地佐辛超前镇痛在儿童扁桃体和腺样体切除术中的应用

目的：观察不同剂量地佐辛用于全麻下儿童扁桃体和腺样体切除术后的镇痛效果及安全性。方法：选择择期在全麻下行扁桃体、腺样体切除术的患儿60例,年龄5~15岁,ASA分级I~Ⅱ级。采用完全随机双盲法将患儿分为A,B,C 3组,每组20例。A,B组分别于手术开始前10min缓慢静脉注射地佐辛0.08,0.1mg/kg,C组对照组于手术开始前10min缓慢静脉注射生理盐水3mL。麻醉诱导时给予咪唑安定0.15mg/kg,丙泊酚1mg/kg,芬太尼5μg/kg,顺式阿曲库胺1.5mg/kg,给氧去氮3min后气管插管,机控呼吸。术中麻醉维持采用微泵静注丙泊酚8mg/kg·h-1,瑞芬太尼0.3μg/kg·min-1,手术结束前5min停用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼,术毕等患儿清醒,自主呼吸恢复满意后拔管。观察记录自主呼吸恢复时间（t1）,呼之睁眼时间（t2）,拔管时间（t3）,3组患儿的基础值（入室后安静状态下的生命体征）,拔管时,术后1h（T1）,3h（T2）,6h（T3）各时间点患儿的MAP,HR,RR,SpO2及疼痛程度评分（采用修订版面部表情疼痛评价量表FPS-R）,以及3组患者用药后恶心、呕吐、躁动、昏睡、呼吸抑制及出血不良反应的发生率。结果：t1、t2、t3 3组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。拔管时,术后T1、T2、T3各时间点MAP、HR、C组均高于A,B两组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,A,B两组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。拔管时,术后T1、T2、T3各时间点RR,SpO23组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后T1、T2、T3各时间点患儿FPS-R评分C组均高于A,B组（P〈0.05）,A组高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后各组不良反应的比较,3组患者恶心、呕吐、昏睡的发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后躁动、出血的发生率B组均低于A,C两组（P〈0.05）,A,C两组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：静脉注射0.1mg/kg地佐辛镇痛镇静效果良好,术后苏醒迅速、平稳,作用时     

显微镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术的临床分析

目的：探讨显微镜下低温等离子刀应用于扁桃体腺样体切除术的效果。方法82例慢性扁桃体炎并腺样体肥大患儿根据手术方式分组：35例行常规手术为A组,47例行显微镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术为B组,对比2组的临床疗效。结果 B组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后6 h VAS评分均显著低于A组（P<0.05）;B组术后并发症发生率为4.26%,显著低于A组的17.14%（P<0.05）。结论显微镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术创伤小、术中出血少、术后疼痛轻且并发症少,值得推广应用。     

不同麻醉方式在小儿扁桃体腺样体肥大手术的效果比较

目的观察不同的麻醉方式在小儿扁桃体腺样体肥大手术中的效果。方法选择ASAI级择期行扁桃体及腺样体切除术的患儿150例作为研究对象,随机分为3组。A组：芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻;B组：瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚全凭静脉麻;C组：瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚—神经阻滞。比较3组术中血流动力学变化、术后恢复情况。结果插管时、拔管后即刻,A组血压、心率分别高于B组、C组（P〈0.05）,其余时间点无显著差异。气管拔管时间、意识恢复时间A组长于B组,B组长于C组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚结合区域阻滞的麻醉效果好,术后苏醒快,适用于小儿扁桃体腺样体肥大手术。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于小儿扁桃体腺样体摘除术的临床观察

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于小儿扁桃体腺样体摘除术时术后恢复情况.方法 选择50例择期行扁桃体腺样体摘除术患儿,随机分为两组:A组和B组,A组以瑞芬太尼0.3ug/kg/min+丙泊酚6mg/kg/min静脉泵注维持麻醉;B组吸入氧气(2L/min)+七氟烷(3%)维持麻醉,记录各组患儿术中HR、BP及术毕自主呼吸恢复、气管导管拔除及PACU停留时间,术后不良反应的发生情况.结果 手术结束后A组自主恢复时间、拔管时间及PACU留观时间与B组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),术后呛咳发生率A组为8%,明显少于B组(40%),术后躁动发生率A组为4%,明显少于B组(28%).结论 瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于小儿扁桃体腺样体摘除术,苏醒平稳,更安全.     

低剂量艾司氯胺酮对扁桃体切除术患儿苏醒期躁动的效果观察

目的 探讨低剂量艾司氯胺酮对小儿扁桃体切除术后苏醒期躁动（emergence agitation,EA）的治疗效果。方法选取2021年11月至2022年2月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院择期行扁桃体伴/不伴腺样体切除术患儿98例，采用随机数字表法分为低剂量艾司氯胺酮组（S组）和安慰剂组（C组），每组49例。S组麻醉诱导时给予0.3 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮慢推，并予5μg/（kg·min）静脉维持至术毕；C组麻醉诱导时给予等量生理盐水慢推，并予生理盐水静脉维持至术毕。采用儿童麻醉苏醒期谵妄（pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale, PAED）评分及面部、腿部、活动、哭泣和可安慰性评分（Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability scale, FLACC）评估拔管后15 min和30 min两组患儿的躁动及疼痛情况。比较两组患儿麻醉前（T0）、气管插管后1 min(T1)、手术开始后10 min(T2)及手术结束时（T3）的SBP、DBP和HR，以及术后不良反应发生情况。结果 与C组相比，拔管后15...     

右美托咪定在儿童扁桃体手术围拔管期的应用

目的观察右美托咪定在小儿扁桃体、腺样体切除手术术后围拔管期的镇静作用。方法选择择期进行扁桃体、腺样体切除手术的患儿60例,随机分为常规组(A组)和右美托咪定组(B组)各30例;两组均以丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼靶控输注诱导及维持,手术结束时停药,并静注曲马多2mg/kg。B组手术结束前10min静脉注射右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,输注时间10min。两组均等待患儿自然清醒拔管,观察两组生命体征变化、术后睁眼时间、拔管时间以及苏醒期躁动、上呼吸道梗阻、术后恶心呕吐等情况。结果 B组拔管时和术后清醒时平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)较A组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组睁眼时间和拔管时间长于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B组术后上呼吸道梗阻率分别为6.7%和10.0%,术后恶心呕吐发生率为16.7%和13.3%,差异均无统计学意义;B组苏醒期躁动发生率为10.0%,较A组的30.0%低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定在手术围拔管期的应用能较好地用于儿童扁桃体手术术后拔管期的镇静,稳定患儿循环情况,减少苏醒期躁动的发生。     

右美托咪定在七氟醚全麻下儿童扁桃体及腺样体切除术中的应用

目的 探讨单次应用右美托咪定在七氟醚全麻下儿童扁桃体及腺样体切除术麻醉中的临床效果。方法 选取2021年5月至2022年5月在我院七氟醚全麻下行鼻内镜下扁桃体及腺样体切除术的儿童患者80例，年龄4～8岁，不限性别，ASA分级为I级或II级，BMI指数正常，将患儿随机分为试验组D(n=40)和对照组C(n=40)。麻醉诱导后10 min内分别给予右美托咪定0.5μg/kg(D组)或等量生理盐水(C组)。分别观察两组患儿血流动力学变化和术后恢复情况，记录患儿麻醉前(T0)、插管时(T1)、支撑喉镜时(T2)、拔管时(T3)、拔管后5 min(T4)、出麻醉后恢复室(PACU)时(T5)的心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP),运用小儿麻醉苏醒躁动评分量表(PAED)和疼痛行为评分量表(FLACC)评分对患儿进入PACU后30 min内的躁动发生及疼痛情况进行评分，并记录两组患儿手术时间、拔管时间、PACU停留时间、拔管后住院时间并观察两组患儿不良事件和术后负性行为改变(NPOBC)的发生率。结果 两组患儿T0和T5时的MAP和HR比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但D组在T2、T3...     

艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定在儿童扁桃体切除术中的应用效果

目的：观察艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定预处理对儿童扁桃体切除术后血流动力学及苏醒躁动的影响。方法：选择2020年2月至12月台州市中心医院择期行扁桃体切除术患儿80例,年龄5～13岁,ASA分级I或II级。采用随机数字表法分成对照组（E组）和观察组（ED组）,每组40例。E组和ED组分别在麻醉诱导前10 min静脉泵注艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg和艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg+右美托咪定1.0 μg/kg,均用0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释至10 mL。采用小儿麻醉苏醒躁动评分量表（PAED）和疼痛行为评分量表（FLACC）对患儿进入麻醉后恢复室（PACU）后30 min内的躁动发生及疼痛情况进行评分,并记录患儿麻醉前（T0）、拔管时（T1）、拔管后5 min（T2）、10 min（T3）的心率（HR）和平均动脉压（MAP）以及手术时间、苏醒时间、PACU停留时间和术后不良反应发生情况。结果：两组患儿术后FLACC评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）,ED组患儿术后PAED评分显著低于E组（P ＜0.05）。两组患儿T0 和T3时的MAP和HR比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）,但ED组在T1 和T2时MAP和HR明显低于E组（P ＜0.05）。两组患儿手术时间、苏醒时间和PACU停留时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。此外,ED组患儿术后头晕、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率低于E组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.501,P =0.034）。结论：艾司氯胺酮复合右美托咪定用于患儿扁桃体切除术能够有效降低麻醉苏醒期躁动发生,血流动力学更加稳定且术后不良反应更少,临床效果显著。     

瑞芬太尼泵注全麻用于儿童扁桃体和腺样体切除术

目的:观察瑞芬太尼泵注全麻用于儿童扁桃体、腺样体切除术中麻醉的可行性和临床效果。方法:选择择期进行扁桃体、腺样体切除术患儿40例,随机分为A和B两组,每组20例,分别以瑞芬太尼泵注及芬太尼静脉注射诱导及维持麻醉,术中分别观测并比较两组患儿血流动力学变化及术毕患儿清醒拔管时间,并观测术中不良反应如体动反应、心动过缓的发生,以及术后的不良反应如恶心、呕吐等。结果:经临床观察,瑞芬太尼在全麻术中泵注,作用起效快,术中可维持较好的麻醉深度,术毕苏醒迅速,可获得良好的麻醉效果。结论:瑞芬太尼泵注全身麻醉用于儿童扁桃体、腺样体切除术可行且安全有效。     

双管喉罩浅全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的：探讨双管喉罩浅全麻复合硬膜外阻滞与全凭静脉麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中的麻醉效果。方法：择期行LC患者32例,随机分为双管喉罩浅全麻复合硬膜外阻滞（A组,n=16）及全凭静脉麻醉（B组,n=16）。监测记录患者入室时（T0）、切皮时（T1）、二氧化碳气腹时（T2）、拔管/罩时（T3）心率（HR）、平均动脉（MAP）的变化。记录术毕自主呼吸恢复时间,完全清醒时间,拔管时间及术后躁动情况。结果：A组在T1、T2、T3时HR、MAP变化均小于B组。A组术后自主呼吸恢复时间,完全清醒时间,拔管时间均早于B组。结论：双管喉罩浅全麻复合硬膜外阻滞完全能满足LC手术的要求;术毕自主呼吸恢复、清醒快,术后躁动情况少,减少了术后并发症。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.