Novel method for simultaneous measurement of film thickness and mass fraction of urea–water solution

Quantitative knowledge of the film thickness and mass fraction of the urea-water solution is very crucial in many practical applications. Film thickness or mass fraction can only be determined individually by conventional measurement techniques. We develop a novel measurement method to measure the film thickness and mass fraction of ure~water solution simultaneously. The absorption coefficients of urea-water solution （5 50 wt%） are measured, a pair of optimized wavelengths is then chosen to achieve high measurement sensitivity. Cross validation is also performed and uncertainties of the technique are smaller than 0.68% for thickness measurements and 1.86% for mass fractions.     

高电荷态离子束的应用(摘要)

The ECR ion sources have mainly been used until now for injection of cyclotrons and a large number of these sources are presently in operation through the world.Most cyclotrons are used today for nuclear physics researches but an increasing number of these accelerators are now devoted to medical applications.The ECR ion sources have also been extensively used for producing low energy beams for academic researches in atomic and surface physics.These studies led to very encouraging results opening the way to industrial applications. In this talk some of the most promising applications of HCI beams will be reviewed.The development of these applications will require some important improvements of the ECR sources which will be discussed.A special emphasis will be given to the respective roles of ECR and EBIS ion sources in these industrial applications, and some economic and market considerations discussed.     

Application of ^41Ca Tracer and Its AMS Measurement in CIAE

The man-made calcium isotope ^41Ca is an ideal tracer for the study of calcium metabolism. We represent the first application of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement of ^41Ca tracer in China. The technique is being applied to the research field of cell messenger at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CLAE). The sample preparation methods and the AMS measurements are discussed and some interesting results are presented.     

Application and measurement of underwater acoustic reciprocity transfer functions in reverberant sound field

The reciprocity measurement theory in anomalous reverberant sound fields was investigated.An improved method Was proposed due to the interrelated errors.The source volume velocity Was corrected by spatial average of measurement results and evaluation of the reverberant sound field influence on acoustic energy density.The result was validated in underwater experiment,corrected reciprocity measurement results were almost the same as direct measurement results.It indicates that reverberant sound field does not affect the validitv of the principle,but influences the obtainment of source volume velocity,then influences the measurement of transfer functions with the principle.The proposed method is simple and effective in anomalous reverberant sound fields.The study mav be valuable for the applications which are based on the principle.     

加速器质谱方法测量41Ca及其在生物医学中的应用

介绍了用AMS测量41Ca的方法及其在生物医学中的应用,以及中国原子能科学研究院目前开展4 1Ca的AMS测量及其应用研究的情况.Ca(T 1/2 =1.0×10 5 a) as a tracer, confined with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) method and its applications are reviewed. Measurement of 41 Ca with HI-13 tandem AMS system at the China Institute of Atomic Energy is also introduced. The measurement of 41 Ca used for studying mechanism of cancer caused by carcinogenic substances and mechanism of Ca supplement in human body diseases are being developed in collaboration with Department of Occupational Health, Beijing Universit...     

Recent progress in AMS measurement of 182Hf at the CIAE

In order to improve the accuracy of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement for ¹⁸²Hf/¹⁸⁰Hf, a series of measurements have been taken in the AMS laboratory at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The major ones include the instantaneous monitoring of ¹⁸⁰HfF₅^- current, testing the stability of transmission, the alternate measurements of an unknown sample and standard, and the origin identification and minimization of background ¹⁸²W. The experimental details and the improvement in the measurement accuracy, as well as some useful suggestions for better satisfying the requirements of certain practical applications, are presented in this paper.     

Preliminary study of ~(10)Be/~7Be in rainwater from Xi'an by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

The ~(10)Be/~7Be ratio is a sensitive tracer for the study of atmospheric transport, particularly with regard to stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Measurements with high accuracy and efficiency are crucial to ~7Be and ~(10)Be tracer studies. This article describes sample preparation procedures and analytical benchmarks for ~7Be and ~(10)Be measurements at the Xi'an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry(Xi'an-AMS) laboratory for the study of rainwater samples. We describe a sample preparation procedure to fabricate beryllium oxide(Be O) AMS targets that includes co-precipitation, anion exchange column separation and purification. We then provide details for the AMS measurement of ~7Be and ~(10)Be following the sequence BeO~-→Be~(2+)→Be~(4+) in the Xi'an- AMS. The ~(10)Be/~7Be ratio of rainwater collected in Xi'an is shown to be about 1.3 at the time of rainfall. The virtue of the method described here is that both ~7Be and ~(10)Be are measured in the same sample, and it is suitable for routine analysis of large numbers of rainwater samples by AMS.     

A new phase-shifted long-period fiber grating for simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature

A novel phase-shifted long-period fiber grating(PS-LPFG)for the simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature is described and experimentally demonstrated.The PS-LPFG is fabricated by inserting a pretwisted structure into the long-period fiber grating(LPFG)written in single-mode fiber(SMF).Experimental results show that the torsion sensitivities of the two dips are?0.114 nm/(rad/m)and?0.069 nm/(rad/m)in the clockwise direction,and?0.087 nm/(rad/m)and?0.048 nm/(rad/m)in the counterclockwise direction,respectively.The temperature sensitivities of the two dips are 0.057 nm/℃ and 0.051 nm/℃,respectively.The two dips of the PS-LPFG exhibit different responses to torsion and temperature.Simultaneous measurement of torsion and temperature can be implemented using a sensor.The feasibility and stabilization of simultaneous torsion and temperature measurement have been confirmed,and hence this novel PS-LPFG demonstrates potential for fiber sensing and engineering applications.     

Research on error compensation method for dual-beam measurement of roll angle based on rhombic prism （Invited Paper）

The fabrication deviation of prisms and the error crosstalk are two major factors that produce serious systematic errors in dual-beam roll measurement based on a rhombic prism, and an error compensation method is put forward in this letter to reduce these systematic errors. The rotation matrix, reflection matrix, and refraction matrix are used to calculate and obtain the mathematical relationship model of the roll angle as well as the fabrication deviation of prism and error crosstalk. The fabrication deviation can be obtained through comparison experiments and using the least square method. In this way, the systematic error of the roll measurement caused by fabrication deviation of prism and error crosstalk can be eliminated theoretically. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the roll angle measurement reduces evidently to 3.5′′ from the previous 347.2′′ after compensation.     

ON VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF A PIEZOELECTRIC BODY

The consonance of state variables of a piezoelectric body is explored and four variational princi-ples of a piezoelectric body are systematically proposed.The Lagrangian function of each of theseprinciples is the difference between a corresponding thermodynamic function and the kinetic energy.These principles correspond to different physical conditions and are to be used in different problems.Their applications are discussed.     

~(36)Cl的加速器质谱测量及其应用

长寿命核素36Cl的半衰期为3.01×105a,广泛分布于自然界中。加速器质谱是目前测量36Cl的最灵敏的方法。介绍了36Cl的样品制备及加速器质谱测量方法,重点描述了基于小型化加速器质谱发展起来的测量36Cl的探测方法及其特点,综述了各实验室利用36Cl在相关领域开展的工作及所取得的成果。     

加速器质谱法测量41Ca及其应用研究

Ca在自然界中含量丰富，其长寿命放射性同位素^41Ca不仅是理想的生物医学示踪剂，同时在地质年代的测定、环境科学和核天体物理的实验研究等方面都有着非常重要的作用．加速器质谱法目前是测量^41Ca的理想方法．文章介绍了用加速器质谱测量^41Ca的方法，介绍了目前的国际研究现状和潜在的应用研究领域以及中国原子能科学研究院在加速器质谱测量^41Ca方面的研究情况。     

加速器质谱及其小型化技术

加速器质谱(AMS)是迄今测量长寿命放射性核素灵敏度最高的分析技术,在考古、地质、环境、物理等领域得到了较为广泛的应用.随着技术的不断改进,AMS装置亦朝着小型化方向发展,并也得到了很好应用.对AMS所具有的长寿命放射性核素高灵敏分析能力的关键技术进行了综合论述,并针对小型化AMS系统所采用的特色技术进行了系统介绍.最...     

加速器质谱在核科学研究中的应用进展

加速器质谱(AMS) 由于其极高的测量灵敏度而广泛应用于核科学、生命科学、地球科学、环境科学和考古学等研究领域,同时,AMS还可以用来分析样品中的微量核素,是核科学领域的重要研究工具。目前,AMS研究的最新领域是U和Pu 等锕系元素的测量,在核保障、核监测及核试验沉降物示踪大气输运和表面沉积物的迁移等研究中也显示出了较大潜力。综述了AMS在核科学研究中的应用及研究现状,主要包括AMS在放射性核素半衰期的测定、核反应截面的测量等方面的研究进展。Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a promising method to provide extreme sensitivity measurements of the production yields of long-lived radioisotopes, which cannot be detected by other methods. AMS technique plays an important role in the research of nuclear physics, as well as the application field of AMS covered nuclear science and technology, life science, earth science, environmental science, archaeology etc. The newest AMS field is that of actinide, particularly U and Pu, isotopic assay with expanding applications in nuclear safeguards and monitoring, and as a modern bomb-fallout tracer for atmospheric transport and surface sediment movement. This paper reviews the applications of AMS in the research of nuclear energy and nuclear security including the research of half life of radionuclides, cross section of nuclear reaction.     

宇生核素 10Be、 7Be、 22Na大气示踪概述

大气宇宙成因核素 10Be、 7Be、 22Na作为平流层、对流层之间物质交换(STE)动力学过程的敏感示踪剂,对于全球气候变化、大气环境治理等研究具有非常重要的意义。介绍了这几种核素应用于STE的国际研究现状以及面临的困难,概述了加速器质谱法(AMS)在此方面具备的优势和研究基础,基于天津大学的小型低能量AMS系统和已建立的 10Be测量方法,对AMS测量 7Be、 22Na所面临的关键技术做了可行性分析与探索。     

AMS测量中同量异位素的鉴别方法

在加速器质谱测量中,存在同位素和同量异位素的干扰.排除同位素的干扰是开展超微量核素分析的重要课题之一.主要介绍了加速器质谱测量中同量异位素的几种鉴别、排除方法,以及这些方法的原理、发展及应用. There are interference of isotopes and isobars in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements. Eliminating the isobaric interference is the important aspect in AMS measurements. Several methods of isobaric identification in AMS measurements are discussed in this paper. Principles, developments and applications of these methods are also introduced.     

小型加速器质谱系统研制及分析技术研究

加速器质谱(AMS)是测量长寿命放射性核素灵敏度最高的分析技术,在环境、地质、考古、物理等领域有着广泛应用。近年来，AMS装置的小型化在国际上得到了很大发展。为了研发小型化AMS装置及其分析技术，中国原子能科学研究院分别自主研制了加速电压为0.2 MV的单极型AMS装置和端电压为0.3 MV的串列型AMS装置。基于研制的单极型AMS装置，成功开展了14C的高效传输和本底排除技术研究，实现了14C的高灵敏测定，14C/12C的测量灵敏度达到2×10–15；利用研制的串列型AMS装置，开展了低能量下129I的气体剥离条件、本底排除和探测方法研究，建立了129I的高效传输和高灵敏测量方法，129I/127I的测量灵敏度为1×10–14。这是国内首次研制成功小型AMS装置，为AMS国产化奠定基础。     

New developments in design and applications for pelletron accelerators

Most of the developments over the last several years related to Pelletron accelerator are in the field of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and other low beam current applications with the exception of a very high DC electron recirculation Pelletron. High precision AMS systems based on tandem Pelletrons from 500 kV to 5 MV terminal potential are now in use for routine high precision AMS measurements. Their performance will be reported. In addition, there has been significant advancement in the design of the multi-cathode SNICS source for the use of both gas and solid samples within a single source. The latest performance of these sources will be discussed. New diagnostics is being developed for very low beam currents. The latest design of the low current beam profile monitor (LCBPM) will also be presented.     

Improved photovoltaic effects in Mn-doped BiFeO_3 ferroelectric thin films through band gap engineering

As a low-bandgap ferroelectric material, BiFeO_3 has gained wide attention for the potential photovoltaic applications,since its photovoltaic effect in visible light range was reported in 2009. In the present work, Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3thin films are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition method, and the effects of Mn doping on the microstructure, optical, leakage,ferroelectric and photovoltaic characteristics of Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin films are systematically investigated. The x-ray diffraction data indicate that Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin films each have a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure. From the light absorption results, it follows that the band gap of Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin films can be tuned by doping different amounts of Mn content. More importantly, photovoltaic measurement demonstrates that the short-circuit photocurrent density and the open-circuit voltage can both be remarkably improved through doping an appropriate amount of Mn content, leading to the fascinating fact that the maximum power output of ITO/BiFe_(0.7)Mn_(0.3)O_3/Nb-STO capacitor is about 175 times higher than that of ITO/BiFeO_3/Nb-STO capacitor. The improvement of photovoltaic response in Bi(Fe, Mn)O_3 thin film can be reasonably explained as being due to absorbing more visible light through bandgap engineering and maintaining the ferroelectric property at the same time.