镱应力传感器在混凝土中的匹配特性试验研究

将镱应力传感器埋入混凝土试块内,在霍普金森杆上进行了测试“匹配误差”的冲击试验。试验表明：镱应力传感器在混凝土中的匹配系数的试验值为1．017。扁平式的传感器结构能有效地减小传感器对被测介质应力场的扰动,可广泛应用于弹药爆炸和武器侵彻过程中混凝土或岩石等介质中的冲击应力的测试。     

钢材料电磁应力传感器技术研究

现代结构普遍大量使用铁磁性钢材料作为承载构件,其受力状态直接关系到结构整体的安全性。由于应力对钢材料磁特征参量的影响比较显著,故在分析了基本原理的前提下,设计了一种管筒式电磁应力传感器。采用有限元仿真技术FLUX软件检验磁路设计的合理性,并提出了实验与仿真相结合的方法对传感器输出电压进行标定。通过实验与仿真计算结果对比,验证了该种方法的正确性,为该种应力检测传感器提供了一种高效的标定方法,使其更加具有市场价值。     

箔式镱大压力传感器的设计与制作

镱材料具有压阻特性,其压阻系数比锰铜、碳等压阻材料要高得多.本文介绍了利用这一特性设计制作的箔式镱大压力传感器,并介绍了其工作原理和设计制作中的关键要点,以及在工艺上需解决的关键问题.     

长线磁致伸缩位移传感器的磁极化强度模型

长线磁致伸缩位移传感器是一种利用磁致伸缩材料的磁致伸缩效应及其逆效应实现位移测量的传感器.运用电磁学和铁磁学相关理论,构建了磁极化强度模型,讨论了该种传感器中扭转式弹性波的产生机理.通过建立有限元模型,使用ANSYS仿真平台进行了激励磁场的仿真模拟.理论模型对仿真结果数据的进一步计算获得了磁致伸缩线体内应力的分布特性.计算结果与实验数据的比较,证明了磁极化强度模型相关理论的合理性.为构建有效的弹性波信号,提高该种传感器检测精度提供了理论依据和实验数据.     

高冲击环境下MEMS大量程加速度传感器结构的失效分析

对设计的大量程加速度传感器进行冲击测试,分析该种传感器结构在高冲击环境下的输出信号及可靠性。加速度传感器结构采用四端全固支结构,通过在梁的端部和根部设计倒角结构以分散应力。测试结果表明该传感器在232,119.4 gn下可以测试到有效输出信号。同时,对测试中失效传感器进行了分析,总结出大量程加速度传感器的在高冲击环境下的失效模式主要为键合引线的脱落、微梁的断裂和封装失效。     

用碳压阻传感器测量低冲击波压力

<正> 1 引言 压阻传感器在冲击波物理中得到广泛的应用。与压电传感器相比,它表现出了几个显著的特点:响应快、尺寸小、电磁脉冲干扰低以及可测量材料中的应力。由于在试验过程中,压阻传感器和材料中应力平衡时间在10_(-11)s内,所以,它可以完整地记录下陡的应力剖面。举例来说,这有利于记录液体中马赫交叉线后快速衰减的压力剖面和确     

利用Msc.dytran优化高冲击压电式加速度传感器设计

为优化压电式加速度传感器设计,提高其量程,用瞬态动力学仿真软件Msc.dytran对中心压缩型压电式加速度传感器在导弹碰靶过程中的加速度和动态应力进行模拟仿真。结果表明：对于结构一定的传感器,压电片厚度存在一个最佳值,可以通过仿真选择较好的材料组合（如,基座选铝、压电材料选石英）来减小透射到压电片中的应力波强度,以提高传感器的量程。     

基于非晶态合金的动态轨道衡压磁电感式应力传感器的研究

为了解决目前动态轨道衡中使用的应力传感器存在的问题,开发了一种基于非晶态合金薄带的压磁电感式应力传感器.论述了传感器的工作原理,推导出了它的输出方程,并分别在材料试验机与矿山有轨运输轨道上进行了静态特性标定和实测试验.试验显示,这种传感器具有较高的测试精度和灵敏度.另外,这种传感器结构简单、安装方便、坚固耐用,应用于动态轨道衡是可行的.     

磁巴克豪森应力检测仪研制

基于磁巴克豪森效应原理研制了一种铁磁性材料应力检测仪。该仪器包含磁巴克豪森传感器、低频连续功率放大器、低噪声小信号放大器和应力标定等多项技术,可对不同铁磁性材料应力状态进行检测与评估。工程现场实验表明所开发的检测仪器具有快速、便捷进行在役设备关键部位应力分布扫描检测的优点,且应力检测灵敏度和准确度高。     

一种基于悬浮吸收层的双层结构的热电堆红外探测器(英文)

提出一种新颖红外传感器,这种传感器采用悬浮吸收层的双层结构的优势,来实现相对小尺寸下的高探测性能。双层结构采用2种牺牲层材料,分别为聚酰亚胺牺牲层和预埋在热偶条和沉底之间的多晶硅材料。仿真结果证明了该种结构的探测率、响应率和响应时间分别达到2.85×108cm Hz(1/2)/W、1 800 V/W和6 ms。本文给出了该种热电堆红外探测器高度兼容于CMOS工艺的制备流程,使器件的高效量产和低成本生产成为可能。     

Linear covariant gauges on the lattice

Linear covariant gauges, such as Feynman gauge, are very useful in perturbative calculations. Their non-perturbative formulation is, however, highly non-trivial. In particular, it is a challenge to define linear covariant gauges on a lattice. We consider a class of gauges in lattice gauge theory that coincides with the perturbative definition of linear covariant gauges in the formal continuum limit. The corresponding gauge-fixing procedure is described and analyzed in detail, with an application to the pure SU(2) case. In addition, results for the gluon propagator in the two-dimensional case are given.     

Gauges design for a digital instrument cluster: Efficiency,visual capture,and satisfaction assessment for truck driving

This study aims at increasing knowledge of the best way to design trucks’ gauges on digital instrument clusters. Trucks are equipped with many gauges that the driver has to monitor while driving. Digital instrument clusters offer new design possibilities and the human factors literature presents only limited answers on safe and efficient gauge designs. Eighteen truck drivers were presented with eight gauges with different shapes, orientation and indicators to perform three reading tasks (quantitative, qualitative and check reading). Results showed that gauge design impacted task completion times, eyes on-gauge duration and satisfaction. Horizontal gauges and pointer indicators were more efficient and less demanding visually. On the subjective side, circular and horizontal gauges were preferred by drivers. Specific gauge designs implied a gain in visual demand up to 250 ms. For the design of gauges on digital instrument cluster, information processing can be facilitated thanks to basic design changes.     

基于CAN总线的雷达液位仪通信模块设计

雷达液位仪是一种非接触式的高精度液位测量仪表。针对现有雷达液位仪不具有现场总线通信方式的现状，设计了基于CAN总线的雷达液位仪通信模块，给出了硬、软件的设计方案，并指出了需要注意的问题，为组建基于CAN总线的液位测量系统打下了良好的基础。实验表明，该通信模块具有结构简单、工作稳定可靠、通信速率高等特点。     

Interdigital capacitive strain gauges fabricated by direct-write thermal spray and ultrafast laser micromachining

There is a growing demand for in situ monitoring of strain in high-temperature, harsh environment systems. Resistive strain gauges, while popular and easy to implement, have several disadvantages when used at high-temperatures. This work presents the design, fabrication, and initial testing of capacitive strain gauges for use in high-temperature, harsh environments. The gauges are fabricated using a direct-write thermal spray technology in which a computer-controlled deposition system is used to fabricate silver gauge patterns onto polymer, composite, and alumina substrates to form the strain gauges. Gauges were also fabricated using ultrafast laser micromachining of blanket NiCr coatings thermal sprayed onto an alumina substrate. The typical gauge capacitance was 4–25 pF. Mechanical measurements performed included gauge factor, linearity, and zero shift. Temperature-based measurements include the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) and thermal cycling tests. The devices show promise for use in harsh environments and in wireless strain monitoring applications.     

γ射线测厚仪在宽厚板生产线的研究与应用

在宽厚板轧制工艺中,对钢板厚度的准确测量可以进行准确的厚度控制,以便提高成材率、降低成本、提高产品竞争率.在莱钢宽厚板生产线上,采用γ射线测厚仪来测量钢板厚度.本文介绍了γ射线测厚仪的设备构成、工作原理和标定方法.该设备测量精度高,具有自校准功能,为精轧机的高质量轧制提供可靠的厚度反馈.该设备使用以来取得了良好的效果.     

Automated Bayesian quality control of streaming rain gauge data

Radar-rainfall data are being used in an increasing number of real-time applications because of their wide spatial and temporal coverage. Because of uncertainties in radar measurements and the relationship between radar measurements and rainfall on the ground, radar-rainfall data are often combined with rain gauge data to improve their accuracy. However, while rain gauges can provide accurate estimates of rainfall, their data are sometimes corrupted with errors caused by the environment in which the gauges are deployed. This study develops a real-time method for identifying measurement errors in rain gauge data streams. This method employs a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model of the rain gauge data stream to sequentially forecast the next rain gauge measurement from both the rain gauge and weather radar data streams and a decision rule-based classifier to identify data errors. Because of the uncertainty in the relationship between the radar and rainfall measurements, this method uses a statistical learning method (expectation maximization) to determine the best parameters for this relationship, given an adaptively sized moving window of previous measurements. The performance of the error detector developed in this study is demonstrated using a precipitation sensor network composed of five telemetered tipping bucket rain gauges and a WSR-88D weather radar. Through an analysis using synthetic errors, the false alarm rate and false negative rate were calculated to be 0.90% and 1.5%, respectively.     

基于PROFIBUS-DP的Na离子测量仪通信模块的设计

针对现有钠离子测量仪不具有现场总线通信方式的现状，设计了基于DP卡的Na离子测量仪通信模块，改变传统的串口通信方式，采用PROFIBUS总线通信方式，给出了硬、软件的设计方案。该通信模块使测量仪表成为现场总线中的一个子站，为组建基于PROFIBUS总线的水质检测系统打下了良好的基础。实验表明，该通信模块具有结构简单、工作稳定可靠、通信速率高等特点。     

非接触式水位计校准装置的研制与应用

为解决我国水利行业大量使用的超声波、雷达式等非接触式水位计的测量准确度问题,研制开发出一种非接触式水位计实验室校准装置。通过分析非接触式水位计的测量误差源,介绍非接触式水位计校准装置数据采集与控制、数据测量、升降、人机界面等子系统的设计,并对装置的计量误差进行测试分析,对实现的功能进行阐述。经过应用测试,验证该装置校准精度在1 mm以内,适应波束角15°,能很好地满足非接触式水位计的实验室校准工作,为行业内大量应用的非接触式水位计的校准提供新的手段,为水位测量仪器的数据准确性提供技术保障。     

一种高精度压力计温度影响的误差来源分析及消除

本文给出了一种高精度数字压力计的数据采集电路。为了消除温度对测量精度的影响,分析了温度影响的误差来源,从热噪声、温度变化对传感器的影响及列数据采集电路的影响等误差来源方面,在数字滤波算法、温度补偿算法、电路设计、系统硬件设计等方面给出了相应的解决方法,实现了数字压力计的高精度测量。     

NiCrAlY薄膜应变计的研制

采用射频磁控溅射法在Ni基高温合金拉伸件上制备NiCrAlY薄膜应变计。研究了热稳定处理对NiCrAlY薄膜结构、表面形貌的影响,并且测试了NiCrAlY薄膜应变计的电学与应变性能。结果表明：热稳定处理后 NiCrAlY 薄膜应变计由于在表面形成了一层 Al2 O3膜,具有抗高温氧化的特性,在室温～800℃范围内,应变计电阻同温度呈线性变化,电阻温度系数（ TCR）约为290×10－6/℃,室温下的应变计系数（ GF）为2.1。