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氰戊菊酯和锐劲特对原生动物群落的联合毒性试验研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
氰戊菊酯和锐劲特两种农药被广泛用于茶树、果树、水稻、蔬菜等的病虫害防治,它们同时出现在同一环境中的机会非常多,但有关两种农药对生态系统的复合毒性效应却未见有研究报道.与单种生物毒性试验相比,群落级生物毒性试验对毒物胁迫的反映更具环境真实性.以PFU在天然淡水中采集到的原生动物群落为靶生物,研究了氰戊菊酯和锐劲特2种农药对淡水原生动物群落的毒性效应,对于水生生态环境的保护有特殊的意义.研究结果表明,2种农药单独存在时对原生动物群落的48h半数致死浓度分别为15 93mg·L-1和35 83mg·L-1;2种物质以等毒性比(单一LC50的比值)混和,进行联合毒性试验研究,用Marking相加指数法进行评价,其AI值为0 9,表现为协同作用.氰戊菊酯和锐劲特进入水环境后,将使水环境中原生动物群落的结构和组成发生变化,原生动物种类数减少,群落结构变得简单.在所有种类中,纤毛虫受损最大,水生生态系统的物质循环和能量流动将会受到一定程度的影响. 相似文献
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城市污水处理系统真核微生物群落特性与地域性差异 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
城市污水处理厂是控制水污染、保证城市与人类可持续发展的重要设施.真核微生物作为活性污泥系统中不可或缺的一部分,在指示活性污泥性质、预测出水水质、强化净化效果、保障系统稳定运行过程中发挥着重要作用.本研究以来自北京、深圳和无锡的14个城市污水处理厂的61份样品为研究对象,采用18S r DNA高通量测序技术并结合多种生态学及统计学相关分析方法,探讨了活性污泥系统内真核微生物群落特性与地域性差异.结果表明,不同空间尺度下,活性污泥系统内真核微生物群落优势种群组成相似,在Devision水平上,群落优势种群主要由真菌、原生动物(纤毛亚门)和后生动物组成,三者相对丰度之和高达86. 22%~89. 40%.不同城市污水处理厂活性污泥系统内真核微生物多样性存在差异,无锡群落的多样性(丰富度和香农-威纳多样性指数)最高,北京的最低,且3个城市的活性污泥系统内真核微生物群落结构存在显著的地域性差异. partial mantel test和多元回归矩阵分析结果表明,曝气池混合液温度和出水总氮浓度与活性污泥系统内真核微生物群落结构的相关性较强.研究结果深化了对污水处理系统中真核微生物的认识. 相似文献
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本文简述了原生动物在环境监测和污水处理中的优势,对原生动物在水体和土壤环境监测中具体应用,以及在活性污泥系统和渗透过滤系统中的应用,以供参考。 相似文献
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藓类附生原生动物群落对汞铊矿重金属污染的监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用群落多样性特征指数和冗余分析法(RDA),对黔西南滥木厂汞铊矿的矿渣、废石、矿体和附近的石灰岩上的藓类附生原生动物与重金属污染的关系进行研究.经显微镜检,共发现藓类附生原生动物群落物种数为75种,原生动物丰度范围在2~504个.g-1.群落多样性指数结果表明,矿渣的重金属污染最严重.RDA分析结果表明,重金属污染对藓类附生原生动物群落结构变化有明显的影响,有些种类对重金属污染十分敏感或有一定的耐性.因此,藓类附生原生动物群落可用来监测矿区生态系统的重金属污染. 相似文献
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1983年5月份开始,东北师大环境科学研究所按照中国科学院水生生物研究所编著的“微型生物群落在生物监测中的应用”讲义所述,着手用PFU法对南湖原生动物进行调查。工作方法 PFU法即用聚氨酯泡沫塑料块(Polyurethane Foam Unit)采集微型生物群 相似文献
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用PFU原生动物群落监测与评价南淝河水质 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国弗吉尼亚工程学院及州立大学环境研究中心所长Cairns教授等于1969年创建了用聚氨酯泡沫塑料块(PolyurethaneFoam Unit,简称PFU)为人工基质采集微型生物群落的方法。Cairns认为原生动物在PFU上的群集过程符合MacArthur-Wilson 相似文献
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锐劲特和高效氯氰菊酯对原生动物群落的联合毒性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
与以单种生物为受试对象的毒性试验相比 ,群落级生物毒性试验更接近自然环境 ,更具有现实意义 .本文以淡水中原生动物群落为试验对象对锐劲特和高效氯氰菊酯的急性毒性和联合毒性进行研究 .实验结果表明 ,锐劲特、高效氯氰菊酯对原生动物群落的48h LC50 分别为35.83mg·L-1,1.92mg·L-1.锐劲特 高效氯氰菊酯联合毒性测定是以等毒性比混配 (配比为18.6∶1)进行的 ,其48h联合毒性相加指数AI为-0.08,两者表现为弱的拮抗作用 .在低剂量锐劲特和高效氯氰菊酯的联合作用下 ,原生动物群落功能类群发生变化 ,食藻类和食肉类原生动物种类和数量将减少 ,而食菌和碎屑类原生动物将成为相对优势种类 . 相似文献
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用PFU法对汉沽污水库污水净化效能进行了监测。结果表明,微型生物的群集速度较好地反映了污水库的净化过程。室内毒性试验与野外生态试验所显示的结果较为相符。PFU法与其它常规监测方法比较,结果基本一致,且具有快速、准确和简易的优点。 相似文献
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Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon that was widely used for seed dressing in prevention of fungal growth on crops, and also as a component of fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubbers. Because of its resistance to degradation and mobility, HCB is widely distributed throughout the environment and is accumulated through food chains in different ecosystems. In this study, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the toxic effects of HCB in the microbial (protozoan in particular) communities in the Fuhe River, Wuhan, a water body receiving industrial wastewaters containing HCB and other pollutants, using the standardized polyurethane foam units (PFU) method. Field samples were taken from eight stations established along the Fuhe River in January and August 2006. The concentration ratios of HCB in microbial communities and in water were 9.66-18.64, and the microbial communities accumulated 13.29-56.88 μg/L of HCB in January and 0.82-10.25 μg/L HCB in August. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the HCB contents in the microbial assemblage, and the number of species and the diversity index of the protozoan communities. This study demonstrated the applicability of the PFU method in monitoring the effects of HCB on the level of microbial communities. 相似文献
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Succession of aquatic microbial communities as a result of the water quality variations in continuous water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The changes of structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities in continuous water on campus of Tsinghua University, China are investigated by polyurethane foam unit(PFU) method. The measured compositions of the communities include alga, protozoa, and some metazoa (such as rotifers). The measured indicators of water quality include water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and chlorophyll- a(Chla). The trophic level, expressed by the trophic level indices(TL/c), is assessed with analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis (AHP-PCA) method. The changing trends of the structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities, such as Margalef index of diversity(D), Shannon-weaver index of diversity (H), Heterotropy index (HI), number of species when the colonization gets equilibrium(Seq), colonizing speed constant(G) and time spent when 90 percent of Seq colonized in PFU ( T90% ), are also analyzed. The experimental results showed the succession of aquatic microbial communities along the water flow is consistent with the water quality changes, so the parameters of microbial community can reflect the changes of water quality from the ecological view. 相似文献
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Mohammad A. Alotaibi 《Food and environmental virology》2011,3(3-4):109-114
The protozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii can inhabit various environments, including aquatic environments. After co-culture with mammalian cells which had been infected with coxsackievirus and rotavirus, virus was observed to have been internalised within the Acanthamoeba cells. No internalisation of freely-suspended virus was observed. The potential implications of virus internalisation of protozoa via infected mammalian cells, such as protection from disinfection, are discussed. 相似文献
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再生水利用的病原微生物浓度限值探讨 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
采用微生物定量风险评价的方法,结合北京市某城市污水回用工程,对再生水用于园林绿化、道路冲洗与降尘等市政用途时的病原微生物浓度限值进行了探讨.提出的限值为:大肠埃希氏杆菌70个/L、沙门氏菌0.5 CFU/L、志贺氏菌0.1CFU/100L、甲肝病毒0.001 PFU/100L、轮状病毒1.2×10-3PFU/100L、脊髓灰质炎病毒0.07 PFU/100L、柯萨奇病毒0.04PFU/100L、埃可病毒0.05 PFU/100L、隐孢子虫卵囊0.1个/100L、贾弟鞭毛虫卵囊0.03个/100L. 相似文献
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Algal-bloom control is an important issue for water environment protection as it induces several negative impacts on the lives
of aquatic organisms, aquaculture, landscaping, and human health. The development of an environment-friendly, cost-effective,
and convenient alternative for controlling algal bloom has gained much concern. Using the allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes
as a novel and safe method for algal-bloom control is a promising alternative. This paper reviews the development and potential
application about allelopathy of aquatic plants on algae, including the allelopathic research history, the potential research
problems, the research methodology, and the reported aquatic macrophytes and their inhibitory allelochemicals. Potential modes
of inhibition action of allelochemicals on algae, possible ways for application, and future development directions of research
on algal-bloom control by aquatic macrophytes were also presented. 相似文献