微波辐照稻杆制造活性炭

研究了微波辐照经氯化锌浸渍的稻杆制造活性炭。实验结果表明，经微波辐照８ｍｉｎ，所得活性炭的亚甲基蓝脱色力为１５ｍＬ／０．１ｇ，为国家标准一级品的１．２５倍，时间仅为传统方法的１／４５。     

综合利用烟杆废料制取优质活性炭

研究了以烟杆废料为原料，在微波辐照和传统加热下氯化锌法制取活性炭的方法．经对比实验得出，用微波辐照９min即可完成传统工艺中预热、干燥、炭化和活化４个阶段，活性炭产品的亚甲基监脱色力为170mL/g，微波辐照工艺的加热时间仅为传统工艺的1/20；用传统加热方法，炭化温度680℃，炭化时间1h，活化温度800℃，活化时间2h，活性炭的亚甲基蓝脱色力为150mL/g。2种方法制得的活性炭的亚甲基蓝脱色力均超过国家标准一级产品的指标（120mL/g）。     

几种物质对松材线虫的作用

松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害。本文选用了几种物质，采用浸泡生测法和棉球生测法测定了其对松材线虫的作用。结果表明，阿维菌素对松材线虫的杀线活性较强，米乐尔次之，狼牙刺种子粗提物和氯化铵的杀线活性均较弱，氯化钙则无杀线活性。阿维菌素和米乐尔对松材线虫繁殖均有较强的抑制作用，狼牙刺种子粗提物的抑制作用较弱，氯化铵无抑制作用，而氯化钙对松材线虫的繁殖具有促进作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定水体中四种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了液液萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水体中DEP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP4种内分泌干扰素的方法。以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,氮吹蒸发浓缩后进样分析。HPLC分析条件为：100%甲醇作流动相、流速1.2mL/min、柱温35℃、紫外检测器（224nm）。方法的线性相关系数大于0.999,相对标准偏差小于6.2%,仪器检测限分别为0.011mg/L、0.009mg/L、0.016mg/L、0.020mg/L,加标回收率为84.1%~99.5%。实际水样检测结果为河流中4种PAEs总浓度在35.6~184.2μg/L,表明该河流水体受到不同程度的PAEs污染。     

Nitrate improves growth in salt-stressed citrus seedlings through effects on photosynthetic activity and chloride accumulation

We analyzed the effects of nitrate availability on growth of Navelina (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) scions grafted on three citrus rootstocks differing in salt tolerance: Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Citrus macrophylla Wester and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tanaka). Salt stress reduced total plant biomass by 27-38%, whereas potassium nitrate supplementation partially counteracted this effect by increasing dry matter and new leaf area. Salinized Carrizo citrange had the greatest response to nitrate supplementation, whereas the effects on salinized Cleopatra mandarin and C. macrophylla were less apparent. Nitrogen and chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic activity also increased in leaves of the nitrate-supplemented salinized plants. In salinized plants, nitrate supplementation reduced leaf abscission, stimulated photosynthetic activity and increased growth of new leaves. The nitrate treatment did not modify chloride concentration in leaves, but it reduced chloride concentrations in Carrizo and Macrophylla roots. Therefore, in both rootstocks, chloride content was similar in mature leaves, higher in immature leaves and lower in roots of the nitrate-supplemented salinized plants compared with salinized plants unsupplemented with nitrate. We suggest that the nitrate-induced stimulation of growth reduced chloride concentration in roots through the reallocation of chloride to new leaves.     

利用Frendlich吸附曲线分光光度法测定活性炭的亚甲兰脱色力

利用分光光度计测定活性炭对亚甲兰吸附平衡液的浓度．应用Ｆｒｅｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附曲线可精确计算出活性炭亚甲兰脱色力．方法快速、正确。     

生根粉与肥料处理对多枝柽柳根系活力的影响

以2年生多枝柽柳为试材,研究了不同水平的生根粉、无机肥和有机肥对不同月份、不同土层深度多枝柽柳根系活力的影响。结果表明：（1）多枝柽柳根系活力从4月份到8月份呈单峰曲线,7月份达到最高;多枝柽柳的根系活力在20～60cm土层中随着土层深度增加根系活力逐渐下降,土层深度越深,根系活力越小。（2）3mg/mL生根粉、无机肥（尿素300kg／hm^2＋过磷酸钙400kg／hm^2＋氯化钾200ks／hm^2）和有机肥15000kg／hm^2对于提高20～40cm土层处的根系活力最好。（3）4．5mg／mL生根粉、无机肥（尿素300kg／hm^2＋过磷酸钙400kg／hm^2＋氯化钾200kg／hm^2）和有机肥15000kg／hm^2对于提高40～60cm土层多处的根系活力最好。     

硫酸改性对活性炭吸附性能的影响

采用硫酸对活性炭进行改性,探讨硫酸浓度、改性温度对改性活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,改性活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值呈现先升后降的趋势,而苯吸附值和苯酚吸附值总体呈不断下降趋势;随着硫酸浓度的升高,改性活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值和苯吸附值呈不断下降的趋势,而苯酚吸附值呈先降后升的趋势。与未改性的活性炭相比,改性活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值均有所降低,苯酚吸附值有所升高,而苯吸附值在一定范围内有所升高。     

改性松香-缩合单宁酯的制备及性质

在微波辐照下,以吡啶作催化剂,通过缩合单宁与改性松香酰氯的O-酰化反应,以改性松香和不同级分或树种的缩合单宁为原料,合成了一系列改性松香-缩合单宁酯.利用UV、IR、TG-DTA和元素分析等方法对目标产物进行了分析和表征,并测试了它们的抗氧化性及其钠盐的表面活性.结果表明,改性松香-缩合单宁酯的油溶性普遍好于缩合单宁,在花生油中表现出良好的抗氧化性,且去氢枞酸-毛杨梅树皮缩合单宁酯的抗氧化性能最佳.改性松香-缩合单宁酯的钠盐比缩合单宁的钠盐具有更优良的表面活性,其降低表面张力能力强弱顺序为:HR-WT钠盐＞HR-ET钠盐＞DR-ET钠盐＞DR-WT钠盐＞DHA-WT钠盐≈DHA-MET钠盐＞DHA-ET钠盐＞ET钠盐;不同松香改性产物钠盐的表面张力和临界胶束浓度有一定差异,但差别不大,其中氢化松香改性产物钠盐的表面活性最好,歧化松香改性产物钠盐的表面活性次之,去氢枞酸改性产物钠盐的表面活性最差.改性松香-缩合单宁酯钠盐对苯的乳化力都超过了60min,具有很好的乳化能力.改性松香-缩合单宁酯钠盐起泡比顺序为:氢化松香-黑荆树树皮缩合单宁酯钠盐＞歧化松香-黑荆树树皮缩合单宁酯钠盐＞去氢枞酸-黑荆树树皮缩合单宁酯钠盐＞去氢枞酸-毛杨梅树皮缩合单宁酯钠盐＞毛杨梅树皮缩合单宁钠盐.     

Stimulation effect of wide type CFTR chloride channel by the naturally occurring flavonoid tangeretin

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated chloride channel expressed in the apical membrane of serous epithelial cells. Both deficiency and overactivation of CFTR may cause fluid and salt secretion related diseases. In the present study, we identified tangeretin from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride as a CFTR activator using high-throughput screening based on FRT cell-based fluorescence assay. The activation effect of tangeretin on CFTR chloride channel and the possible underlying mechanisms were investigated. Fluorescence quenching tests showed that tangeretin dose- and time-dependently activated CFTR chloride channel, the activity had rapid and reversible characteristics and the activation effect could be completely reversed by the CFTR specific blocker CFTR_inh-172. Primary mechanism studies indicated that the activation effect of tangeretin on CFTR chloride channel was FSK dependent as well as had additional effect with FSK and IBMX suggesting that tangeretin activates CFTR by direct interacting with the protein. Ex-vivo tests revealed that tangeretin could accelerate the speed of the submucosal gland fluid secretion. Short-circuit current measurement demonstrated that tangeretin activated rat colonic mucosa chloride current. Thus, CFTR Cl⁻ channel is a molecular target of natural compound tangeretin. Tangeretin may have potential use for the treatment of CFTR-related diseases like cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and habitual constipation.     

磷酸法制备活性炭工艺研究

以杉木屑为原料,采用磷酸浸渍在高温下对其进行活化,制备活性炭。探讨温度、保温时间、磷酸浓度对活性炭性能的影响。结果表明,随着温度和保温时间的增加,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值和苯吸附值总体呈上升的趋势。随着磷酸浓度的增加,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值呈先降后升的趋势。在较优的实验工艺下,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值和吸苯率分别为330.0 mg·g-1、1 015.7 mg·g-1和59.2%。     

二氧化钛/壳聚糖/丙烯酸复合水凝胶的原位交联及性能

壳聚糖基复合材料在水凝胶领域应用广泛,但其制备过程中通常需要有毒性的化学交联剂和经过繁琐的化学修饰等过程。将壳聚糖、丙烯酸和钛酸四丁酯共混,在遇水后,通过钛酸四丁酯的原位水解形成的纳米二氧化钛作为物理交联剂,一步法制备复合水凝胶,过程简单且无需化学交联剂。在此复合水凝胶中,纳米二氧化钛作为交联剂和光催化剂,丙烯酸可以提高壳聚糖的吸水性,同时丙烯酸和壳聚糖表面的羟基和氨基等基团又可以增强二氧化钛的光催化性能。利用X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜等考察其形貌与结构等特征,并通过吸水试验和亚甲基蓝的光降解试验测试了其溶胀及光催化性能。结果表明:该复合水凝胶内部为多孔结构,粒径约为5~12 nm的二氧化钛均匀分散在复合水凝胶中,无团聚现象。该复合水凝胶材料具有优良的吸水性,其饱和吸水率约为1500%,在模拟自然光下对亚甲基蓝有较好的光催化降解效果。以上结果表明该材料在污水处理领域具有一定的应用前景。     

磷酸活化工艺条件对活性炭性质的影响

探讨了磷酸浓度、浸渍比、活化温度三个主要工艺参数对活性炭性质的影响。结果表明磷酸浓度、浸渍比和炭活化温度对磷酸活化法活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝脱色力和焦糖脱色力都有影响:浸渍比(纯磷酸与绝干原料质量之比) 的影响最显著,但1.5:1之后影响不大;磷酸浓度对活性炭的碘吸附值影响显著,对亚甲基蓝脱色力的影响次之,而对焦糖脱色力的影响很小;炭活化温度对碘吸附值和焦糖脱色力的影响随磷酸浓度和浸渍比的不同而有较大的差异,但在不同的磷酸浓度和浸渍比的情况下炭活化温度的升高都提高亚甲基蓝脱色力。磷酸活化活性炭的孔隙结构能通过调整磷酸浓度、浸渍比和炭活化温度进行控制。     

Morinda lucida extract induces endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation of rat aorta

The effect of an aqueous extract of Morinda lucida (ML) on vascular tone was tested using rat aortic rings precontracted with noradrenaline (10(-7) mol/l). Relaxation responses were determined with endothelium-intact, L-NAME-treated, methylene blue-treated and endothelium-denuded tissues. In the concentration range of 0.25-9.0 mg/ml, ML elicited vasorelaxation in noradrenaline-precontracted rings. This relaxation response was partially attenuated by removal of the endothelium, and completely inhibited by pretreatment of rings with L-NAME and methylene blue. Thus, ML-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle occurs via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms, the former of which involves the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway.     

抗菌剂改性纤维素物料及其抗菌性能(Ⅰ)--抗菌剂吸附研究实验

对纤维素物与表面活性抗菌剂的吸附性能进行研究。抗菌剂系乙烯基吡咯烷酮与巴豆酸共聚物和二甲基苄基烷基氯化物的合成聚合物及其较低分子量的类聚物。确定纤维素物料对活性抗菌剂 可逆吸附作用，并且决定于初始溶液浓度。     

低甲醛释放量刨花板用脲醛树脂结构的研究(英文)

本文通过~(13)C NMR研究了脲醛树脂合成新工艺中不同反应阶段时的脲醛树脂的化学结构。研究结果表明脲醛树脂的化学结构主要受甲醛/尿素的摩尔比,pH值、反应温度和反应时间的影响。对脲醛树脂中主要的官能团:游离甲醛、亚甲基、亚甲基醚、Uron等相互关系也进行了研究。指出了生产低甲醛释放量,高力学性能刨花板用脲醛树脂中主要官能团的最佳含量。     

高温炭化法制备竹炭的研究

采用高温炭化法制备竹炭,探讨温度、保温时间和升温速率对竹炭吸附性能的影响,并通过N2吸附等温线对其孔隙结构进行表征。结果表明:随着温度提高、保温时间延长,竹炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值呈现逐步增长的趋势;升温速率的提高,促进了炭素前驱体石墨化程度的提高,不利于竹炭孔隙结构的发达;高温炭化法可以制得微孔、中孔、大孔较发达的竹炭。在较佳的实验条件下,高温炭化法可制得亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为280 mg.g-1和947.3 mg.g-1的竹炭。     

原料粒径与含水率对磷酸法活性炭性能的影响

以核桃壳和杏壳为原料,采用磷酸法制备活性炭,以亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值和得率为指标,研究了原料粒径和含水率对磷酸法活性炭性能的影响。结果表明:原料的粒径和含水率对活性炭的吸附性能有重要影响,在一定范围内减小原料粒径,对提高活性炭吸附性能有利,而原料含水率对活性炭吸附性能的影响因不同原料而异。增加原料含水率,对核桃壳活性炭吸附性能的提高有利,但会降低小粒径杏壳活性炭的吸附性能。以核桃壳为原料制备活性炭时,选择粒径0.5~0.7 mm、含水率11%的原料为佳,得率可达41%,亚甲基蓝吸附值230 mg/g,碘吸附值874 mg/g;以杏壳为原料制备活性炭时,选择粒径0.7~1.2 mm、烘干的原料为佳,得率可达42%,亚甲基蓝吸附值87 mg/g,碘吸附值734 mg/g。     

左旋海松酸丁醇胺盐光敏氧化反应的研究

以亚甲基蓝为光敏剂,研究了左旋海松酸丁醇胺盐(简称ASL)在95%乙醇中的光敏氧化反应。结果表明,ASL经光敏氧化反应生成左旋海松酸环过氧化物丁醇胺盐(简称ASLP);由于溶解度低,小于1 g.(100 mL)-1,以及对含有碱性基团的亚甲基蓝的弱吸附作用,ASLP在反应过程自动结晶析出,分离与纯化方法简单易行;光敏剂、反应溶剂无需任何处理,可以直接回收使用。