真菌多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌性质的影响

研究了不同质量浓度的真菌多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌的影响。结果表明,质量浓度为15g/L的真菌多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌的增殖效果最显著,其活菌数最大可达到3.08×1010mL-1,能够使发酵周期提前2～3h。其产酸能力得到明显的提高,并且此真菌多糖益生元较好地提高了鼠李糖乳杆菌的耐酸、耐胆盐的能力。     

中药多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌性质的影响

研究不同浓度的甘草多糖和党参多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌的影响,发现1.5%(m/v)的党参多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌的增殖影响最大,其活菌数最大可达到2.18×109cfu/mL,能够使其提前2～3h达到最大产酸量,缩短发酵时间,较好地提高其耐酸、耐胆盐及耐高温的能力,其多糖的利用率可高达70.5%。     

具有降糖作用的鼠李糖乳杆菌生物学特性研究

本研究旨在评价一株具有降糖作用的鼠李糖乳杆菌的生物学特性。结果表明,该菌株生长较快,2 h进入生长对数期,14 h后进入稳定期,最适生长p H为5⁷,最适生长温度为37℃,最适接种量为1%²%（V/V）。此外,该菌株在强酸条件下可以生长,对人工胃肠液都具有很好的耐受性,耐受胆盐的延迟时间为0.86 h,在Na Cl浓度为9%（W/V）的培养条件下仍可以存活。更为重要的是,这株菌对Caco-2细胞具有较强的粘附能力。综上所述:该鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株可作为一株具有潜在降糖作用的发酵菌株,用以开发具有降糖作用的新型发酵产品。      

鼠李糖乳杆菌和乳双歧杆菌的复合益生菌粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响及其食用安全性的研究

为研究鼠李糖乳杆菌和乳双歧杆菌的复合益生菌粉对小鼠免疫力的影响及其食用安全性。该研究分别将低、中、高剂量（1.00、0.67、0.34 g/kg BW）以及溶剂对照组（蒸馏水）的复合益生菌粉每天经口灌胃给小鼠,连续30 d,观测脏器/体重比值、细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞功能、NK细胞活性等指标,以此评价复合益生菌粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响。此外,采用大鼠急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验（小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验）和大鼠30 d喂养试验进行食用安全性研究。结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,高剂量组小鼠迟发型变态反应（DTH）、抗体细胞生成（PFC）、血清溶血素水平、小鼠碳廓清吞噬指数等指标均有显著提升（P<0.05）,中剂量组小鼠碳廓清吞噬指数也有显著提升（P<0.05）,但低剂量组并未表现出明显差异。此外,小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验三项结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验中,试验剂量在0.84~3.34 g/kg BW范围内,大鼠的生长发育良好,各指标与溶剂对照组比较,均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。所以,鼠李糖乳杆菌和乳双歧杆菌复合益生菌粉能够增强小鼠免疫力且无急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚急性毒性,具有较高的食用安全性。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌LT22对小鼠免疫功能的影响

取SPF小鼠120只,分成3批,每批分为4个组。对照组小鼠灌服灭菌水;实验1组灌服自制发酵培养基;实验2组灌服鼠李糖乳杆菌LT2237℃、48h培养物;实验3组灌服灭活的鼠李糖乳杆菌LT22培养物。所有小鼠均采用口腔灌服,0.5mL/只/d,连续接种7d或13d。通过测定巨噬细胞吞噬活性、T淋巴细胞数量、血清溶血素含量及器官指数来反映鼠李糖乳杆菌LT22对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明:所有实验组均能显著增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性,均能促进IgM的生成及脾脏和胸腺的发育;实验2组能显著增加T淋巴细胞的数量及血清溶血素的含量。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌(ATTC53103)产细菌素的研究

对鼠李糖乳杆菌(ATTC53103)无细胞发酵上清液进行了系统的研究,通过中和以及酶解的方法,排除了其中的有机酸以及过氧化氢的干扰,证明了鼠李糖乳杆菌(ATTC53103)无细胞发酵上清液可以产生细菌素,并研究了该无细胞发酵上清液中细菌素的部分特性.该细菌素抑菌广谱,可抑制多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌,对热(121℃,30min)和pH值(pH2.010.0)稳定,可被多种蛋白酶如胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、α-糜蛋白酶和蛋白酶K失活,不能被过氧化氢酶失活.     

鼠李糖乳杆菌燕麦益生乳的研制

探讨了以燕麦和脱脂奶粉为主要原料,燕麦经双酶水解所得的糖化液,配以脱脂奶粉,经杀菌冷却,以鼠李糖乳杆菌为发酵剂,接种发酵而成的含有活性成分且具有保健功能的生物乳,它的活性多糖β-葡聚糖量为236mg/L,酸度为108°T,活菌数高达1010cuf/ml。      

鼠李糖乳杆菌乳饮料发酵工艺

对无稳定剂鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus rhamnose发酵乳饮料的发酵工艺进行优化。以L.rhamnose在不同碳源培养基中的发酵速度为评价指标,筛选出葡萄糖是其发酵的最适碳源。发酵时间、杀菌条件、发酵温度对发酵乳饮料的活菌数及沉淀率均有明显的影响。优化工艺参数为:杀菌条件115℃,15 min,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间为84 h,按照此工艺制得的发酵乳饮料,活菌数达到8.5×108CFU/m L,沉淀率为1.1%。     

双歧杆菌的功能特性及其应用前景

双歧杆菌作为肠道有益菌群之一,正越来越多地被应用到食品工业中。本文介绍了双歧杆菌的生物与保健功能特性,以及双歧杆菌的开发应用前景。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵及冻干保护的研究

对鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵性能和冷冻干燥存活率与保护剂、发酵时间和温度的关系进行了研究。利用液体发酵、紫外分光测量法、微量活菌计数法进行培养、测量。结果表明，鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵周期为12－16h；乳清粉和双歧因子对鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵产酸性能和细菌总数有定的影响。正交实验结果表明，10％乳清粉，15％脱脂奶粉，16h发酵时间的组合，冷冻干燥后存活的影响无显著性差异。结论：乳清粉和双歧因子在发酵后期会对鼠李糖乳杆菌的生长和发酵有促进作用可能是含糖量较高的原因。在冻干时，蛋白质（特别是酪蛋白）对细菌有保护作用。     

Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG powders: relationship of powder physical properties to probiotic survival during storage

Freeze-dried commercial Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were encapsulated in an emulsion-based formulation stabilized by whey protein and resistant starch and either spray-dried or freeze-dried to produce probiotic microcapsules. There was no difference in loss of probiotics viability after spray drying or freeze drying. Particle size, morphology, moisture sorption, and water mobility of the powder microcapsules were examined. Particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed that spray-dried LGG microcapsules (SDMC) were small spherical particles, whereas freeze-dried LGG microcapsules (FDMC) were larger nonspherical particles. Moisture sorption isotherms obtained using dynamic vapor sorption showed a slightly higher water uptake in spray-dried microcapsules. The effect of water mobility, as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, at various water activities (a(w) 0.32, 0.57, and 0.70) and probiotic viability during storage at 25 °C was also examined. Increasing the relative humidity of the environment at which the samples were stored caused an increase in water mobility and the rate of loss in viability. The viability data during storage indicated that SDMC had better storage stability compared to FDMC. Although more water was adsorbed for spray-dried than freeze-dried microcapsules, water mobility was similar for corresponding storage conditions because there was a stronger water-binding energy for spray-dried microcapsule. This possibly accounted for the improved survival of probiotics in spray-dried microcapsules.     

The involvement of ATPase activity in the acid tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG

This study examined the survival and acid stress response of nine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in commercially available yoghurt products (low pH environment) during the long‐term storage. Under the storage conditions investigated (52 weeks period at 5 °C), there was a loss of the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium sp. within 35 weeks. However, L. rhamnosus strain GG, one of starter strains in a commercially available yoghurt product, exhibited excellent survival throughout the whole storage period. Our results indicate that the viability of L. rhamnosus strain GG was increased by modulating the stress‐related factors as well as the activity of ATPase with exposure to the low pH conditions.     

Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG addition in ice cream

A 2⁴ full factorial experimental design was applied to verify the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) addition in retail-manufactured ice cream stored at two different freezing temperatures (−16°C and −28°C) and containing two different levels of sugar (15–22%) and fat (5–10%). In addition to microbial counts, the pH, acidity, viscosity of the mixes and functional properties of the ice creams were evaluated. Both fresh and frozen-thawed LGG cells underwent preliminary resistance tests to bile, antibiotics and acidity. The LGG strain proved to be highly resistant to most of the stress factors. When the micro-organism was added to ice cream mixes in a quantity of 10⁸ cfu/g, it did not change the overrun, firmness or melting behaviour of the finished product. Regardless of formulation, no count decay of LGG cells was observed in ice cream stored for up to 1 year.     

Survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as Influenced by Storage Conditions and Product Matrixes

Abstract: Mortality resulting from diarrhea especially that occurs in children younger than 5 y of age ranks 3rd among all deaths caused by infectious diseases worldwide. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG are clinically shown to effectively reduce the incidence of diarrhea in children. A food substrate is one of the major factors regulating the colonization of microorganisms in human gastrointestinal tracts. Peanut butter is a nutritious, low‐moisture food that could be a carrier for probiotics. In this study, we observed the influence of storage conditions and product matrixes on the survival of L. rhamnosus GG. Cells of L. rhamnosus GG were inoculated into full fat or reduced fat peanut butter at 10⁷ CFU/g. Inoculated peanut butter was stored at 4, 25, or 37 °C for 48 wk. Samples were drawn periodically to determine the populations of L. rhamnosus GG. Results showed that there was no significant decrease in the viable counts of L. rhamnosus GG in products stored 4 °C. The survivability of L. rhamnosus GG decreased with increasing storage temperature and time. Product matrixes did not significantly affect the survival of L. rhamnosus GG except at 37 °C. Populations of L. rhamnosus GG were preserved at >6 logs in products stored at 4 °C for 48 wk and at 25 °C for 23 to 27 wk. At 37 °C, the 6‐log level could not be maintained for even 6 wk. The results suggest that peanut butter stored at 4 and 25 °C could serve as vehicles to deliver probiotics. Practical Application: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is clinically shown to effectively reduce the incidence of diarrhea in children. A food substrate is one of the major factors regulating the colonization of microorganisms in human gastrointestinal tracts. Peanut butter is a nutritious, low‐moisture food that could be a carrier for probiotics. In this study, we demonstrated the influence of storage conditions and product matrixes on the survival of L. rhamnosus GG. Results suggest that peanut butters could be effective delivery systems for probiotics and that probitic peanut butter could be used as one of the strategies to control diarrhea and malnutrition in developing countries.     

4种多糖益生元对鼠李糖乳杆菌微胶囊稳定性的影响

为提高鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,LGG）的稳定性,采用复合凝聚法制备LGG微胶囊,探究菊糖、低聚果糖、普鲁兰多糖和水苏糖4种益生元对LGG微胶囊性能的影响,并结合扫描电镜和差示扫描量热仪分析微胶囊的微结构和热稳定性。结果表明：益生元对LGG微胶囊的性能均有积极影响。模拟胃肠液处理后,菊糖活菌数存活率最高,达9.5(lg(CFU/g));水苏糖对LGG微胶囊在胆盐和高温下的保护能力最强,75℃、30 min后活菌数达8.7(lg(CFU/g));水分活度0.75条件下低聚果糖的加入提高了LGG微胶囊的贮藏稳定性;差示扫描量热分析结果表明益生元提高了LGG微胶囊的热稳定性,水苏糖的微胶囊熔融温度达172℃,但低聚果糖降低了LGG微胶囊的熔融温度;扫描电镜分析表明添加益生元后微胶囊结构没有变化。本研究为后续添加益生元对LGG微胶囊性能的影响研究提供理论基础。     

植物乳杆菌发酵对大豆分离蛋白功能性质影响研究

以脱脂豆粕为原料,通过植物乳杆菌液态发酵后制备大豆分离蛋白,测定所得大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、凝胶强度、持水性和持油性等功能性质。豆粕经发酵后所提大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、凝胶强度、持水性和持油性均显著提高（p<0.05）,乳化稳定性显著降低（p<0.05）,持水性及持油性变化不大。SDS-PAGE电泳显示,豆粕经发酵后所提大豆分离蛋白在29.0⁴4.3 ku出现新条带,是由于乳酸菌所产蛋白酶的降解作用,大豆分离蛋白中大分子量蛋白被降解成小分子量蛋白,其中发酵对7S组分影响较大,对11S组分影响较小。经实验表明乳酸菌发酵可以有效改善大豆分离蛋白的功能性质。      

复凝聚法鼠李糖乳杆菌微胶囊工艺优化及储藏稳定性

为提高鼠李糖乳杆菌在贮藏过程中的稳定性,以明胶、阿拉伯胶为壁材,采用复凝聚法制备鼠李糖乳杆菌微胶囊。研究以湿态微胶囊的包埋率为指标,考察pH、壁材浓度、转速和菌添加量对复凝聚法微胶囊制备的影响,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,优化最佳工艺。将最优条件下的湿微胶囊进行喷雾干燥和真空冷冻干燥,并在不同水分活度和不同温度条件下研究了喷雾干燥和真空冷冻干燥鼠李糖乳杆菌微胶囊的储藏稳定性。结果表明,pH 3.75、壁材浓度1.5%、转速200 r/min、菌添加量109 CFU,此条件下制备的鼠李糖乳杆菌微胶囊包埋率最高,为93.21%;复凝聚法制备的鼠李糖乳杆菌湿微胶囊干燥后,每克真空冷冻干燥微胶囊的活菌数比喷雾干燥微胶囊高1.9个对数值;储藏时水分活度越低,温度越低,鼠李糖乳杆菌微胶囊的储藏性越好;与喷雾干燥微胶囊相比,储藏时真空冷冻干燥微胶囊在高水分活度下较稳定,且在不同水分活度、不同温度条件下的活性均高于喷雾干燥微胶囊。因此复凝聚法制备的鼠李糖乳杆菌微胶囊真空冷冻干燥后能更好的保护鼠李糖乳杆菌,延长其储藏期。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌对黄曲霉毒素B1的降解及对 肝损伤的保护作用

目的分析鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,LGG)对黄曲霉毒素B_1(aflatoxin B_1,AFB_1)的降解能力,阐述LGG对由AFB_1引起的肝损伤的保护作用。方法利用LGG培养液、LGG上清液组、LGG菌体、热处理后上清液和热处理后LGG菌体处理AFB_1,利用高效液相色谱法测定AFB_1的残留量,分析LGG对AFB的降解能力。利用低、中和高剂量的LGG菌液灌胃由AFB_1引起肝损伤的大鼠,并以空白和阳性作为对照组,测定大鼠的血清肝功能及肝组织抗氧化指标,分析LGG对肝损伤的保护作用。结果 AFB_1降解实验表明LGG菌液对AFB_1具有显著的降解作用(P0.05),36 h能够降解(92.01±2.02)%的AFB_1。降解作用是由菌体和LGG的代谢产物共同作用的结果。大鼠血清肝功能及肝组织抗氧化指标结果表明低、中和高剂量的LGG灌胃给药均能显著改善因AFB_1引起的大鼠肝功能和肝组织抗氧化指标异常(P0.05)。结论 LGG对AFB_1具有良好的降解作用,且能够有效抑制因AFB_1引起的肝损伤。     

Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by Transglutaminase Cross‐Linked Soy Protein Isolate to Improve Survival in Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions and Yoghurt

Microencapsulation is an effective way to improve the survival of probiotics in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) conditions and yoghurt. In this study, microencapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was prepared by first cross‐linking of soy protein isolate (SPI) using transglutaminase (TGase), followed by embedding the bacteria in cross‐linked SPI, and then freeze‐drying. The survival of microencapsulated LGG was evaluated in simulated GI conditions and yoghurt. The results showed that a high microencapsulation yield of 67.4% was obtained. The diameter of the microencapsulated LGG was in the range of 52.83 to 275.16 μm. Water activity did not differ between free and microencapsulated LGG after freeze‐drying. The survival of microencapsulated LGG under simulated gastric juice (pH 2.5 and 3.6), intestinal juice (0.3% and 2% bile salt) and storage at 4 °C were significantly higher than that of free cells. The survival of LGG in TGase cross‐linked SPI microcapsules was also improved to 14.5 ± 0.5% during storage in yoghurt. The microencapsulation of probiotics by TGase‐treated SPI can be a suitable alternative to polysaccharide gelation technologies.     

降胆固醇益生乳酸菌的体外筛选

从传统发酵制品中筛选出6株降胆固醇的乳酸菌并在体外测定了降胆固醇的能力,其中菌株GL-10和LBA-11高达45%;同时测试了这些菌株的耐酸和耐胆盐性、细胞黏附、抑菌性的益生特性。结果表明,菌株GL-A-11,GL-11,ZPC-15能在pH值为2蒸馏水下存活1 h;GL-10,GL-A,ZPC-13能在质量分数为2%的胆盐混合液中存活12 h;GL-10对人结肠腺癌细胞系HT-29细胞黏附性最强,达4.8个/细胞,其次是菌株GL-A,ZPC-13,GL-11为3.7个/细胞左右,所有菌株对常见致病菌都有明显抑制作用。从中选择出乳酸菌GL-A作为今后益生菌制剂和功能性乳制品开发的潜在菌种。