腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效。方法对2010年5月至2013年5月期间笔者所在医院科室收治的32例成人完全性直肠脱垂患者行腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术,总结手术疗效。结果32例患者的手术过程均顺利,无一例中转开腹手术。平均手术时间为114．7min（95～167min）,平均术中出血量为80mL（55～150mL）,术后平均住院时间为9．8d（6～14d）,均全部治愈出院。术后32例患者获访3个月～4年（平均25．6个月）,均无脱垂症状,肛门功能恢复良好,无术后并发症及复发。结论腹腔镜下直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效良好,具有创伤小、恢复快、复发率低等优点,是一种具有较高临床应用价值的术式。     

腹腔镜辅助直肠及乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗完全性直肠脱垂

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠及乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗完全性直肠脱垂的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2012年1月至2014年1月为23例完全直肠脱垂患者行腹腔镜辅助直肠、乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术的临床资料。结果:手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹。手术时间105~165 min,平均(132.6±14.2)min;术中出血量20~50 ml,平均(34.5±12.4)ml。术后2例发生尿潴留,余均恢复顺利,无吻合口漏、肠梗阻等严重并发症发生。术后24 h疼痛评分2~5分,平均(3.32±0.85)分;排气时间1~4 d,平均(2.43±0.90)d;住院6~10 d,平均(7.8±2.45)d。术后肛管直肠测压肛门内外括约肌静息状态及力排状态下压力均明显降低。随访12~36个月,无一例复发,患者排便功能良好,无尿潴留、性功能障碍等并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜辅助直肠、乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗完全性直肠脱垂安全、有效,具有患者创伤小、康复快、外观好等优点,可明显改善患者的临床症状,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜直肠悬吊术治疗复发性直肠脱垂13例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠悬吊术治疗复发性直肠脱垂的疗效。方法对13例复发性直肠脱垂行腹腔镜直肠悬吊,重建盆底,肛门环缩治疗。结果 13例腹腔镜直肠悬吊手术均获成功。手术时间2～4h,平均2.5h。术中无大出血、副损伤,术后无肠瘘、感染等并发症。术后住院3～6d,平均4d。13例随访6～24个月,平均13个月,无腹泻、便秘及排便不畅,排便控制功能正常,均无复发。结论对复发性直肠脱垂行腹腔镜手术,可针对性地消除复发因素,疗效确切,手术安全可靠,并发症少。     

腹直肠前鞘条直肠骶骨悬吊固定术治疗直肠脱垂36例

直肠脱垂的外科治疗方法较多 ,但都有一定的复发率 ,据报道 ,其复发率为 3%～ 70 % [1] 。我们1 990年 7月至 2 0 0 1年 3月间采用腹直肌前鞘条悬吊固定术治疗直肠脱垂共 36例 ,效果良好 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料 :本组共 36例 ,男 1 5例 ,女 2 1例 ,年龄 2 8～ 70岁 ,平均 5 6.5岁。诱因 :因长期便秘所致者 9例 ,慢性腹泻 7例 ,慢性咳嗽 6例 ,前列腺良性增生症致排尿不畅 2例 ,原因不明者 1 2例。病程小于 1年者 2例 ,2～ 5年 9例 ,6～ 1 0年 1 6例 ,>1 0年 9例 ,均为完全性直肠脱垂 ,其中 度脱垂1 3例 , 度脱垂 2 3例 ;临…     

功能性直肠悬吊术：改良Orr‘s直肠悬吊术治疗直肠内脱垂

本文报道３１例经排粪造影诊断的直肠内脱垂行经腹改良Ｏｒｒ＇ｓ直肠悬吊术的结果，其中１６例合并会阴下降综合征，３例合并有内容物的盆底疝，３例结肠通过延迟。２０例附加乙状结肠切除、３例附加结肠次全切除、２２例附加子宫前倾位固定、８例附加直肠前突修补术。     

直肠悬吊固定和肛提肌折叠术治疗完全性直肠脱垂30例

目的探讨一种有效治疗完全性直肠脱垂伴随肛门失禁的外科治疗方法。方法2000年1月至2009年12月，30例完全性直肠脱垂伴发肛门失禁患者入院后进行肛门指诊、肛门测压（最大静息压MRP和最大收缩压MSP）和排粪造影的评估，30例均进行了直肠悬吊固定和肛提肌折叠术。观察术中的手术时间、出血量、并发症、复发情况及手术前后肛门测压值的变化。结果30例患者手术均顺利完成，平均手术时间65．5（60～90）min，出血量75（60—100）ml，本组无手术死亡发生，但术后1例切口感染，2例尿潴留，并发症发生率为10％。29例大便失禁改善，术后3个月所有患者MRP和MSP均改善，术前及术后MRP分别为2-30（26．6±2．40）mmHg和2～60（32．5±2．23）mmHg（Ｐ＝0．007），MSP术前及术后分别为8-152（69．3±6．50）mmHg和35～158（79．5±4．18）mmHg（P=0．001）。平均随访69个月，效果满意，均无复发。结论直肠悬吊固定和肛提肌折叠术不仅治愈了直肠脱垂而且改善了大便失禁，此术式安全有效。     

腹腔镜直肠悬吊术在完全性直肠脱垂中的个体化应用及体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗完全性直肠脱垂的术式选择及临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2015年6月至2019年12月为16例完全性直肠脱垂患者行腹腔镜直肠悬吊术及联合其他术式治疗的临床资料,其中5例单纯行腹腔镜直肠悬吊术,6例行腹腔镜直肠悬吊+冗长结肠切除术,3例行腹腔镜直肠悬吊+吻合器痔上黏膜环切术,2例行腹腔镜直肠悬吊+冗长...     

腹腔镜腹直肌悬吊固定术治疗子宫脱垂效果观察

目的观察腹腔镜腹直肌悬吊固定术治疗子宫脱垂的效果。方法回顾性分析接受腹腔镜腹直肌悬吊固定术治疗的32例子宫脱垂患者的临床资料。结果32例患者均成功完成手术。手术时间(43.56±6.20)min,术中出血量(45.20±6.54)mL,住院时间(5.35±0.52)d。术后随访6~8个月,其间3例患者出现腹壁牵涉不适感或频有尿意感,3个月后症状自行消失。其余患者的临床症状均明显缓解或消失。末次随访无1例复发,治愈23例、好转9例,总有效率为100.00%。结论腹腔镜腹直肌悬吊固定术治疗子宫脱垂,创伤小、复发率低,近期治疗效果确切。     

腹腔镜辅助下盆底腹膜带直肠悬吊术治疗儿童完全性直肠脱垂

目的探讨腹腔镜腹膜带直肠悬吊术治疗儿童完全性直肠脱垂的可行性及临床效果。方法2004年8月～2008年10月,对6例完全性直肠脱垂（年龄2～6岁,平均3.5岁）,在腹腔镜下利用直肠周围盆腔增厚松弛的腹膜,切取成两条＂L＂形带蒂腹膜条,折叠缝合固定于游离的直肠两侧壁,然后缝合在骶骨岬前的筋膜上悬吊直肠,最后将盆腔腹膜切缘缝合于直肠前壁包埋腹膜带并紧缩盆底。结果6例手术均获成功。手术时间95～210min,（120±24）min。术中出血〈10ml。术后随访6～54个月,平均28个月,均无脱垂复发,排便功能正常。结论腹腔镜下腹膜带直肠悬吊术治疗儿童完全性直肠脱垂效果良好,具有创伤小、恢复快、复发率低等优点,是一种具有较高临床应用价值的新术式。     

Stapled laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse

The widespread success of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has led to the development of a wide range of laparoscopic surgical procedures. Procedures for treating rectal prolapse (Procidentia) may constitute some of the best applications for colorectal laparoscopic techniques. A technique of laparoscopic rectopexy performed using the endo-stapler is described. Twenty-nine consecutive patients have undergone laparoscopic rectopexy. The median age was 71 years (52–89), and male:female ratio was 27:2. One procedure had to be converted to open due to ventilatory difficulties. The mean operative time was 95 minutes (50–190). The mean hospital stay was 5 days (4–15). There was no mortality in this series. Morbidity included incisional hernia through a port hole (n=1), extraperitoneal haematoma (n=1), and urinary tract infection with retention (n=1). In conclusion, laparoscopic abdominal rectopexy is a safe and effective technique in the management of rectal prolapse.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Nashville, TN, 18–19 April 1994     

经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术在成人完全性直肠脱垂治疗中的应用

目的 探讨经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效.方法 对11例接受经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗的成人完全性直肠脱垂（Ⅱ～Ⅲ度）患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组11例患者手术顺利,手术时间1.8～2.6 h.术中出血50～300 ml.术后除1例患者出现尿潴留外,其余均未出现并发症.全组患者均一期愈合,平均住院时间14.5 d.术后经1～3年的随访,未出现直肠再次脱垂,肛门功能恢复良好,排粪通畅.结论 经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂操作简便、并发症少、复发率低,是一种安全有效的方法.     

Laparoscopic rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of laparoscopic rectopexy and its effect on anorectal function investigations. Methods: Twelve patients with complete rectal prolapse without constipation underwent laparoscopic rectopexy. Pre- and postoperative evaluation included scoring of incontinence, anorectal manometry, and anal endosonography. Results: No recurrences of rectal prolapse were seen (median follow-up 19 months). Continence improved in eight of nine preoperatively incontinent patients. Two patients had mild constipation after surgery. Median maximum basal pressure measured by anorectal manometry increased from 20 to 25 mmHg (p=0.005) and the rectoanal inhibitory reflex improved in seven patients (p=0.03). Rectal sensitivity did not change significantly. Endosonography showed asymmetry and thickening of the internal anal sphincter and submucosa preoperatively. After surgery the maximum internal anal sphincter thickness decreased from 3.0 mm to 2.6 mm (p=0.02). Conclusions: Laparoscopic rectopexy improved continence in our patients. Anorectal function tests show a partial recovery of the internal anal sphincter. Laparoscopic rectopexy combines the low morbidity of minimal invasive surgery with the good outcome of abdominal rectopexy.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, Florida, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

直肠内脱垂的手术疗效分析

目的评价分析直肠内脱垂的手术治疗效果。方法通过对 6 2例直肠内脱垂手术治疗患者的病史回顾和信访调查 ,分析手术疗效和伴随症状的改善情况。结果直肠内脱垂手术有效率为 73% ,其中排便困难、肛门坠胀、便不尽感、手法协助排便及服用泻剂维持排便的有效率分别为77%、80 %、71%、86 %和 97%。结论直肠内脱垂必须经过严格的非手术治疗确认无效后 ,方可考虑外科治疗 ,应严格掌握手术适应证。     

Laparoscopic suture rectopexy in the treatment of persisting rectal prolapse in children

Background The repair of choice for persistent rectal prolapse (PRP) in children is disputed. Laparoscopic suture rectopexy (LSRP) is effective in adults, but its usefulness in pediatric PRP is unknown. We compared LSRP with posterosagittal rectopexy (PSRP). Methods Sixteen children, with a median age of 6.5 years (range, 0.8–16.8) and duration of symptoms of 2.8 years (range, 0.5–10.2), underwent surgery for PRP. Eight (1991–2000) had PSRP, and eight (2002–2005) had LSRP. Three patients with LSRP were healthy; the others had mental retardation and epilepsy (n = 1), cerebral palsy (n = 1), Aspeger’s syndrome (n = 1), meningomyelocele (n = 1), and bladder extrophy (n = 1). Preoperative cologram (n = 6), sigmoideoscopy (n = 3), and anorectal manometry (n = 2) were normal in patients with LSRP. In LSRP, the rectum was mobilized and sutured to the sacral periosteum. Results Median operation time for LSRP was 80 min (range, 62–90) and for PSRP 40 min (range, 25–70) (p < 0.05); median hospital time was 6 days (range, 3–8) for LSRP and 6 days (range, 3–9) for PSRP (not significant). Six patients with LSRP had a median follow-up of 13 months (range, 4–24). None have had recurrences, and two patients (33%) require laxatives. Of the patients with PSRP, two (25%) had recurrence and underwent abdominal rectopexy with sigmoid resection. Conclusion Medium-term results indicate that LSPR is effective in pediatric PRP. Constipation is the only postoperative problem in a significant proportion of patients.     

Functional results after laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse

We investigated the functional results after laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse in 29 patients at least 12 months postoperatively. Twenty patients were evaluated completely pre- and postoperatively (median 22 months postoperatively, range 12 to 54 months). Six patients were interviewed by telephone, two patients were lost to follow-up, and one patient died of causes unrelated to rectal prolapse. Patients underwent a proctologic examination, anoscopy, rigid sigmoidoscopy, fluoroscopic defecography, and anorectal manometry pre- and postoperatively, and an additional standardized interview postoperatively. Anorectal manometry showed a significant increase in maximum anal resting and squeeze pressures postoperatively (resting pressure 72 ±8 vs. 95 ±13 mm Hg, pre- vs. postoperatively; P = 0.046; squeeze pressure 105 ±17 vs. 142 ±19 mm Hg, pre- vs. postoperatively; P = 0.035), and continence improved postoperatively (Wexner incontinence score 6.0 ±1.0 vs. 3.9 ± 0.8 pre- vs. postoperatively, P = 0.02). Twenty (77%) of 26 patients were satisfied with the operative result, but functional morbidity was observed in four patients, with two patients complaining of severe evacuation problems. Rectal prolapse recurred in one patient 42 months postoperatively (recurrence rate 1 [3.8%] of 26 patients). Functional results were very similar to those obtained after open rectopexy, with symptoms of prolapse and incontinence improved in the great majority of patients. Presented at the Fortieth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Orlando, Fla., May 16–19, 1999.     

Resection rectopexy for rectal prolapse

Background: Resection rectopexy through open laparotomy is an established procedure for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Methods: Resection rectopexy was successfully performed in 10 multiparous women by the laparoscopic approach (LAP), and the results were compared to those of eight women with laparotomy resection rectopexy (OPEN). Preoperative and postoperative assessment included anorectal manometry, defecography, and measurement of large-bowel transit. Results: The duration of the operation was longer in the LAP than in the OPEN group (p < 0.01). Morbidity was lower (p < 0.01) and hospital stay was shorter (p < 0.001) after the LAP than in the OPEN group. Prolapse was cured in all cases. Postoperatively, anal resting and squeeze pressures and rectal compliance increased significantly in both groups of patients (p= 0.007, p= 0.003, and p < 0.001, respectively). In all patients, the operation resulted in acceleration of large-bowel transit (p < 0.001) and in more obtuse anorectal angles at rest (p= 0.007). In addition, sampling events were observed more commonly (p= 0.008) postoperatively. Preoperatively, incontinence was present in 13 patients (seven LAP and six OPEN) and persisted in four of them after rectopexy (two LAP and two OPEN). Conclusions: Resection rectopexy for rectal prolapse can be performed safely via the laparoscopic route. Recovery is uneventful and of shorter duration after the laparoscopic than after the open approach. Similarly satisfactory functional results are obtained with both procedures. Received: 16 February 1998/Accepted: 2 September 1998     

Long-term outcome after laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal prolapse

Background Laparoscopic repair (LR) of rectal prolapse is potentially associated with earlier recovery and lower perioperative morbidity, as compared with open transabdominal repair (OR). Data on the long-term recurrence rate and functional outcome are limited. Methods Perioperative data on rectal prolapse in relation to all LRs performed between December 1991 and April 2004 were prospectively collected. The LR patients were matched by age, gender, and procedure type with OR patients who underwent surgery during the same period. Patients with previous complex abdominal surgery or a body mass index exceeding 40 were excluded from the study. Data on recurrence rate, bowel habits, continence, and satisfaction scores were collected using a telephone survey. Results A total of 111 patients (age, 56.8 ± 18.1 years; female, 87%) underwent attempted LR. An operative complication deferred repair in two cases. Among the 111 patients, 42 had posterior mesh fixation, and 67 had sutured rectopexy (32 patients with sigmoid colectomy for constipation). Eight patients (7.2%) had conversion to laparotomy. Matching was established for 86 patients. The LR patients had a shorter hospital stay (mean, 3.9 vs 6.0 days; p < 0.0001). The 30-day reoperation and readmission rates were similar for the two groups. The rates for recurrence requiring surgery were 9.3% for LR and 4.7% for OR (p = 0.39) during a mean follow-up period of 59 months. An additional seven patients in each group reported possible recurrence by telephone. Postoperatively, 35% of the LR patients and 53% of the OR patients experienced constipation (p = 0.09). Constipation was improved in 74% of the LR patients and 54% of the OR patients, and worsened, respectively, in 3% and 17% (p = 0.037). The postoperative incontinence rates were 30% for LR and 33% for OR (p = 0.83). Continence was improved in 48% of the LR patients and 35% of the OR patients, and worsened, respectively, in 9% and 18% (p = 0.22). The mean satisfaction rates for surgery (on a scale of 0 to10) were 7.3 for the LR patients and 8.1 for the OR patients (p = 0.17). Conclusions The hospital stay is shorter for LR than for OR. Both functional results and recurrent full-thickness rectal prolapse were similar for LR and OR during a mean follow-up period of 5 years.     

腹腔镜直肠癌外科临床诊治中的问题与对策

腹腔镜直肠癌手术以其创伤小,患者术后恢复快等优势,逐渐成为结直肠外科手术的主要方式。然而,腹腔镜直肠癌手术的规范化过程中也面临着一系列问题。临床医师除了掌握规范的手术技巧外,更重要的是要掌握直肠癌诊治中涉及的一系列重要问题,首先是重视术前肿瘤的临床分期;其次要重视直肠系膜的解剖学概念,了解直肠癌相关的神经保护,功能保留;第三要熟悉直肠癌根治中的基本概念;第四要重视直肠癌外科手术领域的观念更新;最后要注重开放手术技能的训练。临床医师应该站在医学的最前沿,跟上医学发展的脚步,用最先进的理念,精湛的技艺,完美的治疗,为直肠癌患者提供高水准的医疗照顾。