operate in a misaligned condition, the present research work deals with analyzing the performance of a misaligned tilting-pad journal bearing under transient loading condition. The elastic and thermal distortions of the pad are considered and finite element analysis is used to calculate the pad’s elastic deformation. Using finite difference method, the Reynolds equation is simultaneously solved with the energy equation to calculate the pressure distribution and hence the other bearing performance characteristics. A modified fluid film thickness equation is used to take the effect of shaft misalignment and bearing elastic and thermal distortion into consideration.The results have shown that considering the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic distortion improves the bearing performance in the case of misalignment shaft. And, at low values of shaft misalignment, the decrease in oil film thickness due to shaft misalignment is compensated by the increase in oil film thickness due to elastic and thermal distortions.     

挠性气体动压径向轴承的理论分析

本文对挠性气体动压径向轴承提出了一种新的理论分析方法。用等参有限元法分析二维动压润滑，借助于约束矩阵和简化递推算法求解弹性体变形，得到了一定转速和偏心距下的气膜厚度和压力分布，计算了轴承的承载能力，刚度和起动力矩等性能参数。     

Performance of flexible shell journal bearings with variable viscosity lubricants

In heavily loaded rotating machines, both the deformation of the elastic bearing shell and the dependence of lubricant viscosity on pressure become significant and may result in an appreciable change in the performance of the journal bearing system. In this paper, stable solutions for bearing deformation and the lubricant flow field are obtained which combine the effects of the elastic deformation of the bearing shell with the pressure-viscosity dependence of the lubricant. Two elastic models were tried for deformation calculations in the bearing. One which was computationally economical and consistent in accuracy was adopted for the detailed computation. The effects of bearing deformation on the performance characteristics of the journal bearing system are reported for both isoviscous and variable viscosity lubricants.     

轴瓦弹性变形对固定瓦-可倾瓦组合径向滑动轴承润滑特性的影响

采用一种新型耦合算法,将有限差分法和3D有限元法综合应用于求解油膜压力和轴瓦弹性变形过程中。与其他算法相比,该算法更为科学、合理,同时具有收敛快、精度高的特点。通过对固定瓦-可倾瓦组合径向滑动轴承的研究,分析轴瓦弹性变形对油膜厚度、油膜压力、油膜承载力、摩擦阻力及轴承端泄量等润滑性能的影响。研究结果表明,在大偏心率的情况下,轴瓦弹性变形对轴承润滑性能影响较大。