The effect of recycling number on the mechanical,chemical, thermal,and rheological properties of PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends: With and without glass‐fiber

The recycling possibilities of poly(butylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PBT/PC/ABS) ternary blend with and without glass‐fiber content were investigated using repeated injection molding process. In this study, PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends were reprocessed at five times and the results were presented after each recycling process. The recycling possibility of PBT/PC/ABS ternary blend was evaluated by measuring the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and rheological properties. Mechanical properties were determined by the tensile strength, yield strength, strain at break, elastic modulus, impact strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. Chemical and thermal properties were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Rheological properties of the ternary blends were studied by melt flow index measurement. From the results, it was found that mechanical properties of recycled composites were better than virgin PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2074–2084, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Short glass fiber reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: Processing and characterization

In this study acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) terpolymer was reinforced with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS)‐treated short glass fibers (SGFs). The effects of SGF concentration and extrusion process conditions, such as the screw speed and barrel temperature profile, on the mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Increasing the SGF concentration in the ABS matrix from 10 wt% to 30 wt% resulted in improved tensile strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus, but drastically lowered the strain‐at‐break and the impact strength. The average fiber length decreased when the concentration of glass fibers increased. The increase in screw speed decreased the average fiber length, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength were affected negatively and the strain‐at‐break was affected positively. The increase in extrusion temperature decreased the fiber length degradation, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased. At higher temperatures the ABS matrix degraded and the mechanical strength of the composites decreased. To obtain a strong interaction at the interface, polyamide‐6 (PA6) at varying concentrations was introduced into the ABS/30 wt% SGF composite. The incorporation and increasing amount of PA6 in the composites broadened the fiber length distribution (FLD) owing to the low melt viscosity of PA6. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength values increased with an increase in the PA6 content of the ABS/PA6/SGF systems due to the improved adhesion at the interface, which was confirmed by the ratio of tensile strength to flexural strength as an adhesion parameter. These results were also supported by scanning electron micrographs of the ABS/PA6/SGF composites, which exhibited an improved adhesion between the SGFs and the ABS/PA6 matrix. POLYM. COMPOS. 26:745–755, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PA6/ABS共混物性能研究

将聚酰胺6（PA6）与市售的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）树脂共混,制备PA6/ABS共混物。研究了ABS树脂的用量对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响;采用苯乙烯及丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）和ABS粉料熔融共混制得不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物。研究了不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响。在PA6/ABS/SAN共混物中引入苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐共聚（SAM）树脂取代部分SAN树脂,研究了SAM树脂的加入及引入顺序的不同对共混物性能的影响。结果表明, ABS树脂的用量在50%～60%左右时共混物性能最佳。随ABS/SAN共混物胶含量提高,共混物的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量逐渐降低。随SAM树脂替代SAN量增加,共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能先降低后增加。但共混物熔体流动速率降低明显,而SAM树脂的引入顺序对共混物的力学性能影响不大。     

十八烷基缩水甘油醚的合成及其增容尼龙6/高密度聚乙烯共混体系的研究

利用十八醇和环氧氯丙烷反应合成了十八烷基缩水甘油醚(OGE),并将其作为熔融共混方法中的增容剂,制备了尼龙6(PA6)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混材料。研究了OGE用量对共混物的热性能、结晶行为、形态结构、力学性能及吸水性的影响。结果表明,OGE促进了HDPE在PA6基体中的分散,在保持共混材料吸水率的同时,有效改善了共混物的力学性能,与未加入增容剂的PA6/HDPE共混物相比,OGE含量为2.9%(m/m)时,共混材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度分别提高了12%、33%、95%、6%,拉伸强度基本保持不变,而弯曲模量下降了8%。     

超韧PA6/ABS合金的制备

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐（SMA）共聚物为增容剂，考察了ABS及SMA的含量对PA6／ABS共混体系的力学性能的影响；并利用SEM研究了PA6／ABS冲击断面的相结构。研究表明：SMA是PA6／ABS共混体系的有效增容剂。随着其含量的增加，分散相ABS粒子的尺寸减小，分散更加均匀，能显著地改善PA6／ABS共混物的冲击、拉伸和弯曲性能。在该共混体系中，ABS含量的增加能够大幅度地提高PA6／ABS共混物的冲击韧性；但当ABS含量超过10％时，将使PA6／ABS共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能明显下降。SMA的添加量为0．5％，且质量比为90／10的PA6／ABS共混体系能保持较好的加工性能，制备的PA6／ABS合金具有最佳的综合力学性能和超高韧性．Izod缺口冲击强度高达1200J／m。     

Influence of Recycled ABS Added to Virgin Polymers on the Physical,Mechanical Properties and Molding Characteristics

Reuse of recycled polymers is steadily increasing. In this study, two different ABS virgin materials are considered. Then, blends of varying proportions of ABS recycled resins (0–50%), obtained from the gate and runner materials of products, was added to virgin resin to investigate the effect of various compositions of virgin ABS and recycled polymers on the physical and mechanical properties of the final blend. Three different rib and closure organization of boss of the reinforcement structures were designed and injection molded under blends of varying proportions of the ABS recycled resins to do the torsion test by Air-Torsion tools. In addition, molding characteristics were also examined. The results show that there is no obvious effect of recycled ABS percentage (by weight) on the tensile strength, elongation at yield, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. However, the torsion strength for rib and closure organization of boss of the reinforcement structures decrease with increasing recycled ABS weight percentage. On the other hand, hardness, glass transition temperature, and melting flow index of recycled ABS increase with as the percentage (by weight) of recycled material increase. The impact strength was found to vary with the recycled ABS loading. The injection pressure decreases with increasing the content of recycled resin under some specified molding conditions.     

PA6/TLCP/POE-g-MAH原位复合材料的制备与性能

尼龙6(PA6)虽有很多优良的性能,但由于它具有强极性的特点,使其吸水率高,尺寸稳定性和电性能差.同时,由于PA6材料在干态和低温下脆性大、冲击强度差,导致材料使用寿命缩短,这些缺陷都极大地限制了它的应用.本研究采用液晶聚合物(TLCP)对PA6进行改性,使其在加工过程中形成原位复合材料,同时为了改善液晶聚合物与PA6...     

EBA-g-MAH共聚物增容PA6/ABS共混体系的聚集态结构与性能

通过熔融共混法制备了EBA-g-MAH增容PA6/ABS共混物,采用FTIR、SEM、DSC等测试了EBA-g-MAH对PA6/ABS共混物的增容作用;并讨论了EBA-g-MAH对PA6/ABS共混物的结晶性、力学性能及吸水率的影响。研究结果表明:EBA-g-MAH与PA6发生化学反应所生成的接枝物对PA6/ABS共混物有较好的增容作用,使分散相尺寸明显减小;PA6/ABS共混物的冲击强度得到很大的提高,比纯PA6提高430%,吸水性也得到改善,但是拉伸强度有所降低。DSC研究表明:EBA-g-MAH的加入抑制了PA6/ABS共混物中PA6的结晶,使PA6结晶度降低。     

Characterization of PA6/EPDM-g-MA/HDPE ternary blends: The role of core-shell structure

In this work, the relationship between properties and morphologies of PA6/EPDM-g-MA/HDPE ternary blends was studied. Two processing methods (one- and two-step methods) were applied to prepare the PA6/EPDM-g-MA/HDPE ternary blends. The dependence of the phase morphology on interfacial interaction and processing method was discussed here. It was found that core-shell morphology (core: HDPE, shell: EPDM-g-MA in PA6 matrix) appeared in PA6/EPDM-g-MA/HDPE ternary blends, and in comparison to the blend prepared by one-step method, the core-shell morphology with thicker EPDM-g-MA shell appeared in the blend prepared by two-step method. In this case, a super toughened PA6 ternary blends with the Izod impact strength of 72.51 kJ/m² which is 4–5 times higher than PA6/EPDM-g-MA binary blend and 9–10 times higher than pure PA6 could be achieved. Moreover, the rheological results indicated that the storage modulus of ternary blends was heavily dependent on the phase morphology. The core-shell structure with thicker EPDM-g-MA shell would weaken the contribution of interfacial energy to the storage modulus of ternary blends.     

高性能PA6/ABS合金的研制

分别以接枝ABS、苯乙烯-马来酸酐接枝物（SMA）和苯基马来酰亚胺共聚物为相容剂,考察了它们对PA6/ABS共混体系相容性和力学性能的影响。并研究了PA6/ABS共混体系中PA6、ABS树脂的选择对共混物冲击韧性的影响。研究表明,接枝ABS、SMA和苯基马来酰亚胺共聚物都是PA6/ABS共混体系的有效增容剂,能显著改善PA6/ABS共混物的相容性并提高共混物的机械力学性能。选用高粘度的PA6树脂有利于提高共混体系的冲击韧性,提高高胶含量ABS用量有助于获得高低温冲击性能优异的PA6/ABS合金材料。     

Mechanical properties of blends of nylon with chemically modified ABS

Tensile, flexural and impact properties were measured of a heterogeneous polymer blend system, consisting of nylon 6 and a chemically modified ABS (MABS). It was found from the tensile tests that nylon-richer blends show yielding behaviour and nylon-leaner blends show necking behaviour. The addition of MABS increases the modulus, whereas the tensile strength and percentage elongation at break decrease and go through a minimum. The impact strength is increased to a maximum of approximately three times when 20 wt% of MABS is added to nylon 6. In order to interpolate the mechanical properties observed, empirical equations are given which are found to describe the experimental data rather well. Photomicrographs were taken of the tensile fractured surfaces using a scanning electron microscope.     

ABS及PS-g-GMA对回收PET的改性研究

以回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇(酯rPET)为基体材料,丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚(物ABS)为增强材料,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚苯乙烯(PS-g-GMA)为增容剂,制备了rPET/ABS共混物。采用SEM、DSC等方法对共混物的形态结构、结晶性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:与纯rPET相比,ABS增韧后的rPET缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了54.0%和47.2%,弯曲强度和拉伸强度略有下降,熔融温度下降了1.27℃,结晶温度升高了31.22℃,结晶速度明显加快;PS-g-GMA的加入改善了rPET/ABS共混物的两相界面结合力,细化了两相结构;与纯rPET相比,含1%PS-g-GMA的rPET/PS-g-GMA/ABS共混物的缺口冲击强度提高了72.5%断,裂伸长率提高了71.7%。     

有机蒙脱土对PA6/PP合金体系的作用机制及其对材料性能的影响

研究了有机蒙脱土对PA6/PP合金体系的作用机制及其对材料性能的影响。结果表明,OMMT的添加可以提高体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量,但冲击强度会有某种程度的下降;OMMT主要分散在PA6连续相中,且当其添加量质量份数低于5%时,可以在PA6相中实现较充分的剥离;OMMT对PA6/PP合金体系有着显著的增容作用,这可能和片层对PP分散相凝聚时的阻隔,以及片层所起到的类似接枝物的增容作用有关;OMMT在PA6基体中被充分剥离后,将有利于使复合体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度得到提高,但OMMT片层及和片层有关的类似接枝物的存在,将束缚并限制界面层附近PP相的屈服,而使材料冲击韧性下降。     

聚苯醚接枝马来酸酐/聚酰胺66共混物的制备与性能

通过辐照法将马来酸酐(MAH)基团接枝到聚苯醚(PPE)上,制备了PPE-g-MAH,将其和聚酰胺(PA)66通过熔融共混挤出方法制备了PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物。采用差示扫描量热、吸水性实验、维卡软化和热变形实验、拉伸和冲击性能测试及动态力学性能测试等对PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物性能进行了研究。结果表明,与PPE/PA66共混物相比,PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物的耐热性能、力学性能和吸水性能均得到改善;随PPE-g-MAH含量的增加,PPE-g-MAH/PA66共混物中PA66的熔融温度和玻璃化转变温度均向PPE方向移动,表明两者的相容性有所提升,且共混物的维卡软化温度、热变形温度、25℃之前的储能模量均升高,吸水率降低;当PPE-g-MAH含量较低时,共混物拉伸强度提升明显而冲击强度升幅较小,当PPE-g-MAH含量较高时,共混物冲击强度提升明显而拉伸强度基本不变。因此,可以根据实际的应用要求选择合适的PPE-g-MAH含量。     

PA6/ABS合金的研制

以POE-g-MAH为增容剂,应用双螺杆挤出机制备通过熔融共混法制备了PA6/ABS合金,研究了ABS树脂的用量对合金的力学性能的影响。结果表明:在POE-g-MAH存在的条件下,随着ABS用量增大,共混物的拉伸强度逐渐增大,简支梁缺口冲击强度则逐渐减小,而无缺口冲击强度先减小后增大。在混和体系中,POE-g-MAH具有增容和增韧的双重作用。     

ABS高胶粉对ABS/PET/SMA合金的增韧研究

采用ABS高胶粉(ABSHR)对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/苯乙烯-g-马来酸酐(SMA)合金进行增韧改性;探讨了ABSHR对合金体系的力学性能、耐热性和流变性能的影响;同时采用扫描电镜(SEM)对其断面形态进行表征。研究结果表明:ABSHR可以显著提高ABS/PET/SMA合金的冲击强度和断裂伸长率。当ABSHR加入量为20份时,冲击强度从7.7kJ/m2提高到17.6kJ/m2,断裂伸长率从24.6%提高到60.2%;而体系的拉伸强度和弯曲强度有不同程度的降低;维卡软化温度随着ABSHR的增加而逐渐降低;ABSHR增韧体系的剪切黏度和假塑性均得到提高。未增韧的合金断面较平整;而增韧的合金断面产生大量橡胶撕裂带,并伴有应力发白现象。     

Hot melt adhesive properties of PA/TPU blends compatibilized by EVA-g-MAH

A new copolyamide (PA52) with good adhesion to aluminum (Al) sheets was synthesized from caprolactam, nylon 66 salt, nylon 1010 salt, and stearic acid, and a series of PA52/TPU blends compatibilized by maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA-g-MAH) were prepared for use as hot melt adhesives. In the ternary blends (PA52/EVA-g-MAH/TPU), the weight ratio of PA52 to TPU was kept constant at 50/50 and the amount of EVA-g-MAH was varied at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt% over the total weight of the blend, respectively. The solubility parameters were taken into account to describe the partial compatibility of PA52/TPU blends. The effects of EVA-g-MAH content on the melt viscosity, morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of ternary blends were systematically investigated, and the adhesion strength of hot melt adhesives based on the ternary blends were determined in terms of 90° peeling strength tests of Al/adhesive/ABS stacks. The results showed that the melt viscosity of ternary blends were greater than that of PA52/TPU blend, and the blend containing 6 wt% EVA-g-MAH exhibited an optimal miscibility behavior and excellent mechanical properties, at the same time, its peeling strength reached the maximum (120 N/25 mm).     

Influence of compatibilizer on mechanical,morphological and rheological properties of PP/ABS blends

The objective of this work was to study the compatibilizer effect on polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blends. The blends were coextruded and injection molded in various ratios of ABS with and without compatibilizers. Universal testing machine was employed to analyze the tensile properties of basic PP/ABS binary blends. From the mechanical testing, the impact and tensile properties of PP/ABS blend were optimized at 80/20 weight ratio. Various compatibilizers such as PP-g-MAH, SEBS-g-MAH and ethylene α-olefin copolymer were used and their comparative performance on binary blend was enumerated. Hybrid compatibilization effect was also studied and reported. However, the addition of compatibilizers showed the maximum increase in impact strength attributed to rubber toughening effect of ABS. The effect of compatibilizers on morphological properties was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs depicted the more efficient dispersion of ABS particles in PP matrix with the addition of compatibilizers. Further, interparticle distance analysis was carried out to evaluate the rubber toughening effect. The ABS droplet size in compatibilized PP/ABS blend was brought to minimum of 3.2 μm from 9.9 μm with the addition of compatibilizers. The melt rheology of PP/ABS blend systems was investigated through parallel plate arrangement in frequency sweep. Linear viscoelastic properties like storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus and complex viscosity (η*) have been reported with reference to the virgin materials. It is understood that the combination of compatibilizers (hybrid compatibilizer) had a considerable effect on the overall blend properties.     

ABS/HIPS blends obtained from WEEE: Influence of processing conditions and composition

The recycling of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) from postconsumer electronic equipment housing was investigated. A preliminary study of shot size and particle size effects on the mechanical properties of ABS/HIPS (50/50) blends obtained directly via injection molding was conducted. Injection‐molded specimens of ABS/HIPS blends, obtained at different compositions with or without previous extrusion, were subjected to mechanical, thermal, and morphological testing. Preliminary studies showed that a smaller particle size resulted in higher tensile and impact strength, regardless of the shot size used during injection molding. ABS/HIPS blends obtained using previous extrusion presented a slight increase in Young's modulus and a decrease in elongation at break and impact strength. The increase in glass‐transition temperature related to the Polybutadiene (PB) phases of these blends indicated a possible increase in crosslinking structures during extrusion. In addition, these blends showed a coarse and heterogeneous morphology, suggesting that ABS did not completely mix with HIPS. Compared to processing conditions, the blend composition appeared to have a much stronger effect on the mechanical properties. The results obtained suggest the possibility of obtaining ABS/HIPS blends directly via injection molding as long as small ground particles are used. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43831.     

Mechanical,thermal, and morphological behavior of the polyamide 6/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends irradiated with gamma rays

Polymeric materials with improved properties can be obtained through polymer blends. As a polymer mixture is generally immiscible and incompatible, it is necessary to use compatibilizers to improve the interfacial adhesion. Polyamide 6 (PA‐6) is an attractive polymer to engineering applications; however, it reveals processing instability and relatively low‐notched impact strength. This behavior can be modified by blending with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) copolymer. In this study, blends of PA‐6 with ABS were prepared using gamma irradiation, and the effects of ABS and ionizing radiation on the properties of PA‐6/ABS blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The data showed that the presence of ABS (30 wt%) in the blend decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break with respect to pure PA‐6. The decrease in the mechanical property was observed at doses 30 and 50 kGy. ABS showed strong effect on the crystallization of PA‐6 in the PA‐6/ABS binary blends. All irradiated blends are thermally more stable than those non‐irradiated. Chemical changes can be clearly seen in FTIR spectra through two bands assigned for N? H and OH? groups. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers