载锌NaY分子筛对FCC汽油吸附脱硫性能的影响

采用液相离子交换法将锌离子负载到NaY分子筛上,得到ZnY分子筛脱硫吸附剂。考察了锌离子负载浓度和不同焙烧温度对ZnY分子筛吸附脱硫性能的影响。研究脱硫实验中吸附温度和吸附空速对FCC汽油脱硫性能的影响,样品中的硫含量通过微库仑综合分析仪进行测定。结果表明,Zn(NO₃)₂负载浓度0.30 mol·L^-1、焙烧温度500 ℃、吸附温度30 ℃和吸附空速0.5 h^-1条件下对吸附脱硫性能最有利,脱硫率超过80%。考察两种方法对吸附剂进行再生。     

超声浸渍无机盐改性Hβ分子筛催化合成乙基蒽醌

采用超声浸渍法将无机盐Al₂(SO₄)₃、(NH₄)₂SO₄、Ce(NH₄)₂(NO₃)₆和Fe(NO₃)₃负载于Hβ分子筛上,通过NH₃-TPD、XRD和吡啶-IR对分子筛进行表征,考察改性前后分子筛酸性能和晶相的变化。将改性的Hβ分子筛用于催化乙苯和苯酐合成乙基蒽醌。结果表明,不同无机盐超声浸渍改性分子筛的催化效果差别较大,其中,每克分子筛负载0.2 g的Al₂(SO₄)₃的Alβ分子筛催化效果最好,苯酐转化率为45.67%,乙基蒽醌选择性为50.12%。分子筛的酸性能（包括酸量、酸种类和酸强度）对催化性能影响较大。     

Zn(Ⅱ)配合物催化C—C键裂解和原位合成2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑酮

在配合物的水热合成过程中往往可以发现新的化学反应和催化机理。本文通过[Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂]（L=4(3H)-喹唑酮）配合物在130℃催化乙腈分子中的CC键断裂,原位合成化合物2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑酮。利用红外、元素分析和X射线单晶衍射表征分析2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑酮和[Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂]的结构,结果表明[Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂]和2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑酮属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群。三组温度控制实验表明,温度对2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮的形成有着重要的影响,并且温度高于130℃有利于该催化反应的进行。采取电喷雾质谱表征2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑酮的形成机理发现,[Zn(L)₂·(H₂O)₂·(NO₃)₂]催化乙腈分子中的CC键断裂,生成(CN)₂和·CH₃。·CH₃有选择性地引入到4(3H)-喹唑酮中的C原子和N原子之间。本文对原位引入CH₃有着指导作用。     

MnOx/WO3/TiO2低温选择性催化还原NOx机理的原位红外研究

浸渍法制备15% MnO_x/5% WO₃/TiO₂低温脱硝催化剂,利用原位傅里叶变换红外（in situ FT-IR）设计包括多种吸附反应以及不同预处理方式的微观暂态试验与微观稳态试验,研究其NH₃-SCR脱硝反应机理,并推测反应路径。结果表明,催化剂的NH₃-SCR反应主要以Eley-Rideal机理方式进行,仅在一定温度条件下可以看到Langmuir-Hinshclwood反应路径。催化剂表面Lewis酸位的NH₃吸附是还原剂的主要来源,Brønsted酸位吸附的NH₄⁺随温度上升参与反应的比例略有提高。NH₃的吸附活化是整个反应的控制步骤,吸附态NH₃更易与NO₂发生反应,NO与催化剂表面的相互作用明显弱于NO₂。NO会在催化剂表面氧化活性中心形成大量双齿配位型硝酸盐,阻碍NH₃的吸附和活化,O₂存在条件下促进NH₃-SCR反应进行,阻止NO在催化剂表面形成双齿硝酸盐。NO与NH₃在催化剂表面存在吸附竞争,NO的吸附作用强于NH₃,温度达到100℃后吸附的NH₃方可大量活化并与NO_x发生进一步反应。     

噻吩在CeY分子筛上的吸附行为

采用智能质量分析(IGA)和程序升温脱附和微分程序升温脱附（TPD/DTPD）法研究了噻吩在CeY上的热脱附行为和吸附热力学,并和NaY进行对比。发现噻吩在CeY分子筛上有很好的选择性吸附,噻吩和CeY分子筛之间的吸附主要是金属离子和硫原子的化学键力作用,而在NaY上的吸附作用属于分子间力作用。吸附热力学也证明了噻吩在CeY上既有物理吸附作用也有强的化学吸附作用。     

改性纳米纤维素对磷的动态吸附及再生

以铁改性纳米纤维素[Fe(OH)₃@CNFs]为吸附剂进行动态吸附除磷试验,探究了不同柱高和不同流速对Fe(OH)₃@CNFs吸附磷性能的影响。结果表明：吸附柱填充越高（6～16cm）,进水流速越慢（5～10mL/min）,吸附达到平衡所需时间越长,越有利于Fe(OH)₃@CNFs对磷的动态吸附。采用NaOH溶液对吸附剂解吸进行原位再生,再生后吸附柱对磷的吸附量为原吸附柱的83%,表明Fe(OH)₃@CNFs材料具有较好的再生能力。通过Yoon-Nelson模型计算吸附50%目标污染物所需的时间,拟合值与实验值的平均相对偏差在1.8%～6.9%之间,表明Yoon-Nelson模型能够很好地描述Fe(OH)₃@CNFs材料对磷的动态吸附行为。使用红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对吸附机理进行分析发现Fe(OH)₃@CNFs材料对磷具有吸附能力,并且吸附后主要以FePO₄和Fe₂(HPO₄)₃的形式存在。利用吸附柱对生活污水处理厂二沉池出水进行动态吸附,在流速为10mL/min、填装高度为12cm的条件下,饱和时的吸附容量为34.5mg/g。     

用于有机染料废水处理的铜基金属配合物制备及其吸附性能研究

由2-(4-吡啶)-1氢-苯并咪唑(L)和三苯基膦(PPh₃)作为有机配体合成的两例双核铜基金属配合物,Cu₂L₂(PPh₃)₂I₂(1)和Cu₂L₂(PPh₃)₂Br₂(2)及由苯并咪唑基配体-替米沙坦构筑的八核铜金属配合物(3)进行有机染料吸附研究。三例铜配合物在250℃时仍具有较好的热稳定性,对阴离子型染料亚甲基蓝(MB)、阳离子型染料甲基橙(MO)和罗丹明B(RhB)具有不同的吸附能力。其中,配合物3对RhB的吸附能力优于配合物1和2;当RhB和MB在溶液中共存时,配合物3亦表现出优于配合物1和2选择性吸附RhB的性能,具有水处理实际应用的潜力。     

阴离子对铁盐氧化脱除煤中硫的影响

采用Fe（NO₃）₃、Fe₂（SO₄）₃和FeCl₃溶液氧化脱除山西某焦煤中的硫,研究铁盐种类及添加无机酸对脱硫效果的影响,并利用红外光谱仪对处理前后的煤样进行表征。结果表明,Fe（NO₃）₃的脱硫效果远高于Fe₂（SO₄）₃和FeCl₃;溶液中添加H₂SO₄和HCl会抑制Fe³⁺的氧化脱硫效果;较低浓度的HNO₃促进Fe（NO₃）₃氧化脱除煤中的FeS₂和硫醇、硫醚等有机硫,而高浓度的HNO₃又会抑制Fe³⁺与FeS₂反应,致使脱硫率下降。     

Research advance in mechanism of low-temperature SCR of NO on carbon materials

简述了不同反应物组合在碳材料表面的行为特征,单组分NO可以形成吸附态的NO₂、二聚体(NO)₂、—NO₂或吡啶类的化合物;O₂存在时NO被吸附态的氧氧化成NO₂;NO、O₂和NH₃同时存在时,反应发生在吸附态的NH₃和吸附态的NO₂之间。着重详述了活性碳纤维（activated carbon fibers,ACF）催化剂上的选择性催化还原（selective catalytic reduction,SCR）NO的机理为：低温时以NH₃为还原剂的SCR（NH₃-SCR）遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理,较高温度时NH₃-SCR 遵循Eley-Rideal机理;分析指出了催化剂孔结构特征和表面化学官能团是ACF能低温选择性催化还原NO的主要影响因素。     

预成型高岭土干胶转化合成NaY型分子筛

通过干胶转化法制备了整体式NaY分子筛,采用XRD、SEM及XRF分析表征原料及产物,系统考察了合成体系的n（SiO₂）/n（Al₂O₃）、n（Na₂O）/n（SiO₂）、水量、晶化温度和晶化时间对整体式NaY分子筛制备的影响。结果表明,合成体系n（SiO₂）/n（Al₂O₃）=7.5时,骨架硅铝比（二氧化硅与氧化铝物质的量比）最大为6.12;n（Na₂O）/n（SiO₂）逐渐增大,整体式NaY分子筛结晶度逐渐升高,当n（Na₂O）/n（SiO₂）增至0.35时,会导致P型分子筛的生成;晶化温度从90 ℃逐渐增至120 ℃时,整体式NaY分子筛结晶度也随之升高;在110 ℃下晶化20 h,产物的结晶度达到98%并趋于稳定。干胶转化制备整体式NaY分子筛必须有水的参与,n（H₂O）/n（SiO₂）为4.2左右对反应物的成型及整体式NaY分子筛的晶化较为适宜。     

Effective adsorptive denitrogenation from model fuels over yttrium ionexchanged Y zeolite

The adsorption removal of indole and quinoline in octane with and without toluene over zeolites NaY and Yttrium Ion-exchanged Y(YY) using batch adsorption experiments was studied at 25 ℃ and 0.1 MPa. YY was prepared by treating NaY with Y(NO_3)_3 solution twice via liquid ion-exchange method. NaY and YY were both characterized by XRD, SEM, N_2 adsorption, XRF, NH_3-TPD, and pyridine-FTIR techniques. Adsorption isotherms of indole, quinoline and toluene in octane were conducted at 25.0 ℃ to explain the influence of toluene on nitrogen removal over NaY and YY. The partial destruct of the crystalline structure of NaY was observed after the introduction of yttrium ion, which led to an evident decline in BET surface area and pore volume of YY. Strong Br?nsted acidity and medium Lewis acidity were introduced by yttrium ion-exchange. Though the specific surface area and pore volume of YY were much lower than those of NaY, YY exhibited equivalent adsorption capacities for indole and quinoline as NaY in model fuels without toluene. In the presence of 20 vol% toluene, however,YY exhibited much higher adsorption capacities for indole and quinoline than NaY, especially in the case of quinoline. The improved toluene-tolerant of YY was ascribed to the strong acid–base interaction between YY and quinoline and the decreased adsorption strength between YY and toluene.     

改性介质的调变对NaY沸石后处理及其催化裂化性能的影响

Y型沸石作为FCC催化剂的主要活性组分,其酸性能和孔结构的改性效果直接决定了催化剂的性能优劣。选取酸性能为调变对象,分别采用两种不同的改性介质（CeY焙烧气氛和铵离子交换pH）对NaY沸石进行后改性处理。将所得的改性Y沸石进行了红外（IR）、X光电子能谱（XPS）和低温氮气物理吸附等表征分析。最后,使用真实油品VGO在固定流化床反应评价装置ACE上对改性样品的催化性能进行了评价。研究发现,选取Ce离子作为改性介质时,可通过改变后处理过程中的焙烧气氛来调变沸石不同酸类型的分布（Brønsted/Lewis acid,B/L）,实现对应的USY沸石的催化性能的调控;选取铵离子作为改性介质时,适当地调节第1次铵离子交换pH的苛刻程度,能够在调变超稳Y沸石B酸量的同时提高Y型沸石的介孔体积。     

固体酸表面B酸和L酸与果糖转化制乳酸甲酯产物分布

制备了γ-Al₂O₃、HZSM-5、SnOPO₄、SnZrOPO₄(1:1)、SO₄^2-/ZrO₂5种不同的固体酸催化剂,采用NH₃程序升温脱附、吡啶原位吸附红外对催化剂进行了表征。考察了固体酸催化果糖在甲醇中转化的催化性能,结果表明,果糖的转化率均高于98%,产物分布与固体酸表面L酸、B酸酸量具有显著的相关性,乳酸甲酯的收率随着L酸量的减少而降低,L酸催化剂γ-Al₂O₃催化,主产物只有乳酸甲酯,收率为24.4%。而L酸位和B酸位共存的固体酸,产物中有乳酸甲酯、乙酰丙酸甲酯,并且乙酰丙酸甲酯的收率随着B酸量的增多而升高。最后考察了典型L酸γ-Al₂O₃及B酸L酸共存的固体酸HZSM-5不同反应时间的产物分布,结合气相-质谱联用对产物定性分析,得出了果糖转化过程L酸位催化和B酸位催化的反应路径。     

A theoretical study on Brønsted acidity of WO3 clusters supported on metal oxide supports by “paired interacting orbitals” (PIO) analysis

Ammonia adsorption on Brønsted acid sites of WO₃ cluster supported on metal oxide supports: SnO₂, ZrO₂, and TiO₂, is analyzed by PIO analysis. We employed (HO)(WO₃)₄(H) and (HO)(WO₃)₉(H) on (SnO₂)₁₂, (ZrO₂)₁₂, and (TiO₂)₁₂, respectively, as supported Brønsted acid models and examined two types of Brønsted acid sites, an edge type and a face type. We estimated ammonia adsorption strength by total overlap population (∑OP) of all PIOs between the Brønsted acid site and NH₃. The order of acidity (∑OP) of each model is as follows: edge type: SnO₂, 0.0096 > ZrO₂, 0.0048 > TiO₂, −0.0001  face type: ZrO₂, −0.0759 > TiO₂, −0.0761 > SnO₂, −0.0867. The edge type adsorption is far stronger than the face type one. This order in the edge type coincides with the experimental results. The reason of these results is explained by the difference of the influence of oxygen atoms sitting near the N atom of NH₃.     

噻吩、苯和正辛烷在Y型分子筛上的选择性吸附

采用重量法测定了温度为373 K、335 K和302 K时,噻吩、苯和正辛烷在NaY分子筛及CeY分子筛上的吸附等温线。结果表明,各温度下,噻吩在NaY分子筛和CeY分子筛上的饱和吸附量基本相同,并且其吸附量相对于苯和正辛烷较大。苯和正辛烷在CeY分子筛上的饱和吸附量很小,且较NaY分子筛上的吸附量明显的下降。CeY分子筛对噻吩有更高的选择性。     

Fabrication of nickel oxide functionalized zeolite USY composite as a promising adsorbent for CO2 capture

Adsorption process is considered to be the most promising alternative for the CO₂ capture to the traditional energy-intensive amine absorption process, and the development of feasible and efficient CO₂ adsorbents is still a challenge. In this work, the NiO@USY (ultrastable Y) composites with different NiO loadings were prepared for the CO₂ adsorption using Ni(NO₃)₂ as the precursor. The composites were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption test, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis, and were evaluated for the CO₂ adsorption capacity, CO₂/N₂ adsorption selectivity and CO₂ cycle adsorption capacity. The characterization results show that after the activation at 423 K, the Ni(NO₃)₂ species were well dispersed into the surface of zeolite USY, and after the further activation at 823 K, Ni(NO₃)₂ could be converted into highly dispersed NiO. The adsorption results show that the presence of the active component NiO plays an important role in improving the CO₂ adsorption performance, and the NiO@USY composite with a NiO loading of 1.5 mmol·g^-1 USY support displays a high adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity for CO₂, and shows a good cycle stability. In addition, the Clausius–Clapeyron equation was used to evaluate the isosteric heat of adsorption of CO₂ on the NiO(1.5)@USY composite, and the heat of adsorption was 17.39–38.34 kJ·mol^-1.     

DYNAMIC ADSORPTION OF S02 ON ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SIEVES†

Sulfur dioxide is one of the major pollutants resulting from fuel combustion. Numerous dry, semi-dry and wet processes have been developed for pollution control of sulfur dioxide. Solid carbonates, natural and synthetic zeolites, ion exchange resins and carbon based sorbents are the most commonly used dry sorbents for sulfur dioxide removal

In this study, measurements of the adsorption properties of sulfur dioxide on zeolites were investigated. The adsorbents used in this work are 5A, 4A and AW300 type molecular sieve zeolites. Adsorption equilibrium parameters were determined from the pulse chromatographic response to injections of low concentrations of sulfur dioxide. The method of moments were used to evaluate the adsorption equilibrium parameters from pulse chromatographic experiments. Data, such as adsorption equilibrium constants or reaction rate parameters are essential in the design of adsorption systems or reactors in which sulfur dioxide is removed

The experiments were conducted in a temperature range of 523-718 K. The relatively strong adsorption properties of sulfur dioxide on zeolites necessitated the use of high carrier gas flow rates and subsequently non-isobaric operation. Non-isobaric pulse chromatography theory was found to describe accurately the adsorption trends." printpubdate="Adsorption equilibrium constants of S0₂ were found to decrease considerably with increasing temperature. It was also found out that adsorption of SO₂ on the adsorbents investigated were found to decrease in the order of AW300 ≤ 4A ≤ 5A. The adsorption equilibrium parameter of S0₂ on 5A was found as 11.78 at 673 K, whereas it has a value of 157.11 at 523 K. The adsorption equilibrium parameter of S0₂ on 4A zeolite was determined to be 8.63 at 718 K and 213.78 at 523 K.     

Comparison of the activity of Ru and Pt catalysts for the oxidation of carbon by NO2

The role of two catalysts Pt/Al₂O₃ and Ru/NaY on the oxidation of carbon by NO₂ was investigated in the temperature range 300–400 °C. In the case of Pt/Al₂O₃ no significant catalytic effect on the carbon oxidation rate is observed although decomposition of NO₂ takes place on the noble metal and leads to the formation of NO. This result suggests that the amount of the oxygen atoms transferred from the metallic surface sites to the carbon surface to form C(O) complex is negligible. In contrast, in presence of Ru/NaY the oxidation rate of carbon by NO₂ is markedly increased. Hence, a significant part of the formed O through catalytic decomposition of NO₂ on Ru surface sites is transferred to the carbon surface leading to a larger amount of C(O) complexes on the carbon surface. Thus, the ruthenium surface is a generator of active oxygen species that are spilled over on the carbon surface at 350 °C.     

影响CeY分子筛吸附脱硫性能因素的研究

通过液相离子交换法对NaY分子筛进行改性制得CeY分子筛，采用静态法考察了改性CeY分子筛中铈离子的负载量、焙烧温度、铈的价态、吸附水和分子筛骨架的结构对CeY分子筛吸附脱硫性能的影响。采用XRD和ICP分别对不同CeY分子筛的骨架结构及阳离子负载量进行了分析。结果表明，二次交换后,离子交换度达到88.9%，分子筛已达到交换平衡；最佳焙烧温度为500 ℃，温度过高会破坏分子筛的骨架结构；Ce(Ⅳ)Y的脱硫性能明显好于Ce(Ⅲ)Y；分子筛上的吸附水对硫化物的吸附能力也有较大的影响。