基于效率函数求解单件车间调度问题算法的完善

单件小批量生产形式下的单件车间（Job-shop)调度是生产计划中的一个重要问题，本文在文献[1]提出的求解Job-shop调度问题的动排算法及调解算法的基础上，做出了进一步的修改和完善，在调解算法中引入了交换与移动相结合的机制以提高调解效率，并在VBA For Projcet2000中实现了该算法，经分析及实验验证，利用这种算法求解Job-shop调度问题，可得到十分满意的结果。     

求解Job-shop调度问题的遗传蚁群算法*

描述了Job-shop调度问题,研究遗传算法和蚁群算法在解决Job-shop问题中的优点和不足,融合遗传算法和蚁群算法设计了遗传蚁群算法以求解Job-shop调度问题,并对算法进行了仿真实验,通过与遗传算法、蚁群算法及已有的遗传算法和蚁群算法的融合算法结果的对比,验证了该算法的有效性。     

有交货期的Job-shop调度问题的改进的倒排算法

在提出的以“加工效率”为主要参数,并引入“虚工序”、“虚机器”求解有交货期的单件车间调度问题的逆序算法的基础上,进一步改进了该算法,并在VBAForProject中实现了该算法.经分析实例验证,该算法具有一定的优度,并且在工程中是可行的。     

单件车间生产调度系统设计

文中给出了一个单件车间调度系统的设计,讨论了这些数据之间的约束关系,并设计数据库使其较好的反映Job-shop生产过程特点,同时该数据库设计还具有可扩展和用户可自定制的特点;讨论了Job-shop调度问题的多调度规则、多目标的复杂性和运算时间代价之间的矛盾,提出了基于仿真算法的算法解决方案.该系统通过设定不同的产品属性或资源属性,能适用于多种不同生产类型需要.     

多目标FJSP的一维编码粒子群优化求解方法

以单件小批量生产方式为主的柔性车间调度中,快速得到满足低生产成本、高生产效率,避免瓶颈发生的调度方案,是调度优化算法的设计目标。就此建立了以制造期、机床总负荷和单机最大负荷为综合目标的柔性车间调度问题（Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problems,FJSP）优化模型;设计了一种以概率值为分量的一维粒子群优化算法,通过概率区间划分将连续粒子分量离散化,结合完工时间最早启发式规则,实现工序的排序与加工机床的选取。通过不同规模算例的比较,分析结果表明该方法在求解较大规模问题时具有一定的优势。     

一种求解模糊柔性Job-shop调度问题的多智能体免疫算法

结合实际纸盆车间的生产特点,考虑了模具、机器和操作人员等多种资源约束,以及加工时间和交货日期的不确定性等因素,建立了批量可变的模糊柔性Job-shop调度问题模型。同时结合多智能体系统以及生命科学中免疫系统的免疫信息处理机制,构造了一种用于求解实际Job-shop调度问题的多智能体免疫算法。该方法通过智能体与其邻居间的竞争操作以及自学习操作,并结合自适应疫苗接种、交叉、变异和模拟退火操作,来更新每个智能体在解空间的位置,使其能够更精确地收敛到全局最优解。最后对某纸盆车间的调度实例进行了求解,实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

应用Agent理论的生产调度系数研究

生产调度问题，一般可根据生产流程的不同分为Job-shop调度和Flowshop调度两大类（也有学者认为，存在两者相结合的第三类－混合调度）。该文研究以最小化Makespan为目标的Flowshop调度问题。基于Agent理论，提出采用Flowshop复合代理体（Flowshop-Compond-Agent,FSCA)求解Flowshop调度问题的方法，在给出FSCA的结构及其实现的基础上，通过毛纺企业制度车间的实例说明了使用FSCA解决Flowhop调度问题的有效性。     

一种用支持向量机求解Job-shop问题方法

作为生产调度里面一类典型问题,机器数大于2的Job-shop调度（m>2）是一类NP完全问题,大规模Job-shop问题的有效算法至今仍未找到。在有向图模型基础上,提出通过约束引导方式获取可行调度。提出利用支持向量机通过对小样本学习来实现可互换工序对较为准确选取,以此提高调度方案质量。将求解过程中特殊算例补充到样本库进行后续训练以提高算法性能。数值仿真结果表明所提算法对于大规模Job-shop问题求解存在较好效果。     

作业车间调度问题的杂草优化算法求解

针对作业车间调度问题JSP(Job-shop scheduling problem),提出一种入侵式杂草优化算法。该算法中,子代以正态分布方式在父代个体周围扩散,兼顾全局搜索和局部搜索,并根据迭代次数不同对二者强度进行调节。通过典型算例进行仿真试验,并在反复实验中对算法参数进行修正。测试结果表明杂草算法求解作业车间调度问题的可行性和有效性,优于萤火虫算法和基本粒子群算法,是解决生产调度问题的一种有效方法。     

一种基于改进径向基函数JSP算法

作为作业调度里面一类典型问题,Job-shop问题的求解是属于NP完全的,至今大规模Job-shop问题的有效算法仍未找到.在析取有向图模型基础上,通过减聚类方法构建径向基函数神经网络实现可互换工序对选取,利用最小均方算法对网络权重进行训练,以此为基础提出一种具备学习功能智能算法.数值仿真结果表明,所提算法对于大规模Job-shop问题求解存在较好效果,达到预期目的.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).