Lensed plastic optical fiber with an aspherical fiber end formed by joining an aspherical plastic lens and a plastic optical fiber using laser transmission welding

In optical communication systems which require the coupling of the light source to the fiber, efficient coupling can be practically realized either using a separate lens or by direct formation of the lens at the fiber end. A novel lensed plastic optical fiber (LPOF) is presented with efficient coupling of the plastic optical fibers with a light source. An aspherical plastic lens was bound with a flattened plastic fiber end by laser transmission welding (LTW) to form an aspherical fiber endface which can provide better coupling efficiency than a spherical fiberface. An analysis demonstrates that LTW can offer strong welding with small heat affected zones that are appropriate for commercial use. In this study a useful method for manufacturing lensed-end fibers is developed and demonstrated experimentally.     

Lensed plastic optical fiber employing hyperbolic end filled with high-index resin using electrostatic force

The step-index (SI) and graded-index (GI) plastic optical fibers (POFs) are strong candidates for short-distance transmission, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks, automobile applications and interchip interconnections. The GI POFs which has been proven to reach distances as long as 1 km at 1.25 Gb/s has a relatively low NA. Therefore, the efficient coupling of GI POFs to the light source has become critical to the power budget in the system. Forming a lens-like structure directly on the fiber end is preferred for simplicity of fabrication and packaging, such as polishing and fusion, combing different fibers with the cascaded fiber method and hydroflouride (HF) chemical etching. These approaches are well established, but applicable only to glass. This work proposes a novel structure of a lensed plastic optical fiber (LPOF). The fabrication of the LPOF is demonstrated and the coupling efficiency exceeds 72%.     

柱状楔形微透镜光纤与半导体激光器耦合效率研究

为了提高半导体激光器与光纤耦合的耦合效率和失配容忍度,提出了利用带柱状楔形微透镜的多模光纤与大功率单片式宽发射域半导体激光器进行耦合的新技术。采用光线追迹的方法,进行数值模拟。通过对光纤微透镜结构参数进行优化,得到了高达99%的理论耦合效率。同时,还在理论上讨论了耦合时在光线传输方向上的失配容忍度。在实验中,得到了最高为87.06%的耦合效率。     

光子晶体光纤端面研磨损伤的分析

对光子晶体光纤的端面研磨过程进行研究,讨论了光子晶体光纤端面研磨损伤的特点。针对光子晶体光纤的结构特点,应用有限元法建立了数值仿真模型。通过单一磨粒切削孔壁的仿真实验,分析了不同切削深度下裂纹损伤的产生情况以及不同磨粒直径对光纤孔壁结构造成的损伤。最后通过实际研磨实验验证了分析结果。结果表明:有限元法能够很好地模拟光子晶体光纤的端面研磨过程;研磨过程中,相对于非孔洞区域,孔壁边缘更容易出现损伤,呈现出沿圆周分布的崩塌区域;边缘崩塌区域尺寸随磨粒直径的增加而增加。实验用光子晶体光纤孔壁边缘无崩塌的最大切削深度低于普通光纤脆塑转变的临界切削深度,使用0.02μm的砂纸进行抛光可以有效地避免对光子晶体光纤孔壁造成损伤。     

Interference of selective higher-order modes in optical fibers

1IntroductionIn recent years,multimode interference(MMI)effectsin integrated optics have attracted enormous research atten-tion and MMI-based devices with various functionalities,in-cluding directional couplers,powersplitters,sensors,modu-lators,bistable lasers,and optical switches,have been dem-onstrated[1-4].The obvious advantages of the MMI-based de-vices are their compact size,large fabrication tolerance,andlow-cost.MMI is becoming a promising technique in opticalcommutations,optical s…     

Effect of thermal properties on laser cutting of continuous glass and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 composites

The single mode fiber laser cutting of two types of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (TPC) with polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix and a fiber content of 60 wt% was investigated: a glass fiber-reinforced composite (PA6/GF60) and a carbon fiber-reinforced composite (PA6/CF60). Preliminary, the thermal properties of the composites were analyzed to derive the cutting mechanisms. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed decomposition onset temperatures of 457.6°C for the PA6 matrix and 737.3°C for the carbon fibers, while no thermal decomposition of the glass fibers was detected up to 1,000°C. In consequence, the single mode fiber laser cutting of the PA6/GF60 composites required a significantly higher number of cutting cycles in conjunction with an increased heat affected zone (HAZ) as compared to the PA6/CF60 composites. Analysis of the HAZ and the mechanical properties of the laser cut composites by optical microscopy and uniaxial tensile testing showed an anisotropy and dependency on the laminate structure. However, the obtained mechanical properties of the laser cut composites were found comparable to their water jet cut counterparts.     

光纤端面研磨加工机理研究

给出了研磨光纤时的材料去除机理,选用粒度为微米及亚微米级的金刚石磨料砂纸,在研磨压力为0.48Mpa时,在KE-OFP-12型光纤连接器研磨机上对光纤端面进行了研磨实验.结果表明:光纤研磨加工的材料去除存在脆性断裂、半脆性半延性、延性等3种模式.材料去除模式主要取决于磨料的平均粒度,磨料粒度为3μm时,为脆性断裂到延性研磨的临界转换点.并从理论上对结果进行了分析,光纤以延性模式研磨加工时,光纤表面粗糙度Ra可达到纳米级,其表面看不到任何划痕,而光纤以脆性断裂模式研磨加工时,其表面粗糙度只能达到亚微米级,证明材料以延性模式去除是提高光纤表面质量的有效方法.     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺双包层光纤的高功率L-band 光纤激光器的实验研究

采用端面泵浦的方式,用尾纤输出波长为976 nm的高亮度多模半导体激光器, 包层泵浦的铒镱共掺双包层大模面积光纤,非球面镜组耦合系统,进行了共掺双包层光纤的高功率L-band光纤激光器的研究,泵浦耦合效率达到了62%以上,并在F-P激光振荡腔中实现了高效的连续激光输出。在光纤长度为30 m、入纤功率为 13.41 W时,首次报道输出连续功率达到了4.3 W。激光器的斜率效率为44％, 激光输出中心波长1 603 nm。     

Wavelength switchable and stable single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber laser based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer and tunable filter

An erbium-doped fiber laser with all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and tunable filter was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the designed fiber laser, 6?m C-band erbium-doped fiber was selected as a gain medium; the MZI comprised two waist-enlarged fiber bitapers. In the experiment, the laser threshold was 93?mW, whereas a switchable single-longitudinal-mode laser was realized within 1519.7–1564.6?nm by adjusting the tunable filter and the line interval was less than 2.5?nm; for single-wavelength laser, the peak power difference of each line was less than 4?dB, and the power fluctuation was less than 0.77?dB within 10-min scan time. A stable and switchable dual-wavelength laser was realized, the wavelength spacing of each dual-wavelength laser was less than 0.7?nm, the side-mode suppression ratio was more than 30.2?dB, and the power shift was less than 0.39?dB. The laser’s 3-dB linewidth was less than 0.1?nm.     

长周期光纤光栅及其在通信传感领域的新应用

长周期光纤光栅是一种新型光纤器件。介绍了长周期光纤光栅的耦合机理、制备方法以及应用。其耦合机理是前向传输的纤芯基模与前向传输的各阶包层模式之间的耦合。制备原理是对光纤横向曝光,使光纤的折射率指数在轴向发生周期性变化。阐明了长周期光纤光栅用于带通滤波、光上下路复用、光纤光源、光纤耦合、偏振器件、新型传感等新技术领域的思路,给出了具体实现方法。并通过与其他方案对比,说明了基于长周期光纤光栅器件的优点,肯定了长周期光纤光栅在通信传感领域的价值。     

高功率全光纤侧面抽运耦合器研究进展

本文回顾了高功率全光纤侧面抽运耦合器的研究进展,重点介绍了拉锥-熔合法制作的侧面抽运耦合器的基本原理、研究现状、面临挑战及解决方案。该方案可实现千瓦量级高抽运耦合效率高信号光通过率抽运/信号耦合器的制备,是高功率全光纤侧面抽运耦合器的主流方案。结合已报道的理论和实验结果,总结了该方案在制作工艺、损耗机理、性能提升等方面面临的挑战,提出了将侧面抽运耦合器引入级联抽运光纤激光器的方案,并将一种(2+1)×1侧面抽运耦合器成功应用于2.5kW输出的级联抽运掺镱光纤激光器中。结果表明,相比LD抽运,在级联抽运中,高亮度光纤激光作为抽运光源使耦合器在保证高抽运耦合效率的同时具有更高的功率承载能力。     

锥形光纤在空间光通信耦合系统中的应用

为了提高自由空间光通信的接收端耦合效率,将锥形光纤应用于光耦合,依据BPM算法的仿真结果使用熔融拉锥法制备了满足低损传输条件的锥形光纤。在实验上研究了锥形光纤和双锥形光纤模场传输特性。通过静态空间光-光纤耦合实验,对比了多/单模熔接光纤和锥形光纤光耦合效率和传输效率的差异,并研究了以上两种光纤结构耦合效率的横向偏移量容差。结果表明,锥形光纤的传输效率约为70%,具有低损传输特性、用于匹配后端单模光电子器件的良好滤波特性以及相比普通光纤更高的横向偏移量容差特性,因此可以广泛应用于自由空间光通信接收端光耦合、模式转换器等方面。     

基于CO2激光的微纳光纤熔接技术研究

为了解决微纳光纤之间的结构稳定性差的问题,使用CO_2激光作为加热源,加热两根重叠在一起的微纳光纤,并在显微镜下观察其熔接情况,最终将两根微纳光纤熔接成一根,而且熔接点的光纤表面光滑,直径均匀。通过CO_2激光加热的方法,实现了微纳光纤高质量的熔接,增加了微纳光纤之间的机械稳定性,使其更容易制作出纳米光子器件。     

High precision optical fiber alignment using tube laser bending

In this paper, we present a method to align optical fibers within 0.2 μm of the optimal position, using tube laser bending and in situ measuring of the coupling efficiency. For near-UV wavelengths, passive alignment of the fibers with respect to the waveguides on photonic integrated circuit chips does not suffice. In prior research, it was shown that permanent position adjustments to an optical fiber by tube laser bending meets the accuracy requirements for this application. This iterative alignment can be done after any assembly steps. A method was developed previously that selects the optimal laser power and laser spot position on the tube, to minimize the number of iterations required to reach the target position. In this paper, that method is extended to the case where the absolute position of the fiber tip cannot be measured. By exploiting the thermal expansion motion at a relatively low laser power, the fiber tip can be moved without permanent deformation (only elastic strain) of the tube. An algorithm has been developed to search for the optimal fiber position, by actively measuring and maximizing the coupling efficiency. This search is performed before each bending step. Experiments have shown that it is possible to align the fiber with an accuracy of 0.2 μm using this approach.     

Friction in textile fibers and its role in fiber processing

Textile fibers are characterized by many parameters, used by both researchers and industrial users. Many studies focus on the effect of fiber length, fineness, maturity (only for cotton), tensile properties, etc. on the properties of intermediate products and yarns. Contrary, few studies concerning the fiber surface properties, especially the inter-fiber friction, appear in the scientific literature. A new and simple device is designed and used in this. It enables the measurement of inter-fiber friction force during the dissociation of an ordinary sliver. Contrary to what has previously been mentioned in the scientific literature, the study of a set of different cottons shows that the inter-fiber friction seems to obey the Amontons’ law rather than a more complex power law model. The calculated inter-fiber friction coefficient helps to differentiate the different types of cotton and to bring to the fore the non-negligible effect of the friction on yarn irregularity and imperfections, affecting the yarn tenacity indirectly. Meanwhile, this work has revealed a curious grouping of different types of cotton, which is not observed before. This phenomenon is undoubtedly due to the surface properties of fibers.     

Characterization of infrared gas sensors employing hollow-core photonic crystal fibers

Infrared gas sensors employing hollow-core photonic crystal fibers are reported. A hollow-core photonic crystal fiber in the gas cell of the sensor was inserted between a single mode fiber and a multi-mode fiber in the light path. The gaps between the facets of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and single mode fiber were optimized to increase the coupling efficiency. The gas chambers were modified to reduce the time for filling. Broadband and laser sources were employed to determine acetylene at concentrations between 0% and 0.6%. The resolution was 0.084 ppm and the stability was 0.556%. These sensors have promising applications for trace gas measurements.     

连续Nd:YAG激光光纤耦合效率的实验

对0.6mm芯径3m长光纤输出100W连续Nd:YAG激光的光纤耦合效率进行了实验分析。围绕光纤耦合效率相关的量:激光模式、发散角、数值孔径、焦斑直径、精密光纤耦合器等问题进行了讨论;并给出实验结果:3m长光纤输出0～100W激光耦合效率典型值≥87%,最佳值为90%.     

高功率高耦合效率光纤模场匹配器

为了提高大模场面积光纤到单模光纤的耦合效率,利用加热扩芯的方法,对单模光纤进行了热扩芯处理,实现了大模场面积双包层光纤15/130μm到单模光纤6/125μm的模式匹配。对进行热扩芯处理的模场匹配器的传输损耗进行了理论分析;利用自行搭建的中心波长为1 064nm的激光光源分别测量了商用及自制的模场匹配器的传输损耗。实验结果表明:采用加热扩芯的方法极大地提高了大模场面积光纤到单模光纤的模场匹配器的模式耦合效率。与商用的模场匹配器相比,自制的模场匹配器具有更高的耦合效率和运行功率,其热处理能力更强,可靠性也更好,运行功率可以达到100W;在进行风冷的情况下,稳定工作时间累计为120min,最终可以获得73W的单模光输出,热处理能力为27W。模场匹配器性能的提高满足了高功率光纤元器件发展的需要,有利于实现光纤激光系统的全光纤化。     

Improved testing method for the compressive strength of single fiber

In this study, an improved method is developed to test the compressive strength of single fibers. Two improvements were carried out compared with the previous work, and they were composed of: (1) a skillful device for preparing the compression sample with the advantage of greatly saving time and highly efficiency; (2) an improved system for directly testing the single fiber’s compressive strength with high accuracy and repeatability. More than fifteen qualified samples were successfully prepared within two hour compared with even only one sample in a day for the poor manipulation accuracy of previous work. Compressive strength of single fiber was tested based on four kinds of PAN-based carbon fibers. Experimental results from the new method show great agreement with the data published, which prove the designed method and improved device is more applicable for testing the compressive strength of single fiber in the optimization of cost and efficiency.     

大屏幕激光显示系统中光纤混色技术的耦合过程分析

介绍了在大屏幕激光显示系统中光纤混色技术的原理，并且通过实验方法讨论了在激光和光纤耦合过程中透镜的选择、数值孔径的匹配、消色差组合透镜的作用、对入射光线的要求和光能的损失等问题，从而能提高激光经光纤混色后的光束成象质量。