顺式阿曲库铵闭环注射系统在腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 探讨顺式阿曲库铵闭环注射在腹腔镜手术中的肌松效果.方法 选择腹腔镜手术患者20例,随机均分成闭环注射组(G组)和对照组(C组).C组持续输注顺式阿曲库铵1.5～2 μg·kg-1·min-1直至手术结束前30 min;G组输注顺式阿曲库铵0.8μg·kg-1 ·min-1,设定肌松深度反馈值T1=15％,近手术结束时由研究实施者根据术中肌松监测指标决定停药时机.记录麻醉时间、顺式阿曲库铵的总用量、恢复指数、TOFr75及TOFr90.结果 G组顺式阿曲库铵总用量均明显少于C组(P＜0.05),恢复指数、TOFr75及TOFr90明显缩短于C组(P＜0.05).结论 与持续输注方式相比,闭环肌松药注射方式肌松药用量更少,恢复指数、TOFr75和TOFr90明显缩短,实现个性化和合理化用药.     

顺式阿曲库铵两种不同给药方式对肌松残余作用的影响

目的比较顺式阿曲库铵持续输注与间断给药对肌松残余作用的影响。方法择期行腰椎管狭窄或胸腰椎体骨折手术患者80例,年龄18～70岁,随机分为A1、A2、B1和B2四组,每组20例。A1和A2组分别微量泵持续输注顺式阿曲库铵1.5和0.75μg·kg-1·min-1,B1和B2组分别静脉间断注射顺式阿曲库铵0.1和0.05mg·kg-1·h-1。A1组与B1组、A2组与B2组肌松药使用总量相同。记录肌松药使用总量,TOFr达25%、50%、75%、90%的时间,拔管时间,患者能够持续抬头5s的时间。结果与A2组比较,A1组TOFr恢复至25%、50%时间明显延长(P0.05);与B1组比药,A1组TOFr恢复至25%的时间明显延长(P0.05);与B2组比较,A2组TOFr恢复至50%、75%时间明显延长(P0.05);B1组TOFr恢复至50%、75%、90%时间明显延长(P0.05)。与A2组比较,A1组患者肌力恢复于Ⅳ～Ⅴ级的时间及能够持续抬头5s的时间明显延长(P0.05)。结论顺式阿曲库铵持续输注与间断给药对肌松残余作用均无明显影响,但持续输注可延长肌松恢复时间。     

闭环靶控输注顺式阿曲库铵在腹腔镜手术患儿中的应用

目的比较闭环靶控和间断给药两种方法输注顺式阿曲库铵在腹腔镜手术患儿中的效果。方法选择择期行腹腔镜手术患儿72例,男45例,女27例,年龄2～8岁,BMI 14～21 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数表法将患儿分为闭环组(C组)和间断组(I组),每组36例。麻醉诱导时两组均给予顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg。当四个成串刺激(TOF)第一次肌颤搐(T1)到达最大阻滞时进行气管插管。麻醉维持时C组使用T1闭环模式,设置T1=20%为增药的条件,调整顺式阿曲库铵用量,增药量5μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),维持量0.2μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)。I组在T1≥20%时静注顺式阿曲库铵0.03 mg/kg。记录术中顺式阿曲库铵总用量及追加次数、肌松恢复指数(RI)、T1恢复至75%(T1=75%)和90%(T1=90%)的时间、T4与T1的比值(TOFr)恢复至0.75(TOFr=0.75)和0.90(TOFr=0.90)的时间、手术时间和拔管时间。记录术后并发症发生情况。结果两组顺式阿曲库铵总用量、术中追加次数以及TOFr=0.75和TOFr=0.90的时间差异无统计学意义。C组拔管时间、RI、T1=75%和T1=90%的时间明显短于I组(P0.05)。两组均未出现术后肌松残余或低氧血症等并发症。结论与相比于传统间断给药比较,闭环靶控输注顺式阿曲库铵应用于腹腔镜手术患儿的肌松恢复更快。     

七氟醚与异氟醚对老年患者持续输注顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的 比较吸入等效浓度七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉下对老年患者持续输注顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响.方法 全麻下行耳鼻喉或颌面外科手术老年患者60例,随机均分为三组.七氟醚组(S组)和异氟醚组(Ⅰ组)分别吸入等效浓度(呼气末浓度1 MAC)七氟醚和异氟醚维持麻醉,对照组(C组)靶控输注丙泊酚(血浆靶浓度为2～3 μg/ml)维持麻醉,同时三组均持续输注顺式阿曲库铵,使T1稳定在基础值的10％,采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测仪行拇内收肌肌松监测.记录初始剂量顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、术中输注速率、恢复指数(T1恢复25％至75％)和TOFr恢复至0.9的时间.结果 给药30 min后各时点S组和Ⅰ组顺式阿曲库铵输注速率小于C组(P＜0.05).给药45 min后各时点I组顺式阿曲库铵输注速率高于S组(P＜0.05).结论 等效浓度七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉下均能增强老年患者持续输注顺式阿曲库铵的肌松效应.     

小儿不同剂量顺式阿曲库铵的肌松作用

目的通过观察小儿不同剂量顺式阿曲库铵的肌松作用,评价是否存在封顶效应,探讨小儿合适的麻醉诱导剂量。方法45例择期手术的息儿,年龄15～50月,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组(n=15):顺式阿曲库铵0.1 mg/kg组(A组)、顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg组(B组)、顺式阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg(C组)。采用TOF-Guard肌松监测仪对尺神经行连续四个成串(TOF)刺激,监测拇内收肌肌颤搐变化;静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg、芬太尼2μg/kg及相应剂量顺式阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,吸入O2-N2O和静脉持续输注异丙酚维持麻醉;评价气臂插管条件评估分级,监测诱导期间血液动力学变化,记录起效时间(肌松药注毕至T1达最大抑制的时间)、临床肌松维持时间(肌松药注毕至T1恢复5%的时间)、临床肌松有效作用时间(T1从最大抑制至恢复25%的时间)、恢复指数(T1恢复从25%至75%的时间)、体内肌松作用时间(肌松药注毕至T1恢复95%的时间)。结果3组气管插管条件评估分级比较差异无统计学意义;三组T1达最大抑制时心率、平均动脉压组间和组内比较差异均无统计学意义。与A组相比,B组、C组起效时间较短,临床肌松维持时间、临床肌松有效作用时间、体内肌松作用时间较长(P<0.01);三组恢复指数差异无统计学意义。与B组相比,C组起效时间差异无统计学意义,但临床肌松维持时间、临床肌松有效作用时间、体内肌松作用时间较长(P<0.05或0.01)。结论小儿芬太尼复合异丙酚时,顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg(3倍ED95)是麻醉诱导的适宜剂量。     

不同给药方式对肝移植术中顺式阿曲库铵临床药效学的影响

目的 评价不同给药方式对肝移植术中顺式阿曲库铵临床药效学的影响.方法 择期肝移植术患者24例,年龄18 ～ 63岁,体重60 ～ 88 kg,BMI 20 ～ 30 kg/m2,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其分为2组(n=12):连续静脉输注组(C组)和间断静脉注射组(I组).采用全凭静脉全身麻醉,麻醉诱导后待肌松监测仪显示T1恢复至10％时,C组开始静脉输注顺式阿曲库铵,初始速率1.5 μg· kg-1 ·min-1,调节输注速率,维持T1在10％左右,I组间断静脉注射0.03 mg/kg顺式阿曲库铵,维持T1≤10％,待腹膜关闭后即刻停止使用肌松药.记录顺式阿曲库铵的单位时间用药量、T1由10％恢复至25％的时间、恢复指数和术后自主呼吸恢复的时间.结果 与I组相比,C组顺式阿曲库铵单位时间用药量减少,术后自主呼吸恢复时间缩短(P＜0.05),T1恢复至25％的时间和恢复指数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与间断静脉注射相比,肝移植术中静脉输注顺式阿曲库铵有助于提高临床肌松效应的效价,有利于减少麻醉恢复期相关并发症的发生.     

丙泊酚-七氟醚静吸复合麻醉对阿曲库铵药效学的影响

目的 观察七氟醚对阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响.方法 68例择期腹部手术的全麻患者,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～67岁,随机均分为丙泊酚-七氟醚静吸复合麻醉组(七氟醚组)和丙泊酚静脉麻醉组(对照组).监测腩电双频指数(BIS),使用加速度肌松监测仪刺激前臂尺神经,观察拇内收肌的收缩反应,记录阿曲库铵的起效时间、无反应时间、肌松维持时间以及恢复指数等指标.结果 两组肌松起效时间、无反应时间以及T1 25%时间差异无统计学意义,但七氟醚组25%四个成串刺激比(TOFr)恢复时间、恢复指数及拔管时间均比对照组明显延长(P<0.05).结论 七氟醚麻醉能明显增强阿曲库铵的肌松效应.     

七氟烷对国产顺式阿曲库铵神经肌肉深度阻滞期的影响

目的观察七氟烷吸入麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉两种不同麻醉维持方法下对国产顺式阿曲库铵神经肌肉深度阻滞期的影响。方法择期行全身麻醉下胆囊切除手术患者60例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,麻醉诱导插管后随机分为S组(n=30)和V组(n=30),分别采用成七氟烷+瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼维持麻醉。使用连续肌松监测仪连续测定左手拇内收肌的四个成串刺激(TOF)值,无反应期进行强直刺激后单次刺激肌颤搐计数(PTC);记录阻滞起效时间、深度阻滞维持时间、深阻滞恢复时间、25%TOF恢复时间、95%TOF恢复时间,计算出深-浅交界阻滞时间及总体内作用时间。结果两组深度阻滞期时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),但S组深-浅交界阻滞时间及25%TOF恢复时间明显长于V组(P0.05)。结论七氟烷加强国产顺式阿曲库铵肌松时间位于PTC首次出现到TOF 25%恢复的深-浅阻滞交界时间段,部位主要在接头后膜。     

经皮肾镜手术中体温对不同年龄患者顺式阿曲库铵恢复时间的影响

目的观察不同年龄患者在经皮肾镜手术中体温的变化及体温对顺式阿曲库铵恢复时间的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级经皮肾镜手术患者80例,随机分为两组,N组为术中不保温组,H组为术中保温组。再根据年龄将每组患者再分两组,分别为不保温中青年组(NY组)、不保温老年组(NO组)、保温中青年组(HY组)、保温老年组(HO组),每组各20例。采用全身麻醉顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg诱导气管插管,持续监测肌肉松弛和鼻咽温度,并记录起效时间、拇肌诱导肌颤搐反应(T1)恢复至25%、75%的时间和完全恢复时间(TOFr0.9)及恢复指数(RI)。结果术毕两个不保温组体温显著低于两个保温组(P0.05),且不保温老人组体温[(34.7±0.4)℃]低于不保温成人组[(35.2±0.3)℃](P0.05);两个不保温组患者的T125%、75%、RI时间明显长于保温组(P0.05),不保温老人组起效时间、T125%、75%时间长于不保温成人组(P0.05)。结论经皮肾镜手术容易发生术中低体温,保温有助于顺式阿曲库铵肌肉松弛作用的恢复,高龄患者尤其应注意保温,避免肌松药残留引起术后并发症。     

三种小剂量非去极化肌松药在无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的应用及效果

目的探讨临床常用的三种非去极化肌松药在无痛纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查中的应用及效果。方法拟行无痛纤支镜检查(超声下纤支镜淋巴结活检、气管、支气管扩张与冷冻治疗)患者120例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为四组:罗库溴铵组(R组)、维库溴铵组(V组)、顺式阿曲库铵组(CIS组)及生理盐水组(N组)。患者静脉麻醉诱导意识消失后,采用TOF-Guard肌松监测仪进行肌松监测,三组肌松药组均单次5s内静脉注射1倍ED95剂量的肌松药,待T1达到最大抑制时,置入三通喉罩,丙泊酚靶控输注维持麻醉。记录三种肌松药起效时间、恢复指数、TOFR 0.9恢复时间。并记录患者麻醉前(T0)、意识消失时(T1)、喉罩置入即刻(T2)、纤支镜检查即刻(T3)、检查完毕清醒即刻(T4)的MAP、HR,喉罩置入条件分级以及纤支镜操作时间。结果与N组比较,R、V和CIS组喉罩置入条件与分级均呈现明显优势。与N组比较,T0、T1时R、V和CIS组血流动力学指标差异均无统计学意义;T2~T4时R、V和CIS组MAP明显低于,HR明显慢于N组(P0.05)。与CIS组比较,R组起效时间明显缩短(P0.05),恢复指数明显降低(P0.05)。结论罗库溴铵较维库溴铵、顺式阿曲库铵更有利于短时纤支镜检查的全麻诱导与维持。     

顺式阿曲库铵不同用药方式对老年全凭静脉麻醉肌松作用的影响

目的 探讨顺式阿曲库铵不同用药方式对老年患者全凭静脉麻醉肌松作用的影响.方法 60例掸期在全麻下行普外科手术的老年患者,ASA I～Ⅱ级.年龄7l～87岁,随机分为A组(η=20)和B组(η=40),其中B组再随机分为B1组(η=20)和B2组(η=20).肌松诱导:A组单次予顺式阿曲库铵0.2 mg·kg-1静注;B...     

年龄对顺式阿曲库铵靶控输注药效学的影响

目的探讨靶控输注(TCI)顺式阿曲库铵时年龄对其药效学的影响。方法接受丙泊酚-N2O/O2-芬太尼复合麻醉的患者40例均分为Ⅰ组(62～85岁)和Ⅱ组(20～59岁)。在四个成串刺激(TOF)监测下静注顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg。待TOF的T1为0时行气管插管,并对插管条件进行评级。待T1恢复至5%时开始TCI阿曲库铵,保持T1<10%。记录神经肌肉阻滞的起效时间、无反应期、阻滞维持时间和停药后肌松恢复时间,并记录顺式阿曲库铵的用药量。结果两组起效时间及恢复指数差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ组无反应期、阻滞维持时间和停药后肌松恢复时间明显长于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);顺式阿曲库铵的平均用药量明显少于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论老年患者TCI顺式阿曲库铵用药量虽然相应减少,但其恢复过程仍较青壮年延长。     

肝癌全身麻醉射频消融术后应用舒更葡糖钠逆转神经肌肉阻滞的回顾性研究

目的：探讨CT引导肝癌全身麻醉(全麻)射频消融术后、应用舒更葡糖钠逆转神经肌肉阻滞的作用。方法：回顾性分析2019年11月至2022年2月我院220例全麻肝癌射频消融术病人资料。根据不同逆转神经肌肉阻滞类型，即肌松拮抗剂分为：舒更葡糖钠组(S组)108例和新斯的明组(N组)112例。两组病人均采取全凭静脉麻醉，麻醉诱导和维持方式相同。S组术毕静脉给予舒更葡糖钠(2 mg/kg)拮抗肌松，N组静脉给予新斯的明(2 mg)+阿托品(0.5～1 mg)拮抗肌松。比较两组病人自主呼吸完全恢复时间、气管拔管时间、麻醉恢复室(postanesthesia care unit,PACU)停留时间和术后住院时间；以及拔管后10 min CT检查肺不张发生率，术后24 h肝功能，术后肺部并发症发生情况。结果：与N组比较，S组自主呼吸完全恢复时间、气管拔管时间与PACU停留时间明显缩短(P<0.05)，拔管后10 min肺不张发生率[35例(32.4%)比59例(52.7%)]及术后肺部并发症发生率[4例(3.7%)比11例(9.8%)]明显降低(P<0.05)。两组术后24 h肝功能指标均较...     

The pharmacokinetics of cisatracurium in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Continuous neuromuscular blockade is often necessary in patients being treated for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to optimize oxygenation. In this study, neuromuscular blockade (no response to two responses at the train-of-four stimulation at the orbicularis oculi muscle) was achieved in six patients with ARDS by a continuous infusion of cisatracurium. The plasma concentration of cisatracurium during the infusion averaged 1.00 (0.25-1.45) microg/mL, expressed as median (range). The clearance and half-life were 6.5 (3.3-7.6) mL. min(-1). kg(-1) and 25 (16-48) min, respectively. The laudanosine plasma concentrations were 0.70 (0.12-1.20) microg/mL. The pharmacokinetic variables of cisatracurium are similar to those of patients without organ failure undergoing elective surgery. Plasma laudanosine levels always remained well less that those associated with seizure activity in animal models. Long-term infusion of cisatracurium was not associated with any side effects. Cisatracurium is a suitable muscle relaxant when deep and continuous levels of muscle relaxation are required in patients treated for ARDS. IMPLICATIONS: We studied the pharmacokinetics of cisatracurium in six patients treated for respiratory distress syndrome by continuous muscle relaxation. A deep degree of neuromuscular blockade corresponding to abolition of two responses at the orbicularis oculi to train-of-four stimulation was obtained in all patients. The pharmacokinetic variables observed in these severely ill patients were similar to those of anesthetized patients. No accumulation of laudanosine was seen. Cisatracurium appears to be suitable when continuous muscle relaxation is required in critically ill patients.     

The relationship of posttetanic count and train-of-four responses during recovery from intense cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade

Posttetanic count (PTC) has been used to quantify intense degrees of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. Our objective in the present investigation was to discern whether PTC correlates with recovery from intense cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade under both inhaled and IV anesthesia. In 60 patients, anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg and fentanyl 1.5 micro g/kg IV. Recovery from intense neuromuscular blockade induced by cisatracurium (0.15 mg/kg) was studied in 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 30) had anesthesia maintained with propofol 100-200 micro g x kg(-1) x min(-1) and 60% N(2)O in O(2), whereas Group 2 (n = 30) had anesthesia maintained with isoflurane (end-tidal concentration 0.8%) and 60% N(2)O in O(2). Neuromuscular functions were monitored using acceleromyography. Cycles of posttetanic stimulation were repeated every 6 min with train-of-four (TOF) stimulation in between. Measurement included times to posttetanic responses and to the first response to TOF stimulation (T(1)), as well as the correlation between PTC and T(1). In Group 1, the mean times to PTC(1) and T(1) were 35.6 +/- 7.5 and 46.9 +/- 6.5 min, respectively. Corresponding times in Group 2 were 39.5 +/- 6.8 and 56.7 +/- 5.4 min, respectively. There was a good time correlation, r = 0.919 for propofol (Group 1) and r = 0.779 for isoflurane (Group 2), between PTC and T(1) recovery in both groups. The PTC when T(1) appeared ranged between 8 and 9 in Group 1 and 8 and 14 in Group 2. Conforming to original observations with other neuromuscular blocking drugs, there is a correlation between PTC and TOF recovery from intense cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade allowing better monitoring of this intense degree of blockade during both IV (propofol) and isoflurane anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS: Monitoring posttetanic count during intense neuromuscular blockade allows the clinician to estimate the intensity of the blockade and estimate recovery time. The relationship between posttetanic count and train-of-four recovery from intense cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade was documented under both IV and inhaled anesthesia.     

French survey of neuromuscular relaxant use in anaesthetic practice in adults

Guidelines about the use of neuromuscular blocking agents based on a national consensus conference have been published in 2000. A survey was carried out to assess adherence to these guidelines. An online questionnaire was designed from the different guidelines concerning the use of muscle relaxant for tracheal intubation and surgery, monitoring and antagonism of neuromuscular blockade. In addition, question about the knowledge of the pharmacodynamics of neuromuscular blocking agents were asked. Analysis concerned 1230 answers from senior anaesthetists. Tracheal intubation is facilitated by the use of a competitive agent or by succinylcholine by 58 and 8% of responders respectively. Atracurium and cisatracurium were most frequently used (49 and 44%, respectively). The duration of effect of an intubating dose of atracurium, vecuronium or rocuronium was estimated equal or below 60 min by more than half of responders, whereas that of cisatracurium was longer. Fifty-two or 74% of responders used neuromuscular monitoring, whether a single or repeated dose of muscle relaxant was administered. Antagonism of neuromuscular blockade was systematic, frequent, and episodic or excluded by 6, 26, 55 and 13% of responders, respectively. Monitoring and antagonism of neuromuscular blockade are underused despite the guidelines. Underestimation of the risk of postoperative residual curarization is linked to the underestimation of the duration of competitive neuromuscular blocking agents.     

Cisatracurium in cardiac surgery--continuous infusion vs. bolus administration

The aim of this study was the comparison of infusion vs. intermittent bolus administration of cisatracurium (CA) following cardiac surgery with regard to total intraoperative dose and time of recovery from neuromuscular blockade. From June 2005 to April 2006 sixty ASA II-III patients who were undergoing coronary bypass graft and valve replacement surgery, were equally divided and randomized to receive either intermittent bolus (Group A, n = 30) or continuous infusion (Group B, n = 30) of CA in Madani Heart Center in the Tabriz (Iran). Total intraoperative dose of CA and time to TOF ratio = 0.8 after operation were measured. Anesthesia technique in two groups was the same. All of the patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. Intensity of neuromuscular blockade maintained on one train-of-four (TOF) twitch response of adductor pollicis during operation. Mean received dose of CA was 32.8 +/- 20.6 micro/kg/hr in Group A and 89.7 +/- 39.4 micro/kg/hr in Group B (p = 0.003). Total intraoperative dose of CA was 23.6 +/- 4.9 mg in Group A and 39.2 +/- 10.1 mg in Group B (p = 0.001). Spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular blockade in ICU (TOF ratio = 0.8) was reached in 43.8 +/- 9.2 min in Group A, and 64.2 +/- 15.1 min in Group B (p = 0.0001). Intubation time in ICU was not significantly different (Group A = 8.3 +/- 5.1 hrs vs. Group B = 10.2 +/- 6.2 hrs, p = 0.256). These results support the intermittent bolus administration of cisatracurium in cardiac surgery following cardiopulmonary bypass.     

Cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is affected by chronic phenytoin or carbamazepine treatment in neurosurgical patients

The effect of chronic anticonvulsant therapy (CAT) on the maintenance and recovery profiles of cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade has not been adequately studied. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium after a prolonged infusion in patients with or without CAT. Thirty patients undergoing intracranial surgery were enrolled in the study: 15 patients under CAT (carbamazepine and phenytoin, Group A) and 15 controls receiving no anticonvulsant therapy (Group C). Anesthesia was standardized and both groups received a bolus of cisatracurium followed by an infusion to maintain a 95% twitch depression. A steady-state was obtained and the infusion was kept constant for 2 additional hours. Neuromuscular blockade was then allowed to spontaneously recover. Blood samples were taken for measurement of cisatracurium plasma concentration during the steady-state period (Cp(ss)95) and at various times during recovery. Demographic and intraoperative data were similar. CAT resulted in faster 25% and 75% recovery of the first twitch. The rate of infusion of cisatracurium needed to maintain a 95% twitch depression at steady-state was 44% faster in Group A (P < 0.001). The clearance of cisatracurium was significantly faster in Group A when compared with Group C (7.12 +/- 1.87 versus 5.72 +/- 0.70 L . kg(-1) . min(-1), P = 0.01). The Cp(ss)95 was also significantly larger in Group A (191 +/- 45 versus 159 +/- 36 ng/mL, P = 0.04). In addition, patients receiving CAT had a 20% increase in the clearance of cisatracurium that, in turn, resulted in a faster recovery of neuromuscular blockade after an infusion of the drug. Also, patients under CAT had a 20% increase in their Cp(ss)95, indicating an increased resistance to the effect of cisatracurium.     

Large bolus dose vs. continuous infusion of cisatracurium during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether a high bolus dose of cisatracurium (8x ED95) given at induction can provide muscle relaxation for the major part of a cardiac procedure with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, avoid important postoperative residual curarization and cause no waste of product. METHODS: Twenty patients were randomly assigned either to Group 1 (n = 10) or Group 2 (n = 10). Those in Group 1 were given cisatracurium in a high bolus dose (0.4 mg kg(-1)). Those in Group 2 received cisatracurium 0.1 mg kg(-1) at induction followed after 30 min by a continuous infusion of cisatracurium. As an escape medication in case of patient movement, a bolus dose of cisatracurium 0.03 mg kg(-1) was given. RESULTS: In Group 1 (large cisatracurium bolus dose), the clinical duration of effect (until T1/T0 = 25%) was 110 min. Six of 10 patients in Group 1 required additional boluses of cisatracurium intraoperatively. Four of these six had received an additional bolus near the end of surgery and had a train-of-four (TOF) ratio = 0 at the end. The other four patients in Group 1 had a final TOF ratio >0.9. In Group 2 (continuous cisatracurium infusion), only two patients had a TOF ratio >0.9 at the end of surgery, no patient moved and none received additional boluses. The total amount of cisatracurium used in the bolus and infusion Groups was 34.5 +/- 7.8 and 21.3 +/- 5.7 mg, respectively (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: For continued neuromuscular block during hypothermic cardiac surgery, a high bolus dose of cisatracurium appears to be safe, although it is not an alternative to a continuous infusion, as its neuromuscular blockade does not cover the intraoperative period and a high incidence of movements occurs. In the patients who received a high bolus dose of cisatracurium, postoperative residual curarization appeared after additional boluses had been given. The consumption of cisatracurium by high bolus was significantly greater than with continuous infusion.     

舒更葡糖钠对胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者术后肌松恢复的影响

目的探讨舒更葡糖钠对全麻下胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者术后肌松恢复的影响。方法选择全麻下行胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者96例,男61例,女35例,年龄18~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:新斯的明联合阿托品组(C组)和舒更葡糖钠组(S组),每组48例。两组麻醉诱导和术中全麻维持方案相同,使用四个成串刺激(TOF)监测肌松。手术结束后,待肌松监测T2出现时,C组静脉注射新斯的明0.05 mg/kg联合阿托品0.02 mg/kg,S组静脉注射舒更葡糖钠2 mg/kg。记录从给予肌松拮抗药到TOF比值(TOFr)恢复至0.9的时间,从给予肌松拮抗药到拔除气管导管的时间(拔管时间)。计算给予肌松拮抗药后5、15、30 min时肌松残余率。记录术后首次排气、排便时间,记录术后恶心呕吐(PONV)等并发症的发生情况。结果与C组比较,S组TOFr恢复至0.9的时间明显缩短[(2.2±0.9)min vs(16.2±3.4)min,P<0.01],拔管时间明显缩短[(12.3±2.0)min vs(33.0±5.1)min,P<0.01],给予肌松拮抗药后5、15 min时S组肌松残余率明显降低(12%vs 100%、0%vs 65%,P<0.01),S组术后首次排气时间明显缩短[(23.4±2.1)h vs(30.5±3.1)h,P<0.01],PONV发生率明显降低[7例(15%)vs 19例(40%),P<0.05]。两组术后首次排便时间差异无统计学意义。结论舒更葡糖钠用于胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者,能更快地逆转罗库溴铵作用下的肌松作用,降低肌松残余发生率,促进患者术后胃肠运动的恢复,减少术后并发症的发生,改善术后肌松恢复质量。