风力发电机组噪声测试分析研究

在内蒙古某风电场，利用特定的振动与噪声测试和分析系统，对1000W风力发电机组的整机噪声进行了测试与研究。经分析，该风力发电机的最大噪声小于70dB（A），符合国家标准的要求。该项工作可为今后噪声控制及降噪措施的研究提供一定的实验依据。     

几种常见风力发电系统的技术比较

结合国内外风力发电的发展现状介绍了几种常见的风力发电系统，详细阐述了风力发电原理和风力机系统的数学模型，并对这几种风力机系统进行技术比较，最后简要介绍了风力发电接入系统后对电网的影响。     

我国风力发电发展现状和问题分析

能源危机的日趋严重,优化能源结构、发展清洁环保的可再生能源迫在眉睫。风能是一种清洁环保的可再生能源,随着国家政策的支持和风力发电技术的不断发展,风力发电越来越得到人们的重视,并将在新能源发电中扮演重要的角色。概述了我国风能资源的储量和分布,介绍了近年来我国风力发电的总体情况、各省(自治区)风力发电的发展概况以及我国风电企业的发展现状,最后指出了我国风力发电目前出现的一些问题,并进行了分析。     

浅谈变速恒频双馈风力发电机

阐述了双馈风力发电机实现变速恒频的工作原理,讨论了双馈电机的运行状态,推导了双馈电机功率传输方式与转差率的关系,指出了变速恒频风力发电系统的优点是拓宽了风速的可利用范围,对提高风电场发电能力具有重要意义。     

基于分布式供能技术的能源系统

由于2003年美国和加拿大大面积停电事故的发生,人们对电网安全的要求越来越高,分布式供能技术引起了世界能源界的广泛关注。能源工业亟待解决的四大问题：合理调整能源结构,进一步提高能源利用效率,改善能源产业的安全性,解决环境污染。而分布式能源系统恰好在这些方面能给以补充,因此大电网与分布式能源系统的合理结合,被认为是21世纪电力工业的发展方向。详细介绍了基于分布式能源系统的概念、特点及发展状况和前景展望。还通过对几种主要的分布式供能技术的技术特点、国内外发展状况及前景展望的介绍,进一步说明了分布式供能技术的发展状况,阐释了分布式供能技术的优势。     

Maximum wind power generation in a power system imposed by system inertia and primary reserve requirements

Although the technology to simulate inertia or to provide primary control in wind power generators is mature, most of them are a source of power with neither inertia nor primary reserve provision mainly because it means wind spilling. Therefore, an increasing wind power penetration means a reduction in the inertia of the system and of the primary reserve due to the substitution of conventional generation. In this paper, the maximum wind power penetration focusing on system inertia and primary reserve value is assessed. The Spanish power system is used as an example for the calculation of these values. For this purpose, real Spanish scenario data are used. Results will show that high penetrations of wind power can be achieved without risking adequate values of primary reserve or inertia of the power system even if wind power does not contribute to these items. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风力发电-发展潜力巨大的清洁能源

介绍了我国仍至全球的风电资源以及风电建设的发展；分析了风力发电的优缺点和风能合理利用的技术，提出借助变频技术和电力电子（PE）控制技术，并应用结构简单，坚固可靠、维护方便，成本低廉的异步发电机，可实现高质量电能的输出，使风电系统处于最佳的风能利用状态。     

Current situation and development of wind power in China

The current development of wind power in China was presented in this paper. Many regions such as Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and southeast coastal region, etc. in China have abundant wind energy resource. At the same time, the utilization of wind power in China has been developing quickly and its prospect is promising in spite of many some obstacles. With the implementation of the Renewable Energy Law, some previous obstacles have been or are being eliminated. Much investment and many enterprises start to enter this field. In spite of this, there still exist some financial and technological obstacles. One of the technological obstacles is the stability of local power grid owing to the increasing proportion of the wind power capacity. Because the centralized development mode of wind power was adopted, the quick fluctuation of wind speed will influence the voltage and frequency stability of local power grid. In addition, large wind farm has little dispatching ability because of the uncontrollability, randomness and fluctuation of natural incoming wind. To erase these obstacles, a novel hybrid power system combining wind farm and small gas turbine power plants is discussed.     

变速恒频风力发电机最大功率跟踪控制策略的研究

分析了风能的特性，对双馈电机数学模型进行了分析与研究，在试验的基础上，基于最佳叶尖速比控制(即风能最大利用率)和机械功率最大转化效率控制，提出了兆瓦级变速恒频双馈风力发电机组双闭环的一种控制策略方案，并用MATLAB软件进行系统仿真，证明该方案是可行的。     

基于模糊逻辑的双馈型风电机组最优功率控制

在分析风电系统特性的基础上,以追踪最大风能作为有功控制目标,提出应用模糊逻辑系统设定发电机最优转速策略,实现无风速测量下最佳叶尖速比运行.以保持发电机最低损耗作为无功控制目标,研究了双馈电机损耗特性,提出应用模糊逻辑系统设定最优无功策略,优化机组效率.讨论了控制系统间的协调方案并建立了完整的风电机组模型进行仿真.结果表明所提策略有效,尤其在机组特性摄动下仍然能够保证最优功率运行.     

变速恒频风力发电机组控制策略分析

通过分析变速恒频风力发电机组运行工况,构建低于额定风速时的转速控制环和高于额定风速时的功率控制环。转速控制环和功率控制环二者独立工作,很好满足了机组对系统控制功能的要求,仿真结果表明该控制策略可行。     

储能技术在中小型风力发电系统中的应用

讨论了储能技术的分类及应用范围,并对中小型风力发电系统的结构及其系统中储能的作用进行了阐述。同时分析了碳纳米管超级电容器储能、氢储能、超级电容器和蓄电池混合储能三种很有前途储能技术在中小型风力发电系统中的应用。     

开关磁阻风电系统最大风能追踪控制

根据风力机的特性，探讨了追踪、捕获最大风能的方法；针对开关磁阻电机的特点，提出了开关磁阻电机变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪的控制方案；详细的仿真研究验证了该控制策略的正确性和可行性。     

适合于风力发电系统的电压跌落发生器

为满足在故障情况下的风力发电机控制策略的研究需要,给出了一种电压跌落发生器的拓扑结构,PC机与单片机通过串行通信来实现对电压跌落模式和跌落时间的控制.试验表明,该设备可以实现国外昂贵的电压跌落发生器的基本功能.     

双馈感应式风力发电系统低电压运行特性研究

双馈感应发电机（DFIG）具有有功、无功功率独立调节能力及励磁变频器所需容量小等优点,在风力发电系统中得到越来越广泛的应用。但正是励磁变频器的过流能力限制使得其对电网故障非常敏感,电网故障下DFIG风电机组的控制能力受到限制。当前国外大多数风电并网标准都要求风力发电机在电网电压跌落的情况下不能从电网中解列,以便在故障后电网恢复过程中提供功率支持,避免发生后续更为严重的电网故障,这即是对风电机组低电压穿越能力的要求。为了保护变流器和对电网提供支撑,需要研制一种能够在电网故障发生时为故障电流进行旁路的设备——Crowbar电路。针对Crowbar的电流旁路装置进行了研究,说明Crowbar电路具有抑制转子浪涌电流和保护直流母线的作用,并在小功率平台上进行了试验,证明了这种设备对于提高DFIG系统的LVRT能力具有重要的作用。     

Review on combined wind power generation and energy storage systems

储能系统由于能够实现电能的时空平移,具有响应速度快,规模化等优点,是改善风电波动性,提高其并网能力的有效手段,构建风储联合发电系统成为目前研究重点.简单介绍了风电并网对电力系统的影响及不同类型电池储能技术的发展现状,给出了部分国内外风储联合发电系统的示范工程,并分析了平滑风电功率波动,跟踪计划出力曲线和削峰填谷3种主要运行方式,重点阐述了目前风储联合发电系统控制策略和储能容量配置研究现状,对进一步开展风储联合发电系统的研究进行了展望,指出经济性仍然是制约储能技术应用的关键问题之一,提高包含储能单元的风储联合发电系统的经济性是今后的研究重点.     

中国风电并网若干问题的博弈研究

用博弈论的方法对我国风力发电的基本利益格局和相互关系进行了初步分析，涉及了技术研发、风电上网、化石燃料消费税的征收等关键问题。以博弈分析的结果说明了不同的发展机制的预期效果，并有针对性地提出了立法和政策建议。     

含风力发电的微电网发电可靠性评估

微电网具有接入各种可再生能源发电装置的能力,但接入风力发电机时,其出力具有随机性和间歇性,对描述微电网发电能力的发电可靠性评估造成困难。文章根据微电网地域范围小、气候特征趋同的特点,提出了分段连续的发电出力概率分布模型,对微电网发电可靠性进行评估,并与蒙特卡罗模拟法进行比较,结果表明该模型和算法具有直观的数学和物理意义,理论上具有精确的计算结果。     

International comparison of energy efficiency of fossil power generation

The purpose of this study is to compare the energy efficiency of fossil-fired power generation for Australia, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway aggregated), South Korea, United Kingdom and Ireland, and United States. Together these countries generate 65% of worldwide fossil power generation. Separate benchmark indicators are calculated for the energy efficiency of natural gas, oil and coal-fired power generation, based on weighted-average energy efficiencies. These indicators are aggregated to an overall benchmark for fossil-fired power generation. The weighted average efficiencies are 35% for coal, 45% for natural gas and 38% for oil-fired power generation.     

Experimental verification of computational predictions in power generation variation with layout of offshore wind farms

The optimization of wind farms with respect to spatial layout is addressed experimentally. Wake effects within wind turbine farms are well known to be deleterious in terms of power generation and structural loading, which is corroborated in this study. Computational models are the predominant tools in the prediction of turbine‐induced flow fields. However, for wind farms comprising hundreds of turbines, reliability of the obtained numerical data becomes a growing concern with potentially costly consequences. This study pursues a systematic complementary theoretical, experimental and numerical study of variations in generated power with turbine layout of an 80 turbine large wind farm. Wake effects within offshore wind turbine arrays are emulated using porous discs mounted on a flat plate in a wind tunnel. The adopted approach to reproduce experimentally individual turbine wake characteristics is presented, and drag measurements are argued to correctly capture the variation in power generation with turbine layout. Experimental data are juxtaposed with power predictions using ANSYS WindModeller simulation suite. Although comparison with available wind farm power output data has been limited, it is demonstrated nonetheless that this approach has potential for the validation of numerical models of power loss due to wake effects or even to make a direct physical prediction. The approach has even indicated useful data for the improvement of the physics within numerical models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.