Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Camellia Oil by Gel Permeation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A rapid method for the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in camellia oil is reported. The analytes were extracted from camellia oil using 1:1 (v/v) cyclohexane/ethyl acetate, isolated by gel permeation chromatography, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The method features good sensitivity, as the limits of quantification were from 0.33 to 0.67 microgram per kilogram, which are lower than those of regulatory maximum residue limits. Intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 1.19 to 4.52 percent and 1.86 to 3.56 percent, respectively. The recoveries were 79.3–87.9, 85.3–93.4, and 89.6–97.3 percent at fortified levels of 10, 25, and 50 microgram per kilogram, respectively. Moreover, the method is rapid, requiring less than three hours, in comparison to traditional approaches, which require more than twenty-four hours. The developed method was also inexpensive in terms of solvent use and employed to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in five camellia oil products. High concentrations of acenaphthene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene were present in samples produced through extrusion and high temperature pressing. The results suggest that camellia oil processing should be monitored to minimize the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Selective Quenchofluorometric Detection of Fluoranthenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The phenomenon of fluorescence quenching was used for selective HPLC detection of fluoranthenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Termed a “Quenchofluorometric” detection system, it employs a filter fluorimeter or spectrofluorimeter and nitromethane in the mobile phase as the fluorescence quenching reagent. Chromatograms obtained with and without the quenching reagent are compared for PAH standards, a coal tar extract, and a shale oil sample. The quenchofluorometric detection system provides an inexpensive method to achieve selective detection for fluoranthenic PAH as a group.     

Determination of Phenol in Surface Waters by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Sorption Preconcentration

The retention of phenol and its derivatives on Silasorb C₈ and PepRPC ^TMHR 5/5 was studied. Both columns are suitable for the separation of pyrocatechol–phenol–o-cresol(p-cresol)–2,6-xylenol mixtures using mobile phases containing 10–20 vol % of isopropanol and 1% glacial acetic acid in water. A procedure was developed for determining phenol with a detection limit of 4 mg/L (acetonitrile; signal-to-noise ratio, 2; loop volume, 25 L). With preconcentration from 1-L samples in a Diapak-phenol/P cartridge, the procedure allows phenol to be determined in water samples with a detection limit of 4 g/L. The procedure was used in analyses of samples of river and tap water.     

固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用分析环境水样中的痕量多环芳烃

建立了固相微萃取(SPME)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用同时测定环境水样中8种多环芳烃的分析方法。优化了萃取时间、萃取温度、解吸时间、解吸溶液、解吸模式等条件。该法对8种多环芳烃的检出限为0.002-0.180 μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为4.4%-12.2%。用该法分析江水中的痕量多环芳烃,除苯并［b］荧蒽外,其他7种多环芳烃的回收率为91.1%-115.8%,RSD(n=3)为3.6%-18.8%。方法快速、灵敏、简单,适用于快速分析环境水样中的痕量多环芳烃。     

Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography on Short Narrow-bore Columns to the Determination of Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples

Conditions were optimized for the separation of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by high-performance liquid chromatography on short narrow-bore columns (2 × 75 mm). Twelve PAHs were determined by the direct injection of preconcentrated extracts from highly contaminated soil, solid phase of snow water, an aerosol, and surface water. PAH peaks were identified using retention times and spectral ratios (R). In the case of the detection of nonhomogeneous peaks (by the R value), the repeated separation of the sample was proposed with a change in the selectivity of the mobile phase, detection wavelength, and column temperature. The spread of the results of measurements of the PAH mass was estimated at different deviations of R from the standard value.     

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Airborne Particulate by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

This paper presents a trisolvent ultrasonic extraction and HPLC analysis method for the determination of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air particulate collected on an air filter by a commercial high volume air sampler. A reverse phase column, Vydac 201 TP, and a gradient mobile phase, acetonitrile/water, were used. The 11 PAHs, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a, h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and coronene were completely resolved under experimental conditions. All the PAHs except coronene were monitored by fluorescence with λ_ex=270 nm, λ_em>389 nm. Coronene was monitored by UV with λ=300 nm. The methodology was evaluated by spiking SRM 1649 with a PAH standard and then going through different extraction procedures and analyzing the PAH concentrations without clean-up. An external standard method was used for quantitation. The recovery yields for fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene were above 90%. The detection limits of PAH with fluorescence at λ_ex=270 nm, λ_em>389 nm ranged from 5.7 pg to 69.5 pg.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定土壤中的多环芳烃

多环芳烃(简称PAHs)是一类具有致癌、致畸以及能够诱导有机体突变的环境有机污染物。可靠的PAHs检测方法是研究其环境行为的重要保证。由于高效液相色谱-荧光检测法具有不需要高温、对某些PAHs有较高的分辨率和高灵敏度、柱后流出组分便于收集进行光谱鉴定等优点,近年来被广泛应用于PAHs的检测。实验在对美国环保局(USEPA)优先监测的15种PAHs污染物在土壤中的含量进行测定时,重点优化了梯度洗脱程序和检测波长程序。优化后的方法对15种PAHs的最低检出限为0.12～1.57 μg/kg,回收率为73%～126%,相对标准偏差为0.53%～3.57%。结果表明,该方法用于测定土壤中PAHs的含量,具有检出限低、灵敏度高和重复性好等优点,是一个较为可靠的检测方法。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中多环芳烃

1　引　　言多环芳烃是一类重要的致癌物质 ,故对环境样品中痕量的多环芳烃分析具有重要意义。高效液相色谱 荧光检测器检测是测定多环芳烃最常用的方法。由于传统方法样品处理需用溶剂萃取 ,操作麻烦 ,污染大 ,引入误差因素多 ,故我们研究了用固相萃取预分离和富集 ,高效液相色谱程序波长荧光检测器检测的方法 ,并用二极管矩阵检测器 (ＰＤＡ)辅助作峰识别和纯度分辨。该方法采用固相萃取小柱富集 ,具有富集倍数高 ,节省时间 ,环境污染小 ,不易乳化的优点 ,采用程序波长荧光检测器检测的同时又用ＰＤＡ检测器作了辅助峰识别和纯度分辨 ,利…     

Unified Procedure for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Nitro Derivatives by Low-Temperature Luminescence

A method was described for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitro derivatives (nitro-PAHs) in samples of complex composition using low-temperature luminescence. Fractionation by HPLC was used to separate compounds with similar spectral properties. At the chromatograph inlet, a test sample was purified from weakly retained components additionally preconcentrated on a concentrator cartridge, which was fixed in the injector in place of the sampling loop. Step gradient fractionation was considered, and a table of retention times for PAHs and nitro-PAHs was presented. The the fractional distribution of the analytes was studied. Phosphorescence spectra of some nitro-PAHs were described. The method proposed is comparable in sensitivity to HPLC with the fluorescence detection, but does not require derivatization for determining nitro-PAHs. A table of spectral parameters of analytes suffices for qualitative analysis, as in chromatography–mass spectrometry. However, in distinction to the latter technique, the method described is selective because of the specificity of excitation and emission spectra of each of the analytes.     

同步荧光—高效液相色谱联用法分析多环芳烃同分异构体

本文以高效液相色谱作为预分离手段，采用步荧光法对两组环芳烃异构体；屈和苯并（ａ）蒽，苯并（ｋ）荧蒽和北进行了分析研究，结果表明，选择适当的Δλ，可以使色谱法难以分离的两组异构体达到同时测定，该方法具有简单，快速，灵敏等优点，本文此方法应用于海洋沉积物样品的研究，也取得了很的效果。     

减压吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用分析水样中的多环芳烃

建立了减压吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用分析水样中多环芳烃的方法.采用85μm聚丙烯酸酯固相微萃取纤维作为捕集阱,在40～90℃的样品加热温度和5～90kPa的负压状态下,吹扫捕集水样中的15种多环芳烃,取样量10mL,吹扫时间20min,解析温度340℃,解析时间10min,以进样口作为热解析装置,采用气相色谱-质谱联...     

微萃取瓶富集-高效液相色谱法测定海水中多环芳烃

采用自制微萃取瓶富集-反相高效液相色谱法同时测定海水中的萘、菲、荧蒽。实验选择DiamonsilC18(250×4.6mmi.d.,5μm)色谱柱,体积比为88∶12的甲醇-水作流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长280nm,柱温30℃。最佳萃取条件:400mL水样,300μL正辛烷作萃取剂,NaCl浓度100g/L,萃取时间15min。在10～5×104μg/L范围内,萘、菲、荧蒽呈现良好线性关系(相关系数均大于0.9997)。萘、菲、荧蒽检出限分别为13.3、13.3、7.0ng/L;加标回收率分别为94.50%、94.05%、92.59%;相对标准偏差分别为1.60%、1.82%、0.90%。     

花生壳活性炭固相萃取/超高效液相色谱法测定河水中的18种多环芳烃

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(SPE/UPLC-PDA)联用技术测定河水中18种痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)的快速分析方法。通过优化固相萃取条件、流动相体系、色谱条件等因素,7 min内实现了18种多环芳烃的高效分离。在0.05~50 mg/L浓度范围内,18种多环芳烃的浓度与对应峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 9,检出限为0.08~2.03 ng/L,样品加标回收率为74.5%~103.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.5%~2.3%。将该方法应用于九龙江流域龙岩段周边水样的检测,结果可靠。该方法简单环保、灵敏准确、操作快速,可显著提高河水中痕量PAHs的分析效率。     

测定大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱编程荧光法

建立了高效液相色谱法分析１４种多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）的最佳分离条件及测定的最佳荧光激发、发射波长，多环芳烃化合物的最小检测量从０９０到５５１９ｐｇ，各化合物保留时间的相对标准偏差ＲＳＤ＜０３４％，在所测定的含量范围内具有很好的线性关系。该法用于大气气溶胶中的多环芳烃分析时，气溶胶的萃取物不经预处理可直接测定，收集样品的４个滤膜加标后测定的平均回收率为９２８％～１０８％。     

高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外串联测定土壤中16种多环芳烃

采用高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外检测器串联测定土壤中16种多环芳烃。通过液相色谱柱、荧光激发和发射波长等条件的优化,实现16种多环芳烃组分基线完全分离来和15种多环芳烃荧光高灵敏度检测,并通过荧光-紫外串联检测来提高定性的准确度等。在优化的实验条件下,荧光检测器的检出限为0.015~0.8μg/L;紫外检测器检出限为0.4~30μg/L;方法精密度为0.58%~1.36%(荧光)、1.13%~5.48%(紫外);样品加标回收率为76.4%~111%。     

凝固漂浮有机液滴-分散液液微萃取结合高效液相色谱法同时测定自来水中氯代多环芳烃与多环芳烃

建立了自来水中6种氯代多环芳烃和15种多环芳烃的凝固漂浮有机液滴-分散液液微萃取高效液相色谱分析方法,并探讨了萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、氯化钠含量及涡旋振荡时间等因素对萃取效率的影响。优化后的萃取实验条件为:10μL十二醇为萃取溶剂,500μL甲醇为分散溶剂,6%NaCl,涡旋振荡时间2 min。目标化合物经多环芳烃专用柱(SUPELCOSILTMLC-PAH,150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离后,外标法定量。结果表明,21种目标化合物在一定质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均不低于0.999;在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为70.6%～98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.0%～10%;方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.000 7～0.009μg/L,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.002 2～0.028μg/L。可用于自来水中氯代多环芳烃和多环芳烃的分析检测。     

Retention Behaviour of Higher Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

The retention behaviour of 18 di-, tri- and tetra-fluorinated phenanthrenes, chrysenes and benzo[g]chrysenes in column liquid chromatography was studied for a monomeric and a polymeric octadecyl-bonded silica phase. The retention times were much longer than those of the parent compounds and strongly dependent on the F-substitution pattern. The influence of geometric factors like calculated length-to-breadth ratios (LB ratios) and planarity, and electronic factors such as dipole moment and London forces was investigated. A linear correlation was found between the dipole moment and/or the degree of fluorination and the retention factor for the monomeric phase, and additionally between the maximum LB ratio and the retention factor for the polymeric phase. These findings are interpreted using the models of partition and the slot-model, respectively. Polyfluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not very similar to parent PAHs and are, therefore, less suitable as internal standards in PAH analysis than the monofluorinated analogues especially in cases when the similarity of physico-chemical properties is critical.     

柱层析-高效液相色谱测定煤沥青中16种多环芳烃

建立了高效液相色谱测定煤沥青甲苯抽提液中16种美国环境保护署(EPA)重点监控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的方法。以Agilent PAHs色谱柱为分离柱,不同比例混合的乙腈和水作流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测,16种PAHs的线性范围为0.5~20 mg/L,相对标准偏差小于2%,加标回收率为83.7%~98.9%。对两种不同来源的煤沥青进行分析,结果显示,两种煤沥青中16种PAHs的含量分别为107.89 g/kg和103.04 g/kg,其中苯并[a]芘含量分别为11.86 g/kg和13.85 g/kg。该方法可用于不同种煤沥青中致癌性PAHs的准确测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定黄浦江表层沉积物中的痕量多环芳烃

建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(PDA)测定上海市黄浦江表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法。在保留时间定性分析的基础上,利用PDA获取的紫外扫描光谱图对目标组分进行了准确的定性,并通过异构体紫外光谱图中特征峰的差异有效地识别了样品中的4种异构体,即苯并［b］荧蒽、 苯并［k］荧蒽、 苯并［a］芘和苯并［e］芘。通过检测波长的优化,减少了干扰物的影响,提高了检测灵敏度;针对分离度较差的两种目标组分(苯并［b］荧蒽和苯并［k］荧蒽)的定量进行了分析讨论。该方法对16种PAHs的检出限(以干基计)介于1.1～18.3 ng/g之间,具有较高的方法灵敏度。黄浦江表层沉积物测定结果表明,除二氢苊外的15种PAHs都被检出,含量为10.1～253.0 ng/g。