飞行时间质谱仪传输区射频电源的研制

设计了一种新型射频电源,主要由信号发生及放大模块、幅值调节模块、功率驱动模块构成,其结构紧凑、体积小、性能稳定、成本低。此射频电源分为低频和高频两部分,分别用以驱动自制飞行时间质谱仪传输区的两段四极杆,可调频率范围分别为150～900 kHz及1～2 MHz,峰峰值Vp-p可调范围分别为0～100 V和0～1 400 V。配合自制飞行时间质谱仪对实际样品进行测试,可稳定测得m/z 50～1 200范围内的离子,5.0×10-9～5.0×10-5mol/L浓度的样品离子线性良好。     

大气采样辉光放电质谱仪的设计与应用

针对某些弱极性类物质难以通过大气压离子源直接电离的问题,提出基于大气采样辉光放电电离方式实现弱极性物质在大气压下直接进样、电离和质谱分析的方法.通过在大气压接口-四极质谱仪的第一级真空中的离子透镜上施加交流高压产生放电,简化了辉光放电离子源的设计,能直接离子化大气压接口吸人的物质,离子在离子透镜的传输下进入四极杆质量分析器实现质谱分析.实验表明,本方法能电离电喷雾电离离子源和大气压化学电离离子源未能电离的弱极性物质——艾试剂,并且负离子工作模式比正离子工作模式的信号至少强40倍.     

DART-Q-TOF质谱法对左金丸的快速定性分析

运用实时直接分析离子源与四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术,建立了对中成药左金丸中化学成分快速定性分析的方法。左金丸经乙醇超声提取后,置于离子源和质谱处,采用Full MS和Targeted MS/MS扫描方式采集信号,通过对照品与样品一级、二级质谱图以及文献的比对,快速鉴别出左金丸中5种化学成分。该方法可应用于中药复杂体系多成分的快速定性分析。     

双路独立可调离子源用于分子质量的准确测定

研制了一种可移动的大气环境电喷雾离子化源, 用其构建了位置可调的双路离子源, 能分路、同时注入待测样品与标准. 将其与四极杆-飞行时间( Q-TOF)质谱联用进行研究, 证明其能独立、动态调节待测样品和标准的质谱信号或峰高比例, 适于有限样品质量的准确测定, 质量误差一般<2×10^-6, 最大不超过5×10^-6.     

ICP—MS分析技术及干扰问题

1 ICP-MS分析技术介绍 1975年Gray A L成功地从直流等离子体中抽取离子,通过针孔大小的样品孔进入抽成真空的离子导入系统通往四极质谱仪。这就是ICP-MS仪的最初模型,人们很快认识了等离子体作为离子源的优点,ICP-MS近几年得到快速发展,已广泛应用于很多领域,已成为化学分析技术方面的一个热点,具有其他技术不可比拟的优势。 ICP-MS仪器(见图)由等离子体离子源、质谱仪及两者间的接口三部分组成。工作过程是样品由蠕动泵送入雾室,在常压和约7000K高温的ICP通道中被蒸发、原子化和电离,离子在加速电压作用下,经采样锥、截取锥,被加速、聚焦后进入质谱仪,不同质荷比离子选择性地通过四极杆,射到电子倍增器上,输出信号经前置放大器和多道分析器检测,由计算机进行数据处理,给出测定结果。     

双电离源(辉光放电/激光溅射电离)四极杆质谱仪的研制

本研究将辉光电离源与激光溅射电离源巧妙地结合在同一台仪器中,使固体样品在离子源腔体中既能辉光电离,也能激光电离;并且使用同一质量分析器,两种离子源的结果可以相互比对,进而得到更为准确的分析结果.此仪器主要由真空系统、离子源、离子传输系统、四极杆质量分析器及检测与数据采集系统等组成.实验中分别用两种离子源测试了标准样品SRM 1262b,并获得了半定量结果.结果表明,仪器具有定性能力强,分析速度快,检测灵敏度高等优点,对固体样品元素分析的检出限可达μg/g量级.实验表明,激光溅射电离质谱的性能优于辉光放电质谱.     

两种微波等离子体炬质谱测定水中铅的对比研究

建立了一种新型的能够灵敏分析水中痕量铅的质谱方法,以微波等离子体炬(MPT)为离子源,可无需样品预处理而直接分析水样。样品经雾化和去溶后由MPT的中心管道引入等离子体,离子由国产的四极杆质谱仪(Q-MS)检测,得到铅的MPT特征质谱。定量结果表明,该方法的检出限为20 ng/L,线性范围为200~1 000 ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.3%;所得定量指标优于相同条件下商用的线性离子阱质谱(LTQ-MS)测试结果,且四极杆质谱仪上所得的铅离子特征质谱信号更简单、易归属,无需复杂的多级串联质谱加以确认。这种MPT可与国产质谱仪器相结合发展成为一种低成本的现场检测铅的质谱仪器,在环境监控、饮用水检验等方面具有一定的应用价值。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱分析人血中羟基多溴联苯醚

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS-MS)在负离子模式下测定人血中5种羟基多溴联苯醚(HO-PBDEs)的方法.血清样品中加入替代内标13C<,12四溴双酚-A(13C<,12TBBP-A),经萃取、净化、浓缩等预处理过程,多重反应监测(MRM),扫描通道为:m/z 555→4...     

关于JJF1159-2006《四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪校准规范》在实际应用中的建议

JJF 1159-2006<四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪校准规范>2007年3月8日正式实施,成为四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)校准工作的国家计量技术规范.四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪的工作原理较为复杂,主要用于样品中痕量元素的测定.     

电喷雾萃取电离-三重四极杆质谱快速检测PVC医疗器械中残留环己酮的方法研究

环己酮是一种广泛使用在PVC医疗器械生产中的粘接剂, 残留的环己酮会通过输液或介入治疗等过程进入人体而产生潜在危害, 快速检测残留环己酮对PVC医疗器械的质量控制具有重要意义. 结合三重四极杆质谱和电喷雾萃取电离技术, 建成能够对痕量环己酮气体快速检测的电喷雾萃取电离-三重四极杆质谱仪(EESI-MS/MS). 通过对EESI电离源的喷雾电压、载气流速等条件进行优化, 得到最优喷雾电压为3000 V, 最佳载气流速为11.67 L/min, 装置响应时间小于2.5 s, 信号强度的相对标准偏差为4.83%, 仪器的检出限为237.1×10^-9 (V/V). 利用EESI-MS/MS实现了对PVC输液管中残留环己酮的快速检测, 配合串级质谱的子离子扫描功能实现了环己酮的准确定性, 同时计算得到PVC输液管中残留环己酮的浓度为362.6×10^-9 (V/V). 建立的EESI-MS/MS在PVC医疗器械质量控制方面具有重要的应用价值.     

Experimental and Theoretical Optimization of Radio Frequency Hollow Cathode Discharge

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - In this paper, the electron density in radio frequency (RF) hollow cathode discharge (HCD) is investigated in experiments and in simulation based on...     

Numerical Modeling in Radio Frequency Suspension Plasma Spray of Zirconia Powders

A comprehensive model was developed to investigate the suspension spraying for a radio frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasma torch. Firstly, the electromagnetic field is solved with the Maxwell equations and validated by the analytical solutions. Secondly, the plasma field with different power inputs is simulated by solving the governing equations of the fluid flow coupled with the RF heating. Then, the suspension droplets embedded with nano particles are modeled in a Lagrangian manner, considering feeding, collision, heating and evaporation of the suspension droplets, as well as tracking, acceleration, melting and evaporation of the nano or agglomerate particles. The non-continuum effects and the influence of the evaporation on the heat transfer are considered. This particle model predicts the trajectory, velocity, temperature and size of the in-flight nano- or agglomerate particles. The effects of operating conditions and intial inputs on the particle characteristics are investigated. The statistical distributions of multiple particles’ size, velocity, temperature are also discussed for the cases with and without consideration of suspension droplets collision.     

Surface Modification of Vapor-grown Carbon Nanofibers in Radio Frequency Plasma

"Vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) were treated in radio frequency (RF) plasma to activate their surface and thus to improve the compatibility with the matrix in polymer composites. The surface of VGCNFs was modified in atmospheres containing different ratios of O2 and Ar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric measurement shows that when the O2 content in mixture gases was 5%, C-O and O-H functional groups were produced abundantly in the surface of the VGCNFs. When O2 content increased to 8%, most of the surface of carbon fibers was severely oxidized, resulting in defects in structures of the inner layers of VGCNFs."     

Deposition of Super-Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Fluorocarbon Films in Radio Frequency Glow Discharges

Fluorocarbon films using a monomer, 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro–1-dodecene were deposited in a continuous radio frequency (RF) glow discharge, the process was carried out in a parallel-plate RF discharge onto stainless steel reactor in order to produce coating with a water-and oil–repellent surface. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the films obtained contain mainly perfluoromethylene (CF₂) species. Film wettability was tested using water and hydrocarbon liquids for contact angle measurements, furthermore surface energy was also calculated. Oil-repellency was found to increase as the amount of CF₂ species increases in the film structure. Film morphology was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), films showing an usual morphology from that typical of Plasma Polymerised Fluorocarbon (PPFC) films. The combination of the low surface energy coating and the surface morphology produces materials which are both water and oil repellency.     

射频供能辉光放电原子发射光谱分析导体的基本特性

自行设计组装了射频供能辉光放电原子发射光谱仪器(rf-GD-AES),并对其分析导体试样的基本特性(包括光源的稳定性、电学特性和光谱特性)进行了研究。在此基础上建立了rf-GD-AES分析导电试样的方法,并用于铜合金标准样品中的A l和Mn的分析,其测定结果与标准值吻合很好,充分地显示了rf-GD-AES在固体样品直接分析中的潜力。     

A Rapid Freeze‐Quench Setup for Multi‐Frequency EPR Spectroscopy of Enzymatic Reactions

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with the rapid freeze‐quench (RFQ) technique is a well‐established method to trap and characterize intermediates in chemical or enzymatic reactions at the millisecond or even shorter time scales. The method is particularly powerful for mechanistic studies of enzymatic reactions when combined with high‐frequency EPR (ν≥90 GHz), which permits the identification of substrate or protein radical intermediates by their electronic g values. In this work, we describe a new custom‐designed micro‐mix rapid freeze‐quench apparatus, for which reagent volumes for biological samples as small as 20 μL are required. The apparatus was implemented with homemade sample collectors appropriate for 9, 34, and 94 GHz EPR capillaries (4, 2, and 0.87 mm outer diameter, respectively) and the performance was evaluated. We demonstrate the application potential of the RFQ apparatus by following the enzymatic reaction of PpoA, a fungal dioxygenase producing hydro(pero)xylated fatty acids. The larger spectral resolution at 94 GHz allows the discernment of structural changes in the EPR spectra, which are not detectable in the same samples at the standard 9 GHz frequency.     

Tetrachlorosilane Consumption in Radio Frequency Glow Discharge

Time-resolved mass spectrometry was used for analysis of the plasma reactions in radio frequency (RF) SiCl ₄ and SiCl ₄ –O ₂ discharges as functions of starting partial pressure and electrical power. Molecular concentrations of the reactants and products from SiCl ₄ alone and with O ₂ were obtained from the mass spectra and used for plotting the kinetic curves. The SiCl ₄ and O ₂ consumption rates were calculated from the kinetic curves and compared with results of theoretical simulation of the reaction. Direct electron impact decomposition was found to be the main pathway for pure SiCl ₄ conversion. On the contrary, the consumption of SiCl ₄ in the SiCl ₄ +O ₂ mixtures was largely chemical. The experimental macrokinetics are in agreement with a model in which oxidation is caused by the atomic oxygen.     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of the behavior of ions injected into a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer

A numerical simulation method has been developed for the analysis of trapping ions injected into an ion trap mass spectrometer. This method was applied to clarify the effects of the following parameters on trapping efficiencies: (1) initial phase of the radio frequency (RF) drive voltage, (2) ion injection energy, and (3) RF peak voltage while injecting ions. The following conclusions were obtained by theoretical and simulation approaches. 1. The second and third dominant oscillations contribute significantly to the trapping mechanism of the injected ions, even for low q values. 2. A formula relating the operating parameters, which gives the maximum trapping efficiency, is derived. 3. Based on the above-mentioned formula, an advanced injection method is proposed, in which the RF peak voltage is decreased while injecting ions. The ability of this method to solve the problem of unequal sensitivity among different ion species is indicated by numerical simulation. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大气压射频等离子体化学气相沉积TiO2体系的发射光谱诊断

开展了大气压射频(RF)等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)TiO₂放电体系的发射光谱诊断研究, 分别考察了氧气分压、钛酸四异丙酯(TTIP)分压和输入功率对氧原子谱线相对强度、氩原子激发温度、OH振动温度以及转动温度的影响. 结果表明: 随着氧气分压的增加, 氧原子谱线相对强度先迅速增加至峰值后缓慢下降, OH振动温度缓慢增加, 而氩原子激发温度和OH转动温度基本不变. 随着TTIP 分压的增加, 氧原子谱线相对强度下降, 氩原子激发温度没有明显变化, 而OH振动温度和转动温度增加. 随着输入功率的增加, 氧原子谱线相对强度下降, 氩原子激发温度、OH振动温度和转动温度升高.