基于机器学习的人工智能技术在耳鼻喉科临床诊疗中的应用进展

人工智能(AI)为计算机科学分支,现已应用于各个领域,其作用得以充分显现。在医学领域,AI正改变着传统的医疗模式,未来必将成为人类医疗发展的方向。机器学习为实现AI技术的重要方法,目前广泛应用于临床数据深度挖掘、影像组学特征分析、疾病预测模型建立等相关领域,在临床诊断、治疗及预后方面起到重要辅助作用。在耳鼻喉科领域,具体有图像分析与分类、语音信号处理、构建各类临床模型等方面以辅助医疗决策,认知与了解基于机器学习的AI技术,并合理应用于临床,才能最大化发挥其作用。鉴于此,本文将简要介绍人工智能的概念及在医学领域的应用现状,重点阐述基于机器学习的AI技术在耳鼻喉科相关疾病临床诊疗中应用进展,为耳鼻喉科医师临床诊疗提供参考。     

3D打印技术在耳鼻喉科住院医师规范化培训中的应用探索

目的 观察3D打印技术在耳鼻喉科住院医师规范化培训中应用的效果,探讨其应用的可行性及有效性。 方法 结合耳鼻喉科住院医师规范化培训教学大纲要求,运用3D打印技术制作仿真模型,应用于规范化培训理论教学中,并在此基础上进行手术指导,完成实践教学。 结果 3D打印模型有助于住院医师形成空间立体概念,短时间内理解并掌握复杂的解剖结构,有效提高其手术技能,缩短培养周期。 结论 3D 打印技术在耳鼻喉科住院医师规范化培训中具有良好的应用前景。     

耳鼻喉科多媒体病历

根据现有多媒体技术发展现状,结合耳鼻喉科临床需要,对自行开发的耳鼻喉科多媒体病历进行了初步应用,效果满意,现报道如下.     

中华中医药学会耳鼻咽喉科分会致各省委员关于发放《中医耳鼻喉科学研究》的通知

《中医耳鼻喉科学研究》自办刊以来,得到分会同仁的大力支持。杂志以报道耳鼻喉科新研究、新技术为宗旨,向全国各地中医耳鼻咽喉科专业教学、科研、医务工作者免费发放。为更好地为基层广大临床医师、科研、教育工作者提供学术交流平台和特色医疗技术,分会决定通过以下几项措施扩大《中医耳鼻喉科学研究》杂志发放工作。     

《中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志》2007年度征订启事

《中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志》是由教育部主管,复旦大学、复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院主办,编委会出版的全国性专业学术期刊。国内统一刊号CN31-l875/R,国际刊号ISSN1671-2420。本刊面向全体眼科、耳鼻喉科医学工作者。宗旨在于促进国内外眼、耳鼻喉科领域内重要科研成果的交流,加快技术与信息的传播,为临床工作者总结经验、提高业务水平提供学术园地。本刊编辑委员会汇集了眼科和耳鼻喉科国内权威专家126人,由耳鼻喉科著名专家王正敏院士和眼科著名专家王文吉教授等领衔主编。本刊除基础研究、临床研究、临床交流、病例报告、综述、调查研究等…     

人工智能技术在喉癌诊疗领域中的应用

喉癌是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，而喉部是人体发声、通气的重要器官，提高喉癌的诊疗水平可显著改善喉癌患者的预后和生活质量。近年，随着科技的发展和各种大型数据库的建立，人工智能技术在喉癌各诊疗领域的研究不断深入，并在辅助图像识别、病理成像诊断、机器人辅助手术、多因素预后预测等方面取得了一定成果。本文就人工智能技术在喉癌的早期筛查、诊断、治疗和预后预测等领域中的研究进展进行综述，探讨目前人工智能技术在喉癌诊疗中的应用局限与不足，并展望其未来的发展方向。     

研究舒适护理在手术室耳鼻喉科的应用效果

目的 研究在耳鼻喉科手术中应用舒适护理模式的效果和价值。方法 回顾性方式纳入我院耳鼻喉科手术2018.7-2021.8内50例患者并分组,其中对照组23例给予常规护理,观察组27例予以舒适护理;观察应用效果。结果 予以舒适护理的观察组,患者术前沟通、心理疏导等护理满意度各指标分值明显较高,两组数据对比,P<0.05。观察组患者并发症发生率仅为3.70%,对照组高达26.08%,两组数据对比,P<0.05。经护理的观察组,患者心理状态较好,舒适度较高且疼痛程度较低,两组数据对比,P<0.05。结论 在耳鼻喉科手术应用舒适护理模式效果显著,可提高患者护理满意度,降低并发症发生率并改善患者预后。     

目标管理模式与护士分层管理相结合的模式在耳鼻喉科应用的效果

目的评价目标管理模式与护士分层管理相结合的模式在耳鼻喉科应用的效果。方法选择2016年10月~2020年8月来我院耳鼻喉科就诊的患者150例为研究对象,按照随机数表法分成两组,对照组采取常规管理模式,观察组接受目标管理结合护士分层管理模式,每组各75例,观察对比两组护理管理质量和治疗效果。结果观察组患者的临床治疗效果明显高于对照组,统计结果P<0.05;观察组的各项护理质量评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。结论在耳鼻喉科护理应用中采取目标管理结合护士分层管理的临床护理价值显著,有利于患者病情尽早痊愈,值得临床推广。     

营造强势合作医疗模式 寻求鼻病连锁专科加盟 精品名牌打造 团队资源共享

河北康灵医药集团(原河北医科大学下属单位)是由河北医科大学常年客座教授赵胜堂为主组建的科、教、医、产为一体的耳鼻喉专科医药集团:下设耳鼻喉科研究所、医药科技有限公司、耳鼻喉医院和《中医耳鼻喉科学研究》编辑部四个法人机构。独立承担国家和省级重大科技项目,现有国家发明专利技术九项,省级     

《中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志》2010年征订启事

《中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志》是由中华人民共和国教育部主管,复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院主办的全国性专业学术期刊。中国标准连续出版物号:ISSN 1671-2420;CN 31-1875/R。邮发代码:4-705,国图代号:BM3642。本刊面向全体眼科、耳鼻喉科医学工作者。宗旨在于促进国内外眼、耳鼻喉科领域内重要科研成果的交流,加快技术与信息的传播,为临床工作者总结经验和提高业务水平提供学术交流园地。本刊编辑委员会汇集了国内外126位眼科和耳鼻喉科权威专家。由耳鼻喉科著名专家     

Practice of pediatric otolaryngology: results of the future of pediatric education II project

OBJECTIVES: To define the practice of pediatric otolaryngology compared with general otolaryngology and to estimate pediatric otolaryngology workforce utilization and needs. METHODS: Survey of members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Otolaryngology and Bronchoesophagology and the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology and of a random sample of the membership of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. RESULTS: Pediatric otolaryngologists were more likely to practice in urban and/or academic settings than were general otolaryngologists. Children (age <18 years) comprised over 88% of the patients of pediatric otolaryngologists and 30% to 35% of the patients of general otolaryngologists. Pediatric otolaryngologists were more likely to see children with complicated diseases such as airway disorders or congenital anomalies than were general otolaryngologists. Pediatric otolaryngologists, unlike general otolaryngologists, reported an increasing volume of pediatric referrals, as well as increased complexity in the patients referred. The surveyed physicians estimated the present number of pediatric otolaryngologists in their communities as approximately 0.2 to 0.3 per 100 000 people. CONCLUSIONS: Most children receiving otolaryngologic care in the United States receive such care from general otolaryngologists. The patient profile and practice setting of the subspecialty of pediatric otolaryngology differ from those of general otolaryngology. The demand for pediatric otolaryngologists appears to be increasing, but many general otolaryngologists do not believe there is an increased need.     

Projected Societal Needs in Pediatric Otolaryngology

With the recent increase in pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training programs, fellows are being trained in record numbers and there is concern about the possibility that the supply of these physicians will soon exceed societal needs. This study was conducted to determine the number of fellowship-trained pediatric otolaryngologists that would meet the needs of society and when this need will be met. Information was collected from national organizations and from a survey of fellowship training programs. A hospital-based practitioner model was used to predict societal needs based on the anticipated changes in patient care, mainly managed-care capitated systems. The projected societal need is 382 pediatric otolaryngologists. If current fellowship training levels continue, this need will be met in just over 7 years.     

Workforce Issues for the Academic Otolaryngologist

Background The current medico‐economic environment has led to profound changes in our health care system and questions of physician surplus. These issues have particularly affected the academic health care system, as research funding and departmental support have decreased, and many young otolaryngologists are questioning academic careers because of these uncertainties. The current study was undertaken to assess the workforce environment for the academic otolaryngologist, particularly the young physician. Methods Surveys were sent to the academic chairmen of all accredited otolaryngology residency programs in the United States, requesting information on faculty appointments—actual and projected—as well as subspecialty appointments and expectations of young faculty. Results The response rate was 60% (59/98). Faculty additions have been relatively stable from 1994 to 1998, with approximately 37 assistant professor and 5 associate professor positions filled yearly. Faculty additions were the result of departmental expansion in 83% of cases and spanned many subspecialties. The subspecialty positions most frequently added from 1994 to 1998 were generalists (57), head and neck oncologists (53), pediatric otolaryngologists (48), and otologists (39), with generalists filling 15 positions in 1998. Ninety‐three percent of programs anticipate faculty additions in the next 5 years; most will be at the assistant professor level (77%), with 30% of positions for generalists, 20% for head and neck oncologists, and 18% for pediatric otolaryngologists. Faculty expectations are primarily clinical, with research being least important. Conclusions Academic positions are available for the young otolaryngologist, particularly in the fields of general otolaryngology, head and neck oncology, and pediatric otolaryngology.     

Telemedicine in otolaryngology.

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine (TM) is the use of advanced information and communication technology to provide health care services. TM in general, and specifically in the field of otolaryngology, has become a reality. Because of the improvements in telecommunications and computer technology, TM applications are becoming more common in both hospitals and private practice. These applications are altering the manner in which otolaryngology is practiced both at the primary care and the specialist level. This study reviews and summarizes the use of TM specifically in otolaryngology, and discusses some of its advantages, barriers, and future. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the current literature pertaining to the use of TM applications in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery was performed. RESULTS: TM applications are being developed and used worldwide in the many fields of otolaryngology. As telecommunication and audio-visual technologies advance, these applications become more exacting and cost effective. CONCLUSION: We encourage the otolaryngologist to understand the technical, legal, ethical, and financial impact of TM on managed care in otolaryngology and to make use of the potential opportunities of TM in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.     

Co może uzyskać otolaryngolog,stosując sztuczne sieci neuronowe?

Artificial neural networks are informatic systems that have unique computational capabilities. The principle of their functioning is based on the rules of data processing in the brain. This article discusses the most important features of the artificial neural networks with reference to their applications in otolaryngology. The cited studies concern the fields of rhinology, audiology, phoniatrics, vestibulology, oncology, sleep apnea and salivary gland diseases. The authors also refer to their own experience with predictive neural models designed in the Department of Otolaryngology of the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow. The applications of artificial neural networks in clinical diagnosis, automated signal interpretation and outcome prediction are presented. Moreover, the article explains how the artificial neural networks work and how the otolaryngologists can use them in their clinical practice and research.     

Nasal bone fractures and the use of radiographic imaging: An otolaryngologist perspective

ObjectiveTo determine radiologic preferences of practicing otolaryngologists regarding isolated nasal bone fractures.Study designAn 8-question survey on isolated nasal bone fractures was designed.SettingSurveys were sent to all otolaryngology residency program directors for distribution among residents and faculty. Additional surveys were distributed to private practice otolaryngology groups.Results140 physicians responded to the survey. 57% of the respondents were practicing otolaryngologists (75% with 10+ years of experience), while 43% of respondents were residents-in-training. 56% of respondents treated 1–5 nasal bone fractures per month. 80% of all respondents reported imaging being performed prior to consultation. If imaging was obtained before consultation, plain films and computed tomography (CT) maxillofacial/sinus scans were the most frequent modalities. 33% of residents and 70% of practicing otolaryngologists report imaging as ‘rarely’ or ‘never’ helpful in guiding management. 42% of residents and 20% of practicing otolaryngologists report asking for imaging when it wasn't already obtained. Decreased use of radiography was associated with greater years in practice and higher frequency of fractures treated.Conclusions and relevanceOtolaryngologists seldom request imaging to evaluate and treat isolated nasal bone fractures. When ordered, imaging is utilized more often among residents-in-training and non-otolaryngology consulting physicians. This study highlights an opportunity to educate primary care and emergency room providers as well as otolaryngology residents on the value of comprehensive physical exam over radiographic imaging in the work-up of isolated nasal fractures. In addition, widespread adoption of a “no x-ray policy” in this setting may result in better resource utilization.     

Xeroradiography and otolaryngology

As a diagnostic tool, a new horizon in otolaryngology has become apparent in the past several years. It is known as xeroradiography and is a convenient technique requiring minimal patient cooperation and enjoying excellent acceptability for both patients and physicians. Speed, efficiency and consistently high image quality make xeroradiography suitable for otolaryngologic applications in the office, as well as in operating and emergency rooms. All tissue densities are represented in a single image, eliminating the need for taking two films of different densities, while radiation exposure is the same. Now popular for use in mammography, the technique is especially useful for detailed studies of the areas of interest to otolaryngologists. Certain inherent disadvantages in the technique are mentioned and guidelines are given to make these disadvantages an acceptable trade-off in actual application.     

Otolaryngology manpower revisited.

In the December issue of the Archives, Nickerson et al published an article on the manpower resources of otolaryngology based on a report released in 1975. The conclusion reached by Nickerson and co-workers was that otolaryngology had a manpower pool too big for present and near future needs. This article was followed by a press release by the American Medical Association that endorsed the statements of the Archives article and in which Nickerson et al were quoted that no more otolaryngologists were needed from the training programs for some years. These statements were in sharp disagreement with the findings of the manpower studies carried out by another group in 1973-1975. Because the two surveys employed different statistical approaches, this article has been written to present the methods employed and to discuss the merits of the conclusions reached in each.