小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死临床分析

目的美国及欧洲缺血性脑卒中治疗指南建议0.9mg.kg-1为重组组织型纤维酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓标准治疗剂量。鉴于国人尤其是我国南方人在种族、体质及脑梗死危险因素等方面的不同,也按0.9mg.kg-1国际标准剂量治疗是否完全适合,有很大争议。本试验比较小剂量rt-PA 0.7mg.kg-1与0.9mg.kg-1标准剂量治疗急性脑梗死的疗效、安全性及预后。方法 28例急性脑梗死患者,发病时间窗为4.5h内,具有溶栓指征,无溶栓禁忌症。随机分为小剂量组rt-PA(0.7mg.kg-1,最高剂量50mg)和对照组(0.9mg.kg-1,最高剂量90mg)。比较两组治疗前、治疗后24h及14d的NIHSS评分,颅内出血率、死亡率以及90d mRS评分。结果两组治疗前的基本临床资料比较差异无统计学意义。各组均能有效改善神经功能,各组治疗后NIHSS评分与治疗前相比有显著差异。但治疗后24h及14d时两组比较差异无统计学意义。两组90d mRS评分比较差异无统计学意义。小剂量0.7mg.kg-1组颅内出血发生率为7.1%,0.9mg.kg-1组为14.3%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。0.9mg.kg-1组死亡1例,小剂量组无死亡病例,两组死亡率比较差异无统计学意义。结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓0.7mg.kg-1剂量安全有效,该剂量可能更适合国人,尤其是南方人。     

不同剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效

目的探讨不同剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法随机选取我院2010-02—2012-11收治的急性脑梗死患者82例为研究对象,分为小剂量（0.6mg/kg）静脉溶栓A组（41例）,大剂量（0.9mg/kg）B组（41例）,采用神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）评价2组疗效,对比并发症发生率。结果 2组NIHSS评分均优于治疗前（P〈0.05）,但治疗后各阶段2组无显著差异（P〉0.05）;不良反应发生率B组明显高于A组（P〈0.05）。结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓可显著改善急性脑梗死患者预后,但治疗效果与剂量大小关联性不显著,大剂量rt-PA会增加出血风险。     

丁苯酞预处理对急性脑梗死rt-PA静脉溶栓疗效及安全性的影响

目的分析急性脑梗死患者rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗前给予丁苯酞针剂预处理的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析109例于2016-11—2018-07就诊于新郑市人民医院神经内科诊疗中心,接受rt-PA静脉溶栓联合丁苯酞治疗的急性脑梗死患者。根据溶栓前后丁苯酞针剂应用的不同顺序分为丁苯酞预处理组(48例)和丁苯酞后干预组(61例),比较2组溶栓后24 h、出院时(或7 d)的NIHSS评分,并在治疗3个月后比较2组改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,同时比较2组溶栓后颅内出血的发生率及7 d、3个月病死率。结果 3个月时mRS评分丁苯酞预处理组明显低于后干预组(mRS 0～1:62.50%vs 42.62%,P0.05)。丁苯酞预处理组颅内出血发生率较后干预组低,差异有统计学意义(6.25%vs 19.67%,P0.05)。3个月时丁苯酞预处理组病死率明显低于后干预组,差异有统计学意义(2.08%vs 13.11%,P0.05)。结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓前给予丁苯酞针剂预处理对3个月后神经功能的改善优于溶栓后使用,同时颅内出血的发生率和3个月后病死率可显著降低。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中临床分析

目的探讨不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(reconstructive tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA,阿替普酶)静脉治疗合并房颤的急性缺血性卒中的安全性与疗效。方法选择2017-01-2019-11在河南科技大学第一附属医院神经内科接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的70例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为实验组,选择同时期未给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的38例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为对照组。将实验组患者随机分为低剂量组(0.6 mg/kg,A组)与标准剂量组(0.9 mg/kg,B组)。记录实验组溶栓前和溶栓后7 d NIHSS评分,记录对照组入院时和入院7 d NIHSS评分,记录3组患者7 d内的颅内出血发生情况和90 d病死率,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)对各组患者90 d预后进行分析。结果低剂量组和标准剂量组患者溶栓后7 d较溶栓前NIHSS评分改善率均较对照组增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。rt-PA静脉治疗后,低剂量组颅内出血发生率和90 d病死率均低于标准剂量组,但组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);低剂量组与标准剂量组90 d预后良好率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者,低剂量rt-PA与标准剂量rt-PA在功能恢复方面相比无显著性差异,但具有潜在较低的脑出血率及病死率。     

不同剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死伴房颤患者的疗效及安全性

目的 观察不同剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死伴房颤患者的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2017年9月-2019年12月在抚顺市中心医院神经内科住院治疗的急性脑梗死伴房颤患者80例(NIHSS评分5～20分),随机分为标准剂量组(42例)和低剂量组(38例),于脑梗死发病4.5 h内标准剂量组患者给予rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg治疗,低剂量组患者给予rt-PA 0.6 mg/kg治疗,之后比较2组的临床治疗效果和不良反应。结果 2组患者溶栓24 h,7、30 d后的NIHSS评分较溶栓前均显著下降(P<0.05); 2组溶栓后的NIHSS评分、颅内出血率、病死率及各时间点的mRS评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 低剂量组溶栓后皮肤黏膜、牙龈出血率明显低于标准剂量组(P<0.05)。结论 低剂量(0.6 mg/kg)与标准剂量(0.9 mg/kg)rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死(中度-中重度)伴房颤患者的临床疗效相当,但低剂量溶栓治疗安全性更高,对于患者的恢复更加有利     

经颅多普勒超声联合小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的 观察经颅多普勒超声(TCD)联合小剂量重组组织型纤维酶原激活剂(rt-PA)治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞性脑梗死的疗效。方法 采用随机分组方法,分为2组,2组患者在溶栓前均行TCD检查确定责任血管为大脑中动脉,设TCD联合小剂量rt-PA(0.6 mg/kg,最高总剂量50 mg)静脉溶栓组30例,在溶栓开始后TCD持续监测2 h,单纯rt-PA标准剂量0.9 mg/kg(最高总剂量90 mg)溶栓组30例,仅在溶栓前行TCD监测确定责任血管为大脑中动脉; 2组患者根据TCD血流速度及频谱形态判断血管再通情况,临床随访评定溶栓前后不同时间的NIHSS评分和Barthel指数。结果 TCD辅助小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓组血管再通率为70%,明显高于对照组的30.0%,溶栓后2组NIHSS评分和Barthel指数评分存在显著差异。结论 TCD持续监测联合小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效更佳。     

不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗对超早期急性脑梗死预后的影响

目的 通过对超早期脑梗死患者接受不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗的分析，探讨使用rt-PA对超早期脑梗死预后的影响。方法 超早期脑梗死患者308例，根据家属的意愿及是否签署溶栓治疗知情同意书分别给予溶栓治疗和非溶栓治疗。溶栓组221例，接受rt-PA静脉溶栓，其中92例给予rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg，发病在3 h内68例，>3～≤4 h内9例，>4～≤6 h内15例。129例给予rt-PA0.6～0.8 mg/kg，发病在3 h内72例，>3～≤4 h内24例，>4～≤6 h内33例。对照组87例，未应用rt-PA治疗。记录各组在基线、治疗24 h、发病90 dNIHSS评分、Barthel指数。预后良好定义为发病90 d Barthel指数≥95；颅内出血分为症状性颅内出血和非症状性颅内出血。同时记录随访期间的血管性死亡事件和卒中再发事件。应用logistic多因素分析预后的独立相关因素。结果 预后良好的独立相关因素为患者接受治疗前NIHSS评分（OR＝2.067，95%CI 1.201～3.556，P =0.009），冠心病史（OR =1.942，95%CI 1.040～3.625，P =0.037）和溶栓治疗（rtPA 0.9 mg/kg时，OR =0.414，95%CI 0.207～0.826，P =0.012；rtPA 0.6～0.8 mg/kg时，OR =0.261，95%CI 0.137～0.497，P＜0.01）。症状性颅内出血发生率在rtPA 0.9 mg/kg溶栓组与rtPA 0.6～0.8 mg/kg溶栓组分别为3.3%（3/92）和4.7%（6/129），差别无统计学意义。结论 静脉应用r t - PA溶栓治疗超早期急性脑梗死可获得较好的预后，不同剂量 r t - PA（0.6～0.8 mg/kg vs 0.9 mg/kg）对预后的影响无统计学差异，伴有心房颤动、糖尿病史将可能影响预后。     

不同剂量阿司匹林对急性脑梗死患者rt-PA溶栓治疗后出血转化的影响

目的探讨不同剂量阿司匹林对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者重组人组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)溶栓治疗后出血性转化(HT)的影响。方法选取2014年8月-2017年8月收治的ACI患者60例作为研究对象,均于4.5h内进行rt-PA溶栓治疗,溶栓24h后使用阿司匹林,根据阿司匹林给药剂量分为低剂量组(150mg·d~(-1),32例)和高剂量组(300mg·d~(-1),28例),采用NIHSS评分评估2组患者溶栓前和溶栓24h、7d、14d神经功能缺损程度,采用改良Rankin量表评估患者90d预后,统计2组治疗期间HT及其他出血并发症发生率。结果 2组溶栓24h、7d、14d NIHSS评分均较溶栓前下降(P0.05);2组溶栓24h、7d、14d NIHSS评分比较无差异(P0.05);低剂量组HT发生率为6.25%与高剂量组的10.71%比较无差异(P0.05);低剂量组出血并发症发生率为12.50%,低于高剂量组的35.71%(P0.05);2组患者90d预后比较无差异(P0.05)。结论 ACI患者rt-PA溶栓24h后分别给予150mg·d~(-1)、300mg·d~(-1)阿司匹林对其神经功能改善、近期预后及HT发生率无影响,但高剂量阿司匹林会增加其他出血并发症发生风险。     

rt-PA联合丁苯肽或尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)联合丁苯肽或尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性,对比丁苯肽与尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 75例符合溶栓条件的急性脑梗死患者随机分为对照组(予rt-PA治疗)和丁苯肽组(予rt-PA联合丁苯肽治疗)及尤瑞克林组(予rt-PA联合尤瑞克林治疗)各25例,于治疗前及治疗后7d、14d、1个月采用NIHSS评分进行疗效评定。结果 3组治疗后NIHSS评分均较治疗前降低(P0.01),治疗后14d、1个月丁苯肽组及尤瑞克林组的NIHSS评分较对照组低(P0.05);丁苯肽组及尤瑞克林组NIHSS评分治疗后比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论rt-PA联合丁苯肽或尤瑞克林较单用rt-PA能更显著改善急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损症状,丁苯肽与尤瑞克林在改善脑梗死患者神经功能缺损症状方面疗效相当。     

不同剂量rt-PA静脉治疗急性缺血性卒中临床分析

目的 重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（reconstructive tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA）在静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中时,美国食品药品管理局（food and drug administration,FDA）批准剂量为0.9mg/kg（总量≤90mg）,国内亦有应用剂量0.6～0.8mg/kg（总量50mg）。本试验拟探讨两种剂量rt-PA的疗效及安全性。方法 纳入急性缺血性卒中患者30例,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（N ati o n a l I n sti tu te s of Health Stroke Scale NIHSS）评分2～26分,发病时间0.5～6h,无溶栓禁忌证。随机分为两组：rt-PA0.6～0.8mg/kg（总量50mg）组（A组）和0.9mg/kg组（B组）。比较两组治疗前、治疗后24h及14d的NIHSS评分改善率（≥4分）及颅内出血率、死亡率。结果 两组治疗前的基本资料无统计学差异,NIHSS评分平均为10.17分。B组治疗后14d NIHSS评分改善率明显优于A组（86.67% vs 53.3%,P <0.05）。两组发生颅内出血的比例均为6%。两组死亡病例均为非出血性病变,A组死亡率略高于B组,但无统计学差异（26.67% vs 20%,P =0.67）。结论 rt-PA 0.9mg/kg剂量疗效优于0.6～0.8mg/kg剂量,并未增加颅内出血并发症及死亡率,该溶栓剂量同样适用于国人。     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.