秦岭产火棘果实的成分分析

对秦岭地区所产的两种火棘属植物──火棘和甘肃火棘果实中的化学成分进行了含量分析，为火棘的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

火棘果红色素提取物的体内免疫活性研究

目的研究火棘果红色素提取物对环磷酰胺所致免疫低下模型小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,为其在畜牧养殖中的应用提供理论依据。方法采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CTX)复制免疫功能低下小鼠模型,并考察不同剂量火棘果红色素提取物对免疫抑制小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、腹腔吞噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素生成及溶血空斑形成的影响。结果火棘果红色素提取物中、高剂量组能显著提高免疫功能低下小鼠的脏器指数,增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,促进溶血素水平及溶血空斑的形成。结论火棘果红色素提取物具有良好的免疫活性。     

棘白菌素对真菌生物被膜作用的文献计量分析

目的分析棘白菌素类药物对真菌生物被膜作用的相关文献,了解其研究现状。方法在中外文献数据库(Em Base,Pub Med,SCI,CNKI及Sino Med)检索2001年至2013年相关文献,用End Note X7软件进行分类整理,对纳入文献的发表年份、文献类型、国家、第一作者、期刊、被引频次及研究内容等进行计量分析。结果共纳入外文148篇,中文5篇,以论著为主。文献最高被引157次,研究最多的菌株是白色念珠菌,共62篇;棘白菌素类单用对念珠菌生物被膜研究最多,且以卡泊芬净对白色念珠菌研究最为深入,共24篇;棘白菌素联合用药研究共14篇,临床研究相对较少(3篇)。结论棘白菌素单用对真菌生物被膜有很好的抑制作用,尚未发现理想的联合治疗方案,未来研究重点是生物被膜相关体内感染模型和研究从基础向临床转化。     

正交试验法探讨火棘冲剂的制粒工艺

采用Ｌ９（３４）正交试验法，考察了火棘冲剂制粒时的蔗糖用量、稀乙醇浓度及用量和混合时间等对合格颗粒收率的影响。结果表明火棘浸膏ｌｋｇ、蔗糖粉４ｋｇ、１５％稀乙醇１００ｍｌ，混合８ｍｉｎ为最佳工艺。     

藏药镰形棘豆的研究进展

镰形棘豆属豆科棘豆属多年生无茎草本植物,是重要的传统藏药材,在西藏资源丰富且药用价值高。近年来有关镰形棘豆的研究十分广泛。该文通过查阅相关资料文献,从镰形棘豆的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用等方面进行总结,以期为该药材的进一步研究利用提供参考。     

鄂产全缘火棘多糖类成分的抗疲劳作用

目的：研究鄂产全缘火棘果实中多糖类成分的抗疲劳作用。方法：将体重18～22g♂性昆明小鼠按体重随机分为阴性对照组（给予纯化水）和低、中、高3个剂量组，分别灌胃给予火棘多糖提取物，观察小鼠的体重变化、负重游泳时间、血清尿素氮、肝糖原和血乳酸等指标。结果：全缘火棘多糖提取物对小鼠的体重变化无明显影响；低、中、高剂量组均能延长小鼠负重游泳的时间；中、高剂量组能极显著降低血清尿素氮的含量；3个剂量组均能显著提高小鼠肝糖原的储备量；中、高剂量组能显著降低运动后血乳酸的含量。结论：鄂产全缘火棘多糖类成分具有抗疲劳的作用。     

火热证与唾液理化指标的相关性

综述中医对于火热证的认识,概述火热证与唾液溶菌酶及唾液免疫球蛋白的相关性。通过查阅相关文献,对火热证的中医病因、临床表现及辨证分型进行了归纳与整理,同时对火热证以及唾液理化指标的相关性研究进行了概括。目前认为唾液免疫球蛋白及溶菌酶可能与火热证有关,但是目前未取得一致的结论。探索中医火热证与唾液的理化指标相关性,有利于揭示火热证的实质,为进一步的研究提供了参考。     

棘白菌素类药物对宿主固有免疫系统的调节机制

目的 对棘白菌素类抗真菌药物与机体固有免疫系统的协同作用机制进行探讨和综述。方法 通过查阅文献,综述了近年来国内外讨论棘白菌素类药物对宿主机体免疫系统影响的研究,并按照机制进行分类阐述。结果 棘白菌素类药物通过干扰β-1,3-葡聚糖的合成起到抗真菌的作用,同时通过对Dectin-1受体、Toll样受体及甘露糖结合凝集素等位点进行调控,激活宿主的固有免疫反应,从而达到直接或间接杀灭真菌的效果。结论 棘白菌素类药物与宿主的固有免疫系统的协同作用机制使其可以有效的治疗真菌侵袭性疾病,这种药-菌协同作用机制为寻找其他更加有效的药物提供了思路。     

长棘海星中含氮类化学成分研究

目的 研究长棘海星(Acanthaster planci)含氮类化学成分及其对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性.方法 综合运用硅胶柱色谱、中压反相ODS柱色谱、半制备高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法对化学成分进行分离和纯化,根据核磁数据和文献对比进行化合物结构鉴定,并对化合物进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的评价.结果 从长棘海星(Aca...     

火试鉴别法在中药鉴别中的应用

目的探讨火试鉴别法在中药材及中药饮片鉴别中的运用。方法结合近年来相关文献和日常经验,对火试鉴别法在茎木类、树脂类、动物类、矿物类及其他类中药中的鉴别应用进行总结。结果 50种中药材及中药饮片用火试鉴别法能简便准确地进行初步鉴别。结论灵活掌握火试鉴别法,对快速鉴别部分中药材及中药饮片具有很现实的意义。     

刺梨、金樱子、红子种子油抗氧化活性研究

目的：对刺梨、金樱子及红子种子油进行抗氧化活性研究。方法利用索氏提取器及超声提取法,以石油醚（60～90℃）为提取溶剂对刺梨、金樱子及红子种子油进行提取,采用 DPPH 法对种子油的抗氧化活性进行测定。结果刺梨、金樱子及红子种子油对 DPPH 自由基的清除率具有量效关系,均对 DPPH 有显著清除作用;采用两种提取方法获得的种子油清除率大小顺序均为红子＜刺梨＜金樱子;超声提取获得的种子油清除率小于索氏提取获得的种子油。结论索氏提取获得的金樱子种子油抗氧化活性最高。     

中药特色数据库的建设和研究

特色文献数据库有利于深层次地揭示和利用文献信息资源,是图书馆提高信息资源服务水平和开展信息资源共享的重要途径。本论文探讨了《江苏省地道中药材数据库》建设现状、数据库结构与开发内容以及目标和意义。     

Organisational barriers to thrombolysis treatment of acute ischaemic stroke

ABSTRACT

Background: Intravenous thrombolysis with fibrinolytic drugs such as alteplase is not implemented widely in any country although the treatment is both effective and cost-effective in selected patients within a 3-h window after acute ischaemic stroke. The purpose of the present study was to describe the organisational barriers to delivery of thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke with special regard to the Danish healthcare system.

Method: Systematic and unsystematic searches of medical, economic and grey literature on organisational barriers to thrombolysis treatment were performed in Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, Econlit, NHS EED, SvedMed+ and the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database. The search periods were 1996-2006.

Findings: Three main types of literature on organisational barriers were found: medical literature including HTA reports on barriers related to the 3-h window, economic literature on barriers related to the lack of capacity to provide the treatment on a 24-h basis, and grey literature/policy papers on standards and demands to the hospitals and healthcare systems who implements the treatment.

Conclusion: Information on organisational barriers can be extracted from different types of literature (medical, economic and grey literature/policy papers), but organisational barriers are most often not the primary study objective in the relevant literature. This review showed a broad spectrum of possible organisational barriers to the delivery of thrombolysis treatment of acute ischaemic stroke.     

重视用户教育提高文献效能——我校大学生借阅统计分析引发的思考

大学生是高校图书馆的主要用户,他们对图书馆文献资源的利用和满足程度,是评价图书馆文献效能的依据之一.文章对大学生读者的借阅情况进行统计分析,对他们在利用文献资源中存在的问题进行思考.提出重视用户教育,提高文献效能的观点.     

A Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy Elective Course to Enhance Pharmacy Students�� Literature Evaluation Skills and Ability to Apply Clinical Evidence

Objectives. To design and implement a cardiovascular pharmacotherapy elective course to enhance pharmacy students’ ability to evaluate medical literature and apply clinical evidence.Design. In weekly class sessions, students were provided an overview of the important literature supporting therapeutic guidelines for the management of major cardiovascular diseases. Students worked in groups to complete outside-of-class assignments involving a patient case and then discussed the case in class. During the semester, each student also independently completed a literature search on an assigned topic, summarized the studies found in table format, and presented 1 of the studies to the class.Assessment. Students’ grades on weekly patient case assignments steadily increased over the semester. Also, the average grade on the final examination was higher than the grade on the midterm take-home examination. On the course evaluation, students rated the course favorably in terms of improvement of confidence in evaluating the primary literature and applying it to practice.Conclusion. Completion of the cardiovascular pharmacotherapy elective increased pharmacy students’ level of confidence in evaluating literature and applying clinical evidence in making patient care decisions.     

基于VOSviewer和Citespace可视化图谱分析党参的研究现状与发展趋势

目的 采用文献计量学方法分析总结党参的研究历史、发展现状、趋势热点。方法 检索并筛选1992年1月1日—2022年6月30日中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science数据库核心集党参相关文献。选用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件从发文量、作者、机构、国家、基金资助、发文期刊、被引频次、关键词、聚类、突现词方面进行可视化分析,并绘制可视化图谱。结果 共纳入有效文献594篇,中文文献484篇,英文文献110篇。中、英文文献发文量整体呈上升趋势。中、英文文献发文量最多的学者分别是高建平和ZOU Yuanfeng。中国是发表党参研究最多的国家。山西医科大学药学院和中国科学院分别是中、英文文献发文量最多的机构。党参相关研究基金资助最多的是国家科学自然基金。接收中、英文文献最多的期刊分别是《中药材》和International Journal of Biological Macromolecules。中文文献引用频次最高的是1篇对党参化学成分和药理作用总结归纳的综述性文章,英文文献引用频次最高的是关于党参多糖结构鉴别及药理作用的研究报道。中文文献的关键词、聚类、突现词图谱显...     

Psychopharmacologic considerations in the treatment of black American populations.

Although striking ethnic differences in pharmacologic responses to various medications have been documented in the general medical literature, there is a paucity of such information in the psychopharmacologic literature. Recent work has provided a number of studies that illustrate interesting inter-ethnic pharmacogenetic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic differences. In general, however, such studies have reported inconsistent findings relative to dose response relationships with various psychotropics. Results of our literature review, with a particular focus on black Americans, suggest that the lack of consistency in these investigations is largely attributable to various methodological and design problems. Prominent among these problems are: diagnostic misclassification, treatment of various ethnic groups in a homogeneous undifferentiated manner, lack of appropriate control for age and gender, and minimal consideration for chronicity of illness. As a result, though there exist some interesting data suggesting inter-ethnic genetic and kinetic differences, the extant literature on black Americans and other ethnic groups should be evaluated with some caution. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic review of the existing psychopharmacologic literature on the black American population.     

中药复方消除运动性疲劳的研究概况和展望

目的总结和概括1995～2007年中药复方抗运动性疲劳的研究概况和存在的问题,展望中药复方抗运动性疲劳的研究方向。方法:"运动性疲劳"、"复方"为关键词,检索中国期刊网1995～2007年的相关文献。结果共检索到63篇文献,其中22篇属于对中医药抗运动性疲劳的理论探讨和综述,剩余的41篇中剔除重复的研究,共有22篇文章是有关介绍中药复方消除运动性疲劳的研究。结论通过对22篇文章的综述,总结归纳了目前中药复方抗运动性疲劳的研究概况和存在的不足,并提出了对应的措施。     

Where and How to Search for Evidence in the Education Literature: The WHEEL

An awareness of how and where to search the education literature, and how to appraise it is essential to be a teacher scholar (an academic who takes a scholarly approach to teaching), to develop high quality education research, and to perform the scholarship of teaching and learning. Most pharmacy faculty scholars do not receive training in searching the education literature. Thus, a framework for searching the education literature is needed. The framework presented here on where and how to search for evidence in the education literature, referred to as the WHEEL for teaching, is meant to serve as a guide for faculty members in conducting comprehensive and exhaustive literature searches for the publication of scholarship of teaching and learning projects, educational research, or approaching one''s teaching in a scholarly manner. Key resources to search and methods for searching the education literature are listed and described.     

文变染乎世情 兴废系乎时序——由《文心雕龙·时序》看文学与时代的关系

《文心雕龙.时序》是一篇专门论述文学发展与时代演变关系的论文。在这篇文章里,作者认为政治教化与时代风气、学术风气、统治者的态度都可以对文学发展的方向、内容、风格产生一定影响。刘勰生活在南朝宋、齐、梁时期,其时代风气、统治者对文学的态度都恰好印证了他的观点。当时的文坛追求新奇、绮丽浮夸的风气盛行,虽然刘勰对这种文风极为不满,并力图创作《文心雕龙》来矫正这一流弊,但从作者实际创作情况来看,却难以摆脱其影响。