丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼在人工流产术中的临床应用

目的观察丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在人工流产术中的临床应用疗效。方法选择70例自愿要求终止妊娠的早孕者,随机数分为2组,每组35例。对照组给予丙泊酚麻醉,观察组在其基础上复合瑞芬太尼麻醉,观察对比2组患者术中SBP、HR、RR、SPO2血流动力学变化、麻醉效果及丙泊酚用量、苏醒时间和离院时间。结果 2组术中血流动力学均较术前有所变化,但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组麻醉效果优良率明显高于对照组,较对照组丙泊酚用量明显减少,离院时间明显缩短,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组均无明显恶心、呕吐、嗜睡等不良反应。结论丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉应用于人工流产术中镇痛效果好,安全性高,患者术后恢复快,效果满意。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在人工流产术中的效果观察

目的观察丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在人工流产术中的效果。方法将自愿接受人工流产手术的早期妊娠孕妇80例随机数分为2组,每组40例。对照组缓慢静注丙泊酚丙泊酚2.5 mg/kg,观察组静脉滴注0.5μg/kg的瑞芬太尼后静脉注射1.5 mg/kg的丙泊酚,必要时追加0.5 mg/kg。观察与对比2组麻醉效果、丙泊酚用量、术中低血压及呼吸抑制发生率、术后苏醒时间。结果观察组麻醉效果优良率高于对照组,丙泊酚用量、术中低血压及呼吸抑制发生率均少于对照组,术后苏醒时间短于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉应用于人工流产术,麻醉效果好麻醉效果好,孕妇苏醒时间短,安全性高。     

丙泊酚复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼在小儿外科手术麻醉中的应用

<正>手术时间短的儿外科小手术依靠静脉麻醉就可取得良好效果。但由于患儿对药物的转化和代谢有其自身的特点[1],故要求用药量小、起效快、镇痛效果好、苏醒快及不良反应少的麻醉药物实施麻醉。2016-06—2017-01间,我们将丙泊酚复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼用     

喉罩麻醉采用靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼的临床效果分析

目的应用靶控输注丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼方式对接受手术治疗的患者实施喉罩麻醉的临床效果进行研究。方法将我院收治的88例接受手术治疗的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,分别给予靶控输注丙泊酚方式和靶控输注丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼方式实施喉罩麻醉。结果观察组患者手术麻醉效果明显优于对照组。结论应用靶控输注丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼方式对接受手术治疗的患者实施喉罩麻醉的临床效果非常明显。     

小剂量氯胺酮复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在隆乳术中的应用

目的：观察小剂量氯胺酮复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注用于隆乳术麻醉的效果和意义。方法：40例患者随机分为丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注组（PR组,n=20）和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合氯胺酮组（PR-K组,n=20）。两组诱导起始效应室靶浓度相同,PR-K组于诱导时单次静注氯胺酮0.4mg/kg。观察并比较两组患者麻醉效果及血流动力学变化,记录丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量。结果：两种麻醉方法均取得较满意的麻醉效果;PR-K组较PR组诱导迅速,血流动力学波动小,且丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼诱导用量少。结论：单次静注小剂量氯胺酮诱导可安全用于隆乳术麻醉,兼具良好的麻醉效应和经济效益。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于经阴道取卵术麻醉的药效学

目的评价丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于经阴道取卵术麻醉的临床效果,根据给药时间、剂量和药代动力学模型,用计算机模拟药物浓度,建立并分析药效学模型及其特点。方法静脉麻醉下行经阴道取卵术患者42例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,分别静脉注射瑞芬太尼1.5μg/kg+丙泊酚1.5mg/kg(PR15组,n=24)或瑞芬太尼1.0μg/kg+丙泊酚1.0 mg/kg(PR10组,n=18)。根据患者体动反应和自诉疼痛情况,酌情追加瑞芬太尼0.5μg/kg和/或丙泊酚0.5 mg/kg。麻醉质量评价主要指标包括睫毛反射消失时间、定向力恢复时间、低氧发生率(SpO_292%)及其他不良反应。基于模拟浓度、非线性混合效应模型、采用NONMEM软件建立药效学模型。结果PR15组患者定向力恢复时间明显慢于PR10组[(4.9±1.3)min vs(3.6±1.2)min,P0.05];但两组睫毛反射消失时间[(58±14)s vs(64±13)s]、低氧(12.5%vs 16.7%)和咳嗽(16.7%vs11.1%)发生率差异无统计学意义。50%患者有效镇静的丙泊酚浓度和有效镇痛的瑞芬太尼浓度(EC_(50))分别是1.71μg/ml、2.57ng/ml;95%患者有效镇静的丙泊酚浓度和有效镇痛的瑞芬太尼浓度(EC_(95))分别为4.30μg/ml、4.57ng/ml。丙泊酚1.0 mg/kg产生的峰效应位浓度低于EC_(50),而1.5mg/kg产生的峰效应位则高于EC_(50);但瑞芬太尼1.0、1.5μg/kg产生的峰效应位浓度均高于EC_(50),后者接近EC_(95)。结论基于患者恢复时间,经阴道取卵术麻醉时瑞芬太尼1.0μg/kg复合丙泊酚1.0mg/kg较为合适。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的应用

瑞芬太尼是一种超短效新型阿片类镇痛药,具有药效强、心血管兴奋性小、苏醒快的优点,已广泛应用于临床麻醉,但用于小儿腹腔镜手术麻醉尚鲜有报道。本文于2004--2007年通过两种方法的比较,观察了丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术的麻醉效果,现报告如下。     

丙泊酚瑞芬太尼靶控输注全麻在输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中的应用

目的研究丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注全麻在经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法将80例在全麻下行输尿管镜钬激光碎石手术的患者随机分为两组,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注组(R组)和丙泊酚复合芬太尼组(F组),每组40例。记录麻醉前、麻醉后5 min、10 min和停药后10 min的DBP、SBP、HR、SpO2。记录患者手术时间、苏醒时间、离室时间。结果两组均顺利完成手术,无严重不良反应发生。两组患者在麻醉后5 min、10 min的SBP和DBP较术前下降明显(P0.05)。R组患者苏醒时间和离开手术室时间较F组短(P0.01)。结论丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注全麻应用于输尿管镜钬激光碎石术手术,苏醒迅速,安全有效。     

妇科腹腔镜手术应用丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼静脉全身麻醉与硬膜外麻醉的效果观察

目的比较妇科腹腔镜手术中实施丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼静脉全麻与硬膜外麻醉的效果与安全性。方法将70例行妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组35例实施丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼气管插管静脉麻醉,对照组35例实施连续硬膜外麻醉,对比麻醉效果与麻醉相关并发症。结果观察组麻醉后肌肉松弛度、疼痛反应等麻醉效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组麻醉相关并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论妇科腹腔镜手术中实施丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼静脉插管麻醉效果、安全性均优于连续硬膜外麻醉。     

Remifentanil in general anesthesia

Remifentanil is a potent mu-opioid receptor agonist and has some unique pharmacokinetic characteristics compared with fentanyl. Properties of remifentanil such as rapid onset of action, easy titration of concentration and quick emergence even after a long duration of anesthesia with high doses may produce analgesia strong enough to keep patients free from surgical stresses during general anesthesia. Understanding its pharmacological advantages and some experiences will provide better care for our patients. Analgesia-oriented opioid-based anesthesia with remifentanil will become a new trend that may significantly alter our anesthesia practice.     

靶控输注异丙酚和瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在隆乳手术中的应用

目的：观察异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控静脉全麻（Target controlled infusion,TCI）用于门诊隆乳手术的麻醉效果。方法：ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级门诊隆乳手术患者60例,随机分为异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注组（RP组,n=30）和氯胺酮恒速输注组（K组,n=30）。观察两组患者的术后初醒时间,准确定向时间、离院时间;术中体动程度和次数、术者评价的麻醉效果、呼吸抑制评分和HR、MAP、SpO2及术后并发症的发生情况。结果：两组患者初醒时间、准确定向时间、离院时间有明显差异,RP组明显小于K组（P〈0.05）。麻醉效果评分RP组好于P组（P〈0.05）,且其体动程度评分和次数均低于K组（P〈0.05）,两组间呼吸抑制评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）。RP组术中HR、MAP的变化较K组平稳,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。RP组恶心、呕吐及不良记忆等术后并发症的发生也明显少于K组（P〈0.05）。结论：异丙芬复合瑞芬太尼芬TCI输注用于隆乳手术,镇静、镇痛效果好,循环更稳定,术后恢复快,不良反应少,是门诊隆乳手术理想的麻醉方法。     

绕乳头基底乳晕纵切口结合肿胀麻醉隆乳术

目的：探讨绕乳头基底乳晕纵切口结合肿胀麻醉隆乳术的操作技巧及此方法的优点。方法：对我科39例腋下切口、15例乳房皱襞下切口、27例乳晕下缘弧形切口及35例绕乳头基底乳晕纵切口结合肿胀麻醉的116例隆乳患者的疗效及患者满意度进行比较。结果：采用绕乳头基底乳晕纵切口患者的疗效及满意度最高。结论：绕乳头基底乳晕纵切口结合肿胀麻醉是理想的隆乳术式,手术创伤小,切口隐蔽,易于操作,术后患者恢复快,形态好。     

A sitting position for mammaplasty with general anesthesia

The final cosmetic result achieved by a mammaplasty is judged primarily upon the size, shape, and position the breasts assume with the individual in the erect position. For the past thirty-five years we have used the sitting position for certain mammaplasty procedures. It has proved especially advantageous and indeed mandatory for those mammaplasties in which the new nipple-areolar site has not been determined before operation. When we first used this position, complications were encountered. This finding prompted an analysis of the entire problem and the institution of measures to prevent complications. With time, a simple routine for positioning the patient evolved. Special measures are used to ensure the integrity of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems. The peripheral nerves and peripheral soft tissue structures must be protected. If the proper care is taken, the sitting position for mammaplasty is safe, and it can be of real value to the surgeon.     

雷米芬太尼和丙泊酚在小儿结肠镜检查中的临床应用

为观察雷米芬太尼和丙泊酚在小儿结肠镜检查中的应用,将60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行结肠镜检查的小儿随机分为A、B、C3组,每组20例。A组静脉缓注2mg／kg的丙泊酚;B组静脉缓注雷米芬太尼0．6μg／kg后1min静脉缓注1．8mg／kg的丙泊酚;C组静脉缓注雷米芬太尼0．6μg／kg后1min静脉缓注1．8mg／kg的丙泊酚;分别记录术前、术中、术后2min的血压（BP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SPO2）、麻醉药用量、苏醒时间、检查时间和不良反应。结果显示,各组术前、术中、术后2min的BP、HR、SPO2变化无差异（P〉0．05）。C组丙泊酚用量（68．8±24．3）mg低于B组（92．8±23．1）mg及A组（109．8±43．3）mg（P〈0．05）,术后C组的苏醒时间（2．1±1．3）min少于B组（3．8±2．3）min及A组（12．8±5．6）min（P〈0．05）。结果表明,雷米芬太尼和丙泊酚联合应用,使患儿在结肠镜检查中无痛苦,安全、舒适。     

瑞芬太尼、异丙酚复合小剂量氟哌利多在无痛肠镜检查中的应用

目的:观察瑞芬太尼、异丙酚复合小剂量氟哌利多用于无痛肠镜检查的临床效果和安全性。方法:将110例患者随机分为两组:瑞芬太尼-异丙酚组(R组)和瑞芬太尼-异丙酚-氟哌利多组(D组),每组55例。分别记录术前、睫毛反射消失时、镜检开始后5mi n、10mi n、镜检结束时的MAP、HR、RR、SpO2以及不良反应的发生率。结果:两组患者均顺利完成检查,诱导后两组MAP均有不同程度下降,R组患者下降更明显。D组不良反应的发生率小于R组。结论:瑞芬太尼、异丙酚复合小剂量氟哌利多具有循环稳定,不良反应少的优点,可安全用于无痛肠镜检查。     

History of augmentation mammaplasty

The history of breast augmentation started effectively after World War II. Until then, this surgery was almost irrelevant because the indications were considered very rare and technical possibilities limited. During about two decades after 1945, two types of procedures were proposed. The first ones used autologous tissue especially fat in the form of dermofatty grafts taken from the buttocks. The results were very bad and sometimes disastrous for both techniques. At the beginning of the sixties, under the impulse of the Dow Corning Company, two surgeons: Frank Gerow and Thomas Cronin from Houston (Texas, USA) proposed an implant with a sheath filled with silicone gel. This new prosthesis had an immediate success and the number of breast augmentations growed very quickly. After an optimistic period, it had to be admitted that the results were sometimes deceiving or frankly bad. The breasts were often too firm, sometimes hard and even deformed. Capsular contracture occurred around the implants. During the 70's and 80's both consistency and envelops of the implants were regularly modified. The incision and the positioning were changed. At the end of the 80's, the problem of capsular contracture seemed to be resolved with the implants used, meanwhile a controversy took place about silicone in USA. Some cases of autoimmune diseases were attributed to silicone. In spite of scientific studies that proved the contrary, silicone implants were prohibited in the United States, Canada and temporarily in France.