半日潮流作用下悬移质泥沙的运动特征及其影响因素研究

本文通过建立一维水深平均悬沙模型,对典型潮流控制的水道内悬沙运动特征进行研究。模型以泥沙再悬浮、沉降和平流为主要物理过程,动力因素包含M₂、S₂分潮及余流,采用湄洲湾2007年8月潮位、潮流、悬沙、底质同步观测资料进行分析和验证。通过三角傅里叶分析,将悬沙的时间序列分解为12个主要的谐波分量,其中主要分量包括:M₂分潮作用下产生的具有M₂倍潮角速度的1/4日分潮项,M₂与S₂分潮共同作用下且角速度为两分潮角速度之和的1/4日分潮项,及水平悬沙梯度、余流与M₂分潮共同作用下具有M₂分潮角速度的半日潮项。悬沙在时间上的平均值受到余流、悬沙水平梯度、M₂分潮流及悬沙起动条件等因素控制。余流导致了悬沙序列中相邻周期之间的不对称性。反映泥沙特性的参量对悬沙的曲线特征具有重要影响,泥沙沉降速度影响悬沙的相位,并影响其振幅;再悬浮有关的参量仅影响各谐波分量的振幅,但不影响相位。     

广西钦州湾围垦工程对茅尾海潮汐动力参数的影响

北部湾茅尾海是中国南方重要的经济开发区,兴建有滨海新城和多个港口码头,近年来围垦开发严重。本研究通过建立二维水动力数值模型系统,分析重要潮汐动力参数,对比研究1985年与2020年间钦州湾围垦和港口建设对当地水动力环境的影响。结果表明：经过围填海和港口工程之后,茅尾海的潮差变化较小,略微增加了0.05 m左右;全日分潮K1、O1及半日分潮M2、S2是影响钦州湾潮汐动力较大的驱动力,围垦后在茅尾海内海地区都略微增加了0.02~0.03 m,其中K1、O1是影响茅尾海的关键潮汐动力参数,敏感性测试分析表明三墩公路建设、钦州港海岸围垦和核电厂导堤建设对茅尾海潮差增加贡献率大致占60%、20%和10%;同时,围垦对束窄钦州湾航道具有一定的优化效应,围垦后钦州湾外湾三条水道峰值通量都明显增加,形成航道束水攻沙效果,对通航和维护主航道稳定性具有一定优势。因此,仅从潮汐动力参数变化角度分析,目前的围垦和港口工程迎合了当地河势特征,对潮汐动力场扰动较小,具有优化局部水动力场环境和提升通航安全性作用。     

江苏海岸中部近岸冬季潮汐和潮流特征

南黄海西侧的江苏海岸近岸区域,素以地形复杂、潮流强劲、悬沙输运剧烈著称,但是较长期的同步潮位和潮流观测数据仍然缺乏,尤其是在近岸(20 km)浅水(20 m)区域。2014年1月在大丰港附近开展了连续潮位和潮流观测,获得的数据揭示了一系列特征。此地潮汐潮流为正规半日潮,浅水分潮显著。平均潮差为3.05 m,最显著的两个分潮为M2和S2分潮,振幅分别为1.45 m和0.52 m。潮流最显著的半日分潮M2分潮和最显著的浅水分潮M4分潮在沿岸方向上振幅分别为0.84m/s和0.12m/s,在跨岸方向上振幅分别为0.24 m/s和0.01 m/s,沿岸方向占绝对优势。潮波的沿岸传播介于前进波和驻波之间,驻波的特征稍强。M2分潮潮流椭圆最大流(长轴)方向为南偏东7.4°。存在冬季沿岸向北的余流,垂向平均值的大小为2.2 cm/s。以上潮汐潮流特征为该区域海洋物质输运研究提供了基础资料。     

楚科奇海夏季潮流和余流观测研究

根据2008年8月5日至9月7日在楚科奇海布放的一套锚碇潜标观测系统(71°40.024′N,167°58.910′W)获得的海流剖面资料研究了该海区的海流分布特征,重点探讨了潮流的垂向结构、余流剖面特征及海流的斜压性.结果表明:(1)该海域主要分潮为半日潮M1,S2和N2,近日分潮O1,天文分潮MM和MSF,其中以M...     

Long-term ferry-ADCP observations of tidal currents in the Marsdiep inlet

A unique, five-year long data set of ferry-mounted ADCP measurements in the Marsdiep inlet, the Netherlands, obtained between 1998 and 2003, is presented. A least-squares harmonic analysis was applied to the water transport, (depth-averaged) currents, and water level to study the contribution of the tides. With 144 tidal constituents, maximally 98% of the variance in the water transport and streamwise currents is explained by the tides, whereas for the stream-normal currents this is maximally 50%. The most important constituent is the semi-diurnal M₂ constituent, which is modulated by the second-largest S₂ constituent (about 27% of M₂). Compound and overtides, such as 2MS₂, 2MN₂, M₄, and M₆, are important in the inlet. Due to interaction of M₂ with its quarter-diurnal overtide M₄, the tidal asymmetry in the southern two thirds of the inlet is flood dominant. The amplitudes of all non-astronomic constituents are largest during spring tides, strongly distorting the water level and velocity curves. The M₂ water transport is 40° ahead in phase compared to the M₂ water level, reflecting the progressive character of the tidal wave in the inlet. The currents are strongly rectilinear and they are sheared vertically and horizontally, with the highest currents at the surface above the deepest part of the inlet. During spring tides, near-surface currents can be as large as 1.8 m s^− 1. Due to the relative importance of inertia compared to friction, the M₂ currents near the centre (surface) lag maximal 20° (3°) in phase with the currents near the sides (bottom). The tidal-mean currents are directed into the basin in the shallower channel to the south and out of the basin in the deeper channel to the north.     

基于船载ADCP观测对罗源湾湾口断面潮流及余流的分析

基于对罗源湾可门水道的25 h连续走航ADCP观测,成功构建了沿走航断面共12个站位的连续海流时间序列,并对这些站位的潮流、余流以及潮通量等进行了分析。结果表明可门水道内的潮流为正规半日潮流,驻波性质明显,涨潮首先出现在水道中下层而退潮则首先发生在水道上层。水道内的潮流为往复流,水道南部M₂分潮流流速较大,并且其倾角自北向南逐渐增加。此外,水道两端的浅水区域内浅水分潮M₄振幅较显著。可门水道内余流呈现出两层结构,20 m以浅余流沿东北向流出海湾,并且出流的核心位置偏南,而20 m以深的余流沿西南向流入湾内,入流的流核位于偏北的近底层区域。对潮通量的积分计算表明通过可门水道进入罗源湾的潮通量约为4.81×108 m3。     

Three-dimensional modeling of tidal circulation and mixing over the Java Sea

A combination of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and in-situ measurements provides the structures of barotropic tides, tidal circulation and their relationship with turbulent mixing in the Java Sea, which allow us to understand the impact of the tides on material distribution. The model retains high horizontal and vertical resolutions and is forced by the boundary conditions taken from a global model. The measurements are composed of the sea level at coastal stations and currents at moorings embedded in Seawatch buoys, in addition to hydrographic data. The simulated tidal elevations are in good agreement with the data for the K₁ and M₂ constituents. The K₁ tide clearly shows the lowest mode resonance in the Java Sea with intensification around the nodal point in the central region. The M₂ tide is secondary and propagates westward from the eastern open boundary, along with a counterclockwise amphidromic point in the western part. The K₁ tide produces a major component of tidal energy, which flows westward and dissipates through the node region near the Karimata Strait. Meanwhile, the M₂ tide dissipates in the entire Java Sea. However, the residual currents are mainly induced by the M₂ tide, which flows westward following the M₂ tidal wave propagation. The tidal mixing is mainly caused by K₁ tide which peaks at the central region and is consistent with the uniform temperature and salinity along the vertical dimension. This mixing is expected to play an important role in the vertical exchange of nutrients and control of biological productivity.     

渤海潮流及湖余流的数值计算

渤海是我国重点保护水系之一。为了控制水域污染,制定废水排海标准,首要步骤须查明入海污染物质的扩散过程。在渤海,潮流是形成污染扩散的主要营力之一,为此首先计算渤海的潮流及潮余流场。近二十年来,随着电子计算机的迅速发展和计算技术的进步,潮汐动力学进入了数值研究的新阶段。这一新方向的特点,是以求解自然条件下长波方程的初值——边值问题为出发点,研究以往所不能解决的许多复杂现象。     

胶州湾水交换及湾口潮余流特征的数值研究

利用基于普林斯顿海洋模式建立的胶州湾及临近海域潮汐潮流数值模型,结合胶州湾口走航式声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP)测流资料,研究了胶州湾口的潮(余)流特征,并在潮流模型的基础上耦合建立了水质模块,模拟了胶州湾的水交换过程。考虑M2,S2,K1,O1,M4和MS4六个主要分潮,胶州湾口潮流场的模拟与ADCP观测数据吻合较好。外湾口水道上的潮流非常强,大潮期间观测到201 cm/s的峰值流速。团岛岬角的两侧分别存在一个流向相反的余流涡旋,两涡旋在团岛附近辐合,形成了57 cm/s的离岸强余流。整个胶州湾平均水体存留时间为71 d,平均半交换时间为25 d。胶州湾水体交换能力在空间分布上有很大差异:湾口海域最强,向湾顶逐渐减弱。湾内存在两个弱交换区,分别位于湾的西-西南部和东北端,水体存留时间多超过80 d,湾西局部水域最长达120 d,而半交换时间也大多超过40 d。潮流场的结构、强度,以及与湾口距离的远近是造成湾内水交换能力空间差异的主要原因。     

Tidal Currents in the Tsushima Straits Estimated from ADCP Data by Ferryboat

Tidal currents in the Tsushima Straits have been analyzed using measurements obtained since February 1997 by an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on the ferryboat Camellia. Tidal current constituents (M ₂, S ₂, K ₁, O ₁) are dominant among the ten tidal current constituents (Q ₁, O ₁, P ₁, K ₁, N ₂, M ₂, S ₂, K ₂, MSf, Mf), and generally 1.4–2.1 times stronger at the western channel of the straits than those at the eastern channel. The ratio between amplitude of M ₂, S ₂, K ₁ and O ₁ averaged along the ferryboat track is 1:0.45:0.59:0.51. The major axis directions of tidal current ellipses are generally SW to NE, exceptionally in the vicinity of the Tsushima Islands. Approaching the Tsushima Islands from the Korean Peninsula side, the major axis gradually rotates clockwise. At the western channel, the M ₂ and K ₁ constituents change the rotation direction of current vectors from clockwise to counterclockwise at about 90–130 m depth. The contributions of the tidal currents to the mean kinetic energy and the mean eddy kinetic energy along the ferryboat track are, on average, 0.56 and 0.71, respectively. This suggests that tidal current activities are generally more dominant than the mean current activities and much more dominant than eddy activities. The only region where the eddy activities are comparable to the tidal current activities is located on the east side of the Tsushima Islands. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

2016下半年安达曼海潮、余流观测分析

The characteristics of currents and tidal currents in the Andaman Sea(AS) are studied during the second half of2016 using observed data from a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) deployed at 8.6°N, 95.6°E.During the observation period, the mean flow is 5–10 cm/s and largely southward. The root mean square and kinetic energies of the low and high frequency flows, which are divided by a cutoff period of 5 d, are at the same level, indicating their identical importance to the total current. A power spectrum analysis shows that intraseasonal oscillations, a tidal-related semilunar month signal, a semidiurnal tidal signal and periods of 3–4 d are prominent. The barocliny of an eddy kinetic energy is stronger than the mean kinetic energy, both of which are the strongest on the bottom and the weakest at 70 m depth. Residual currents are largely southward(northward) during the summer(winter) monsoon season. Two striking peaks of the southward flow cause the 80 d period of meridional currents. The first peak is part of a large-scale circulation, which enters the AS through the northern channel and exits through the southern channel, and the second peak is part of a local vortex. The 40 d oscillation of the zonal current is forced by geostrophic variations attributed to local and equatorial remote forcing. The tidal current is dominated by semidiurnal constituents, and among these, M2 and N2 are the top two largest major axes. Moreover, astronomical tidal constituents MM and MSF are also significant. Diurnal constituents are weak and shallow water tides are ignorable. The aims are to introduce the new current data observed in the AS and to provide initial insights for the tidal and residual currents in the Andaman Sea.     

Numerical modelling of the tide-induced residual current in the East China Sea

-A two-dimensional.nonlinear numerical model is used to study the residual current generated by tides in the East China Sea (ECS)and the South Huanghai Sea (SHS). At first, the principal semidiurnal lunar tide (M2)and the tidal current are derived in these areas. The results obtained with the model are strongly supported by the observational results available. Then, the tide-induced residual flow is determined by using the currents generated by the tidal input. The main features of the residual current in ECS and SHS are presented by analyzing the calculated results. Some of the problems are discussed such as the cause of generating residual current and the contribution of the residual current to the observed current.     

秦皇岛海域海流特征及规模化养殖对其影响的观测研究

秦皇岛海域是辽东湾与渤海中部及渤海湾进行物质和能量交换的重要通道。本文基于海床基观测平台获取的夏秋季海流连续观测资料,运用调和分析和滤波等方法对该海域的海流特征及其对规模化养殖的响应进行了研究。结果表明:秦皇岛海域最显著的潮流是M₂分潮流,其最大流速介于20.0~36.9 cm/s之间,远小于辽东湾东部海域M₂分潮流最大流速;秋季秦皇岛海域余流流速介于0.2~2.5 cm/s之间,整体上较辽东湾东侧海域余流弱,辽东湾底层可能存在逆时针的弱环流系统;夏季秦皇岛海域M₂和K₁分潮流的最大流速均大于秋季;养殖活动对余流影响较大,养殖区中部A7、A8站余流的垂向平均流速比养殖区边缘A6站分别减小76%和18%左右。     

基于FVCOM的泉州湾海域三维潮汐与潮流数值模拟

基于FVCOM海洋数值模式,采用非结构的三角形网格和有限体积法,建立了泉州湾海域高分辨率(26 m)的三维潮汐、潮流数值模型。模拟结果同2个验潮站和3个连续测流站的观测资料符合良好,较好地反映了泉州湾内潮汐、潮流运动的变化状况和分布特征,给出了M₂、S₂、K₁、O₁ 4个主要分潮的同潮图、表层潮流椭圆分布,以及模拟区域内最大可能潮差、表层最大可能潮流流速和潮余流分布。分析表明,4个分潮的最大潮汐振幅和迟角差分别为219 cm和19°,85 cm和25°,26 cm和12°,26 cm和9°;石湖港以东海域的潮波为逆时针旋转的驻波,以西海域为前进波;最大可能潮差由湾口的8.0m向湾内增加至8.8 m。湾内潮流类型为规则半日潮流,落潮最大流速大于涨潮最大流速,北乌礁水道为强流区,表层最大可能潮流流速为2.4 m/s;湾口潮流运动以逆时针方向的旋转流形式为主,湾内的潮流运动以往复流形式为主,长轴走向主要沿着水道方向,与等深线和海岸线平行;四个分潮流表层最大流速分别为1.4 m/s,0.58 m/s,0.12 m/s,0.10 m/s。余流流速大小与潮流强弱有密切的联系,表、中、底层最大余流流速分别为26 cm/s,20 cm/s,16 cm/s,三者在水平方向基本呈北进南出的分布形态。     

An analysis and interpretation of the current data collected in the strait of Juan de Fuca in 1973

Abstract

We evaluate a set of current measurements done in a section of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The flow is of estuarine character, the upper layer flow usually being directed seaward. The RMS value of steady current exceeds its mean value appreciably in the upper layer; it also exceeds the mean near the bottom. The near‐surface currents do change their direction on occasions and can run landward for over five consecutive days, especially in the southern part of the channel. The lower layer flow (landward) and the upper layer flow (seaward) varied in magnitude from 90 to 160 thousand m³/sec, and their fluctuations were in phase; their difference, the net flow, is of the order of 5% to 10% of these flows and could not be calculated with any confidence. Tidal motion is barotropic in the section, with some deformation in the vertical caused by bottom friction and internal stresses. The M₂ tide in the system Juan de Fuca‐Georgia Strait can be represented by a standing Kelvin wave influenced by friction. The K₁ tide can also be represented by a standing Kelvin wave if some leakage is allowed in the northern end of Georgia Strait. Topographic effects mask the Coriolis influence on the intensity of tidal currents.     

舟山群岛海域冬季流场特征研究

中街山列岛国家级海洋牧场位于中国浙江省舟山市舟山群岛海域,其建设有利于促进当地渔业发展,保护该海域生态环境。基于中街山列岛国家级海洋牧场附近两个站点2020年10月21日至2021年2月28日期间的海流观测资料,利用调和分析、合成分析等方法,研究了舟山群岛海域冬季流场的时空变化特征及其影响机制。研究结果表明,两站点处潮流均为正规半日潮,以M2和S2占主,各主要分潮潮流均为往复流;潮流、余流流向均为西北-东南流向,与站点所处的狭窄水道主轴方向一致,说明地形因素影响明显;同时,观测站点处水体的垂向平均动量平衡分析表明,在沿水道主轴方向上,余流受盛行风场控制,风场转向会导致余流转向,而在垂直于水道主轴方向上,由于受水道两侧岸线的支撑作用,水体在近岸堆积,故在该方向上主要为正压梯度力与科氏力的平衡,反应了地形对流场特征的影响。研究成果揭示了舟山群岛海域冬季的流场特征及其主要影响机制,对实现此海域内海洋牧场的精细化管理具有指导意义。     

基于长期观测的辽东湾口东部海域水动力特征研究

辽东湾口东部海域是辽东湾与渤海中部进行物质和能量交换的主要通道之一。本文利用坐底式海床基平台获取的近8个月的水动力连续观测资料,通过谱分析和调和分析方法对该海域的潮汐、潮流特征进行分析,并讨论了余流及底层温度的季节变化规律。研究结果表明:该海域潮汐属于不规则半日潮,平均潮差为0.95 m,最大可能潮差为2.27 m。潮流属于不规则半日潮流,M₂分潮流为其优势分潮流。主要分潮流运动形式为往复流,最大流速方向为西南-东北向。余流的季节性特征较为明显:秋季,余流流速在中层达到最大,流向以西南向为主;冬季,余流流速垂向变化较小,并呈西南偏西向流动;春季,流速随深度增加而减小,流向从表层至底层呈现逆时针旋转的特征。受底层潮流、水平温度梯度及海面温度日变化的影响,底层温度表现出短期的高频变化特征:秋季,短期振荡以半日周期信号为主;冬季,全日周期信号较为显著;春季,短期振荡的现象较弱。     

Numerical modelling of Lagrangian residual current in the Bohai Strait

The Bohai Strait is the only passage-way of the semienclosed Bohai Sea into the outer ocean. The various dynamical processes have great effects on both sides of the strait, especially on the Bohai Sea. Tidal current dominates in the strait, and among the tida! components the M, component tide is prevailing.The seawater in the strait is homogeneous vertically almost the whole year because of strong tidal mixing. The M, component tide was simulated numerically using two dimensional barotropical model, and the Eulerian tide-induced residual currents were also deduced. The results showed that the tidal currents were dominated by the coastal line and topography. There exist many eddies in the tide-induced residual current fields, particularly near the northern coast.On the basis of the simulation of the tidal currents, the movements of the water particles in the strait were tracked by means of Lagrangian techniques. Consequently the Lagrangian residual currents were obtained. Somewhat similar to the Eulerian     

Numerical studies of upwelling in coastalareas of the East China Sea——Ⅰ The tide-induced upwelling

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