芳纶阻燃粘胶玻璃纤维包芯纱的开发

探讨芳纶阻燃粘胶玻璃纤维包芯纱的纺纱工艺。针对芳纶纤维、阻燃粘胶、玻璃纤维的物理性能和可纺性差异较大的特点,对芳纶纤维进行预处理、阻燃粘胶进行预开松,开清棉工序采用"多松少打,充分混和、重加压"的工艺原则;梳棉工序采用"紧隔距、慢速度、大速比、轻定量"的工艺原则,确保纤维充分梳理和正常转移,减少棉结产生;细纱须在玻璃纤维长丝上预加一定张力,粗纱须条与长丝位置保持一致,防止长丝断头产生无芯纱。通过各纺纱工序工艺参数优化及技术措施的实施,保证了包芯纱的顺利生产。     

芳纶阻燃粘胶玻璃纤维包芯纱的开发

探讨芳纶/阻燃粘胶/玻璃纤维包芯纱的纺纱工艺。针对芳纶纤维、阻燃粘胶、玻璃纤维的物理性能和可纺性差异较大的特点,对芳纶纤维进行预处理,阻燃粘胶进行预开松,清花工序采用"多松少打,充分混合、重加压"的工艺原则;梳棉工序采用"紧隔距、慢速度、大速比、轻定量"的工艺原则,确保纤维充分梳理和正常转移,减少棉结产生;细纱要给玻璃长丝预加一定张力,粗纱须条要与长丝位置保持一致,防止长丝断头产生无芯纱。通过各纺纱工序工艺参数优化及技术措施的实施,保证包芯纱的顺利生产。     

芳纶/阻燃粘胶/阻燃锦纶混纺织物制备及其性能

为获得长效阻燃、高强、耐磨且服用性能好的织物,将芳纶1414、阻燃粘胶与阻燃锦纶3种本质阻燃纤维混纺织造,探讨了混纺比、纱线捻度、织物组织结构和黏合剂种类对纱线及其织物力学性能、阻燃性能和色牢度的影响。结果表明：芳纶1414/阻燃粘胶/阻燃锦纶(30/45/25)混纺纱线同时具备优异的力学性能和阻燃性能,阻燃锦纶的加入使三元混纺纱线断裂强度相比芳纶/阻燃粘胶二元混纺纱线提升56%,耐磨次数提升58%,其纱线的力学性能随着捻度增加先增强后降低,峰值捻度为680捻/m;织物采用斜纹组织结构时,其阻燃性能和力学性能优于平纹和缎纹组织;采用非离子型丙烯酸酯共聚物G-BD作为印花浆料黏合剂,可使得到的高强耐磨阻燃织物水洗20次后变色牢度级数仍保持在2级以上。     

新型防护服水刺隔热层材料的性能研究

为开发性价比高的防护服隔热层材料,采用水刺工艺制备不同耐高温纤维质量配比的非织造隔热层材料,分析芳砜纶、芳纶1313、芳纶1414不同混纺比隔热层的力学、透气、热稳定、阻燃及热防护性能。结果表明:随着芳砜纶含量的增加,隔热层的阻燃、热稳定性能提高,但力学性能下降;隔热层中芳砜纶/芳纶1313/芳纶1414的质量配比为40/40/20时,性价比最高。     

美国格林维尔国际纺织机械展览会纺部展品简介

在这次格林维尔展览会上展出的开清棉机械有:西德特马法公司的几种加工长纤维的开松混和机;西德因果耳斯塔特的混棉抓包机;西德特吕次施勒尔公司的一套小批量化纤开松混和设备。后者还展出便于改变品种的清钢联接装置,它由两套开清棉机组从两端喂入同一组梳棉机的输棉管,在运转时可按需要选择原料。     

芳纶/阻燃粘胶/导电纤维混纺纱的开发

介绍了芳纶/阻燃粘胶/导电纤维混纺纱的生产工艺流程和工艺特点.芳纶纤维具有良好的阻燃性能及较高的强度,采用芳纶纤维、阻燃粘胶以及导电纤维混纺,可利用该混纺纱开发阻燃抗静电复合功能织物.芳纶和阻燃粘胶纤维采用包混制条,然后与导电纤维条进行条混.介绍了芳纶/阻燃粘胶/导电纤维在纺纱生产中各工序的主要工艺参数、技术措施以及应注意的问题.     

三种阻燃耐高温纤维的吸湿性能分析

为了解阻燃耐高温纤维芳纶1313、芳纶1414和芳砜纶的吸湿性能,在标准大气条件下,测定了这三种纤维的吸放湿性能,并利用Origin软件对试验数据进行拟合分析,绘制了吸放湿曲线及速率曲线。结果表明:三种阻燃耐高温纤维的吸湿能力依次为:芳纶1313芳砜纶芳纶1414;芳纶1313和芳砜纶纤维吸湿规律基本一致,略好于芳纶1414纤维;随着时间的延长,三种阻燃耐高温纤维的放湿速率均呈指数形式衰减。认为:芳纶1313和芳砜纶纤维的吸湿性稍优于芳纶1414纤维。     

粘胶改性粘胶铜离子改性腈纶混纺纱的生产

探讨粘胶纤维/改性粘胶纤维/铜离子改性腈纶纤维集聚赛络纺混纺纱的生产工艺。介绍了粘胶、改性粘胶、铜离子改性腈纶纤维的性能特点。根据各组分纤维的性能特征及混纺比例,采用先按比例在园盘抓棉机上排包、开松混和,再打包的原料混和方法,以确保各组份纤维有效混和,合理配置各工序的工艺参数及采取必要的技术措施,纺制出粘胶/改性粘胶纤维/铜离子改性腈纶纤维64/30/6 13.1tex集聚赛络纺混纺纱。认为:所采取的工艺技术措施可行,纺纱质量水平较好,能满足使用要求。     

芳纶水刺非织造布的生产工艺技术探讨

以芳纶1313、芳纶1414和阻燃粘胶纤维为原料开发了性能优良的耐高温芳纶非织造布F60,介绍了芳纶水刺非织造布的生产工艺技术和产品性能。     

亚麻/棉55/45 164 tex竹节纱的开发实践

探讨亚麻/棉55/45 164 tex竹节纱的纺纱工艺.针对亚麻纤维和棉纤维的性能特点,对亚麻纤维进行纺前预处理;亚麻纤维与棉纤维采用包混,并选用开清棉机组进行两次开松及混和;加大亚麻纤维的投料比例;合理配置各工序工艺参数,最终成功纺制出亚麻/棉55/45 164 tex竹节纱,其质量满足了使用要求.     

阻燃织物的应用和发展

本文简要介绍了阻燃织物的应用领域、阻燃机理及其制备方法,最后对阻燃织物的发展现状及相应法律法规进行了说明和展望。     

纺织品阻燃性能测试

纺织品的阻燃整理具有重要意义,存在着各种不同性能测试方法。介绍了纺织品阻燃性能的各种测试方法,并论述了近几年阻燃纺织品的发展趋势。     

阻燃抗熔融粘胶纤维的纺纱实践

为开发出具有阻燃效果的纺织品,针对阻燃抗熔融粘胶纤维具有阻燃、隔热和抗熔滴的性能,通过开清棉工序提高纤维转移率,梳棉工序合理配置各部隔距,并条工序提高纤维平行伸直度,粗纱工序防止意外牵伸,细纱工序采用重加压、较小后区牵伸、较大后区隔距、小钳口的工艺配置,并严格控制各工序温湿度,使所纺制的阻燃抗熔融粘胶纤维14.8tex纯纺纱得以顺利生产。     

不同组织结构阻燃织物性能研究

探讨阻燃织物组织结构对其阻燃性能的影响.以同一规格的阻燃涤纶为原料,织造出不同组织结构的织物,通过垂直燃烧法测定其燃烧性能,并且对其组织系数、紧度、单位面积质量及厚度与损毁长度间的关系进行分析.结果表明:在原料相同的情况下,阻燃织物的组织、紧度、单位面积质量及厚度等对其阻燃性能均产生影响,尤其是织物的组织系数对织物的阻燃性能影响明显.认为产品设计中采用组织系数较小的组织,可使织物的阻燃性能得到增强.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.