乳酸杆菌代谢产物对阴道常见致病菌抑制作用的试验研究

目的:研究乳酸杆菌代谢产物对引起阴道炎常见的致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞肠球菌、伤寒杆菌和大肠埃希菌等的抑制作用。方法:采用营养琼脂平板培养基定量涂菌,国际标准药敏杯给药的药敏试验法,检测乳酸杆菌代谢产物对涂有金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞肠球菌、伤寒杆菌和大肠埃希菌营养平板产生的抑菌环的大小。在体外培养的健康妇女阴道上皮细胞菌液中分别加入乳酸杆菌代谢产物和金黄色葡萄球菌、肠杆菌和白色念珠菌大肠埃希菌、伤寒杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌菌液共同培养2 h,观察各致病菌与阴道上皮细胞的黏附情况。结果:乳酸杆菌代谢产物对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和伤寒杆菌抑菌环直径分别为(1.7±0.2)cm、(2.7±0.6)cm、(2.8±0.4)cm和(1.5±0.1)cm,与对照组相比具有明显差异;乳酸杆菌代谢产物对肠球菌、白色念珠菌未产生抑菌环。添加了乳酸杆菌代谢产物的肠球菌、伤寒杆菌/大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌与阴道上皮细胞黏附数分别为,22.5±3.2、27.3±4.1、30.4±4.9、39.3±5.3、24.7±2.9和40.1±3.9明显低于未添加乳酸杆菌代谢产物的对照组的黏附阴道上皮细胞数目(P﹤0.05)。结论:乳酸杆菌代谢产物对引起阴道炎常见的致病菌具有抑制作用,表现为抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌对阴道上皮细胞的黏附。     

五黄膏抑菌作用的实验研究

目的:观察五黄膏的抑菌作用。方法:制备五黄膏制剂,取样进行细菌培养和抑菌实验,以凡士林为对照,观察五黄膏对标准菌株和临床菌株(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌)抑菌作用。结果:五黄膏制剂取样培养无细菌生长,抑菌实验证实其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株均具有明显抑菌作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌临床菌株有显著抑菌作用(P<0.01)。结论:五黄膏体外对标准菌株和临床菌株(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌)具有抑菌作用。     

乙酰丙酸-十二烷基硫酸钠对大肠埃希菌、耻垢分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌的杀灭作用研究

目的 研究消毒剂乙酰丙酸-十二烷基硫酸钠(levulinic acid,sodium dodecyl sulfate,LVA-SDS)对大肠埃希菌、耻垢分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv的杀灭作用.方法 按照2002年版卫生部《消毒技术规范》要求,同时参照美国临床和实验室标准协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI) M07-A9的试验方法,在96微孔板上采用微量培养法和悬液定量杀菌试验,分别检测LVA-SDS的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC)以及不同浓度的LVA-SDS对大肠埃希菌、耻垢分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv的杀灭作用.结果 LVA对大肠埃希菌作用后的MIC值、MBC值均为0.3％LVA,对耻垢分枝杆菌作用后均为0.6％LVA,对结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv作用后均为0.075％LVA.LVA-SDS对大肠埃希菌作用后的MIC值、MBC值均为0.3％LVA+0.03％ SDS,而对耻垢分枝杆菌作用后均为0.6％LVA+0.06％SDS,对结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv作用后均为0.075％LVA+0.0075％ SDS.一定浓度范围的LVA-SDS随着时间(1～10 min)的延长,对大肠埃希菌、耻垢分枝杆菌的杀灭作用逐渐增强.5％LVA+0.5％SDS作用3 min对大肠埃希菌、耻垢分枝杆菌的杀灭率均达到100％.结论 LVA-SDS对大肠埃希菌、耻垢分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv均有较好的杀灭作用,具有较强的实际应用前景.     

致病性大肠埃希菌玻片凝集的模拟方法

目的在缺乏致病性大肠埃希菌株及其抗血清情况下，用普通大肠埃希菌和抗血清替代品即能开出致病性大肠埃希菌检验的实验，以减少实验开支。方法用鞣钙液代替OK血清，硫酸铝钾液代替。血清，分别与活的和死的大肠埃希菌做玻片凝集。结果鞣钙液与死、活大肠埃希菌都凝集；硫酸铝钾液只与死大肠埃希菌凝集，与活大肠埃希菌不凝集。结论采用该法可作为致病性大肠埃希菌玻片凝集反应的模拟方法。     

盐酸格拉司琼体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的:观察盐酸格拉司琼在体外对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌抑菌作用的影响。方法:将盐酸格拉司琼注射液用无菌生理盐水稀释至终浓度分别为0.5、0.25、0.125和0.0 625mg/mL,与大肠埃希杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、和铜绿假单胞菌培养,每个实验重复三遍,所有菌株的稀释的系列测定均进行两次。结果:格拉司琼对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有明显的抑菌作用,格拉司琼对大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用随着格拉司琼浓度的增加而增加,至0.0 625mg/mL时仍有明显的抑菌作用(P<0.05)。格拉司琼对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌作用在格拉司琼浓度为0.125mg/mL时消失。结论:格拉司琼在体外可以抑制大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的生长,对于预防麻醉相关的感染可能有一定的临床意义。     

体表瘘管大鼠模型的建立

目的:通过对建立体表瘘管大鼠动物模型的实验研究,探讨规范合理的模型制作方法,使动物模型更加稳定。方法:32只SD大鼠随机分为4组,在其颈背部埋置弹簧纱条,分别注入金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌混合菌、生理盐水。造模45d后,观察各组大鼠一般情况、局部表现、体温变化、病理学改变等,并分别进行组间比较。结果:采用金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌混合菌液注入埋置的弹簧纱条内造模建立的大鼠模型与临床瘘管的病理相符。结论:采用金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌混合菌液注入埋置的弹簧纱条内造模法简便、易重复、稳定性好,可以提供临床可靠的瘘管动物模型。     

抗感灵颗粒微生物限度检查法的验证

目的 确定抗感灵颗粒微生物限度的检查条件和方法.方法 测定抗感灵颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌等5种试验菌的回收率,对控制菌(大肠埃希菌)的检查方法进行方法学验证.结果 常规法对照用阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉菌的回收率>70%,枯草芽孢杆菌的回收率<70%;稀释法对照用阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌...     

MIP-2、MIP-1α和IL-6在小鼠血流感染中的变化规律实验研究

目的：探讨巨噬细胞炎性蛋白2（macrophage inflammatory protein-2, MIP-2）、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α（macrophage inflammatory protein-1 Alpha, MIP-1α）和白细胞介素6（interleukin-6, IL-6）在金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌感染时的变化规律及在鉴别诊断金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌感染的价值。方法将216只ICR小鼠随机分为3组,各组72只。尾静脉注射大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌建立小鼠血流感染模型,生理盐水注射建立阴性对照。共9个时间点,各时间点每组8只小鼠。分别在感染0.5h、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、2d、3d、5d后采血,检测血液白细胞计数（WBC）,血清中MIP-2、MIP-1α和IL-6浓度。结果①大肠埃希菌组和金黄色葡萄球菌组小鼠在感染0.5 h 后MIP-2、MIP-1α和IL-6均明显升高,各指标峰值分别为（13246.8±865.37）pg/ml 、（699.79±36.36）pg/ml、（25080.32±1263.58）pg/ml、（3483.22±169.84）pg/ml和（1171.98±104.49）pg/ml 、（94.71±14.38）pg/ml,大肠埃希菌感染组显著高于金黄色葡萄球菌感染组;②MIP-2、MIP-1α和IL-6在大肠埃希菌感染时的ROC曲线下面积（0.962、0.967、0.962）与金黄色葡萄球菌感染时的（0.877、0.889、0.885）的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,并且两组之间差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 MIP-2、MIP-1α和IL-6在炎症早期明显升高,在鉴别大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌引发的感染均具有统计学意义。     

医用臭氧对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的杀灭作用

目的 研究医用臭氧对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的杀灭作用,为医用臭氧的临床应用提供依据.方法 取实验菌用金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌于无菌牛理盐水中制备菌悬液,麦氏比浊法调整含菌量,以不同浓度医用臭氧在不同时间点分别作用于两种菌悬液.计算两种细菌的杀灭率.结果 不同浓度医用臭氧对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌均有较高的杀灭率,浓度越高对细菌的杀灭率越高(F=5278.00,3293.26,5743.73,P<0.05);同一医用臭氧浓度作用下,随着作用时间延长,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的杀灭率均显著提高,作用时间大于或等于10min时,两种细菌的杀灭率均为100%.结论 一定浓度下医用臭氧作用10min以上可有效杀灭体外中的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌,提示可在允许条件下,通过提高医用臭氧浓度及作用时间,增强杀菌效果.     

流式细胞术检测小鼠中性粒细胞吞噬功能的方法学探讨

目的: 建立用流式细胞术检测小鼠中性粒细胞(PMN)吞噬功能的方法。方法: 用不同缓冲液制备荧光素(FITC)标记葡萄球菌或大肠埃希菌,流式细胞术检测细菌FITC标记率。小鼠全血与FITC标记细菌37℃共育10~20min,溶解红细胞后用流式细胞术检测小鼠PMN荧光强度的变化,计算PMN吞噬率。结果: 用PBS(pH7.2)标记金黄色葡萄球菌效果好,用碳酸盐缓冲液(pH9)标记大肠埃希菌效果好。小鼠PMN对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率低,对大肠埃希菌的吞噬率高。结论: 用流式细胞术检测小鼠PMN吞噬FITC标记大肠埃希菌是测定小鼠PMN吞噬功能的简便、快速和重复性好的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.