Quality of life of patients on in-center hemodialysis versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

This study compared chronic hemodialysis and CAPD patients on several quality of life variables: dietary adherence, self-esteem, hope, wellbeing, marital happiness, perceived control over life, marital status, number of emotional support persons, and participation in social, recreational, and work activities. Statistically significant differences in the quality of life variables due to treatment modality or demographic variables were not found. However, CAPD patients did engage in significantly more social and recreational activity, though not more work activity, than did hemodialysis patients. It is noted that 73% of the CAPD patients were Caucasian and that 72% of the hemodialysis patients were of black origin. Similarly skewed racial compositions in preceding research comparing patients on CAPD and hemodialysis suggest that 1. choice of treatment is occurring on the basis of some set of patient characteristics, or 2. systematic assignment is occurring on the basis of race, sex, and/or education. However, given no significant race/demography differences for variables used in this research, it appears that quality of life across racially different groups of hemodialysis and CAPD patients is comparable.     

血液透析和腹膜透析患者生活质量评价

目的：研究血液透析患者和腹膜透析患者生活质量的差异。方法：对我院2010年1月～2011年12月血液透析患者75例,腹膜透析患者46例进行问卷调查,调查工具为世界卫生组织生存质量测定简式量表（WHOQOLBREF）、一般健康问卷（GHQ-28）、状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI 1/STAI 2）、流行病调查中心抑郁量表（CES-D）、多纬度健康状况心理控制源量表（MHLC）,并进行统计学分析。结果：血液透析患者在环境和社会关系方面生活质量较低,并且在GHQ-28表中显示更易焦虑/失眠和严重抑郁,在CES-D与STAI 1/STAI 2中两者无统计学差异,在MHLC量表中,血液透析患者求助医师方面低于腹膜透析患者。结论：血液透析和腹膜透析两种治疗模式存在差异性,血液透析患者比腹膜透析患者生活质量差,尤其在环境和社会关系方面,并有睡眠障碍,然而两组患者都有明显的抑郁。     

血液透析与腹膜透析在病人生命质量与费用方面的对比研究

随着终末期肾病病人的增加,血液透析和腹膜透析病人也越来越多,因此从透析病人生命质量及经济负担方面进行了比较总结,为病人合理选择治疗方法提供依据.     

Nursing and quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients

The aim of the present study was to bring to the attention some problems of people in peritoneal dialysis and improve the quality of care through some Nursing intervention.     

Relationship between dialysis adequacy and quality of life in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare quality of life (QOL) between peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with adequate and inadequate total solute clearance (TSC). We also tried to determine the relationship between QOL and TSC. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was used in which QOL was evaluated and compared between PD patients with adequate and inadequate TSC. SETTING: The PD unit of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-seven patients were recruited, 38 on continuous ambulatory PD and 29 on continuous cyclerassisted PD. METHODS: Patients were divided into adequate and inadequate groups, based on the results of either total urea clearance (Kt/Vurea) or total creatinine clearance (weekly CCr). The demographic data, dialysis variables, and clinical parameters of these patients were all collected. QOL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire, which contains eight domains and is a comprehensive and validated instrument for QOL evaluation. QOL of patients in adequate and inadequate groups was compared. The relationship between QOL and TSC was also examined. RESULTS: Among patients grouped by Kt/Vurea, patients in the adequate group had significantly higher scores in two domains of the SF-36, that is, physical and emotional role functioning, than did those in the inadequate group. The total SF-36 scores were positively correlated with Kt/Vurea when all patients were pooled together. However, among patients grouped by weekly CCr, there was no significant difference in any of the eight domains of the SF-36 between patients in the adequate and inadequate groups. No correlation was found between the total SF-36 scores and weekly CCr. CONCLUSION: Our study had two important findings: First, PD patients with adequate total solute clearance, based on Kt/Vurea and not on weekly CCr, had a better QOL. Second, Kt/Vurea is better correlated with QOL than weekly CCr. These findings suggest that Kt/Vurea is a better parameter for the clinical evaluation of total solute clearance from the viewpoint of QOL.     

腹膜透析病人生活质量研究进展

从生活质量的概念、腹膜透析病人生活质量测评工具、生活质量测评的应用、生活质量研究存在的问题等方面综述了腹膜透析病人生活质量的研究进展.     

肾移植前后未透析与透析效果及血液透析与腹膜透析的对比分析

背景:透析与肾移植都是治疗尿毒症的主要手段,由于肾源的不足,大部分尿毒症患者必须经过一段透析治疗来维持,等待接受移植肾源,虽然在透析期间患者能够得到较好状态,但近年来的未透析肾移植研究结果表明,移植前透析会对肾移植的效果有影响。目的:利用CNKI数据库文献检索和深度分析功能,对肾移植和透析研究的文献资料趋势进行多层次探讨分析。设计:文献计量学分析。资料提取:以电子检索方式对CNKI数据库2002-01/2011-12有关肾移植和透析研究的文献进行分析,采用检索词为"肾移植(Renal transplantation);透析(Dialysis)",对检索的相关文献运用数据库中自带的分析功能和Excel软件绘制图表的功能进行分析,通过文字和图表的形式将统计和计量数据分析,描述其分布特征。入选标准:纳入标准:①与肾移植相关的基础和临床研究论文。②与血液透析相关的基础和临床研究论文。③与腹膜透析相关的基础和临床研究论文。排除标准:①与文章目的无关的文献。②重复研究的文献。③刊社信息。④未发表的文献。⑤需电话追踪和手工检索逐一分析的文献。⑥年鉴。⑦护理内容的文献。主要数据判定指标:以CNKI数据库学术期刊文献出版时间、文献数量、学科类别、研究机构、来源期刊、文献被引频次、文献下载频次、关联文献、作者分布、基金资助情况和主要关键词进行相关分析。并对肾移植前后未透析与透析研究进行对比分析,以及血液透析与腹膜透析的研究进行对比分析。结果:在CNKI数据库学术期刊收录2002/2011的文献中,共检索到57篇与肾移植和透析研究相关的文献。文献数量产出趋于平稳状态,2004年和2008年文献产出数量最多;《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》杂志发表文献量为15篇,占全部文献的26.3%;透析研究以血液透析和腹膜透析的研究为主,还包括尿毒症患者生活质量的研究。选择肾移植还是透析治疗,需要综合考虑患者基本情况来选择最适合的肾替代治疗模式。结论:通过文献计量学方法对CNKI数据库学术期刊关于肾移植和透析研究的文献进行分析,可为中国从事肾移植和透析基础研究和临床实施的医务工作者进一步确定科研思路提供有价值的参考。     

老年血液透析与腹膜透析患者生存质量的比较及相关因素探讨

目的比较老年血液透析和腹膜透析患者的生活质量的差异,探讨其相关影响因素及适合老年慢性肾衰竭患者的透析方式。方法选择2007年12月～2008年12月在上海交通大学附属第一人民医院肾内科血液净化中心规律血液透析患者52例,腹膜透析中心腹膜透析患者46例。所有患者均检测生化指标,计算其残余肾功能,并行健康生活质量SF-36问卷调查。结果①两组患者MAP、血肌酐、血白蛋白、血红蛋白、Ca、P、PTH、等临床参数和SF-36量表中的8个维度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;②分层分析提示：透析龄小于等于2年的患者中,腹膜透析组的躯体疼痛、情感职能要优于血液透析组;透析龄大于2年的患者中,腹膜透析组在躯体疼痛方面要优于血液透析组,血液透析组的生命活力要明显优于腹膜透析组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;③相关性分析表明：两组患者的躯体综合得分和精神综合得分与血红蛋白水平、Kt/V、RRF呈正相关,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论透析患者的生活质量与血红蛋白、Kt/V、RRF相关,在透析前两年腹膜透析患者具有相对较好的生活质量。     

腹膜透析和血液透析对尿毒症患者钙磷代谢影响的临床研究

目的探讨血液透析与腹膜透析对尿毒症患者在钙、磷代谢的影响。方法对97例血液透析及45例腹膜透析治疗均超过3个月以上的患者在0、3、6个月进行血钙、磷及全段甲状旁腺激素测定和比较,并记录患者的残余尿量。入选后2组高甲状旁腺激素患者使用骨化三醇治疗,血液透析高钙患者采用1.25mmol/L的钙浓度的透析液进行治疗。结果治疗初血液透析组的高血磷、高甲状旁腺激素和低甲状旁腺激素发生率分别为51.5%、37.1%、8.2%,而腹膜透析组分别为22.2%、17.8%、24.4%,经比较2组有统计学差异。两组患者尿量大于500ml的腹膜透析组占有55.6%、血液透析组6.2%,经比较2组有统计学意义。在使用低钙透析液及罗盖全治疗后3、6月,血液透析组和腹膜透析组患者的甲状旁腺激素均较治疗前明显减少,F值分别为23.803和4.9896,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,血液透析组中的血钙较治疗前明显下降,F值为19.879,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论相对于血液透析,尿毒症患者选择腹膜透析能更好地控制钙磷代谢,能更有效地保护残肾功能。关注透析患者的饮食,以及重视低钙透析液,骨化三醇在透析患者钙磷代谢中的治疗。     

腹膜透析患者生存质量调查

目的了解我国腹膜透析患者生存质量状况、特点与相关因素。方法指导透析治疗3个月以上患者填写KDQOL—SF量表。结果腹膜透析患者的生存质量比较差;男性患者对医护鼓励和满意度的评分要低于女性患者。小学文化程度的患者肾病给日常生活带来的负担要重于文化程度高的患者。原发病为糖尿病的患者体能得分低于非糖尿病患者。患者的透析时间、透析次数、营养状况、透析充分性和残余肾功能与患者生存质量相关。腹膜透析患者C反应蛋白的水平与生存质量呈负相关,而年龄与患者的生存质量无相关性。结论护理中应针对不同的临床特点采取相应措施,将有助于患者生存质量的提高,最大限度恢复患者的社会功能。     

Comparing the incomparable: hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis in observational studies.

A randomized trial comparing survival in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis remains a utopian aspiration. Dialysis is still relatively rare on a population basis, and a natural tension exists between desirability and feasibility in terms of quality of evidence. In practice, it is very difficult to perform prospective comparisons with large groups of contemporary representative subjects, and much of the literature comes from retrospective national registries. This article considers several questions to address when trying to compare the outcomes of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Prognostic similarity at baseline is a fundamental issue. Traditionally, adjustment for known prognostic factors has been used in an attempt to minimize the bias caused by nonrandom treatment assignment. Propensity scores have been suggested to be superior, and matched-case analysis may also be a useful method for comparison. Other questions include, when, in relation to starting dialysis, to start the observation clock; the definition and handling of switches of dialysis therapy; and the decision to censor at transplantation. Finally, comparisons are complicated by hazards ratios that vary over time, and time-segmented analysis is obligatory. Many types of analytical approaches are needed to begin to appreciate outcome disparities between dialysis therapies.     

护理干预对腹膜透析患者生活质量的影响

目的 分析影响腹膜透析患者生活质量的因素及护理干预对策的实施效果.方法 随机选取腹膜透析3个月以上的患者96例作为实验组,另选取96名健康志愿者为对照组,应用SF-36量表评价生活质量,实验组给予护理干预对策后再次评价,并比较干预前、后的评分.结果 干预前实验组SF-36量表中的8个方面得分均明显低于对照组.实验组干预后8个方面各项评分均较自身干预前有显著改善.结论 心理、精神健康和总体健康状况是影响患者生活质量的主要因素,相应有效的护理干预对策在提高生活质量上有显著的临床意义.     

Beta-2 microglobulin in patients on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

Serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2 mu) levels were determined in 62 patients on chronic dialysis, divided according to the type of dialysis--cuprophane hemodialysis, chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), or CAPD started after 76 +/- 47 months on cuprophane hemodialysis--and to residual urine output greater than 400 mL/day or less than 10 mL/day. In addition, for patients on CAPD, peritoneal excretion, peritoneal clearance, and urinary excretion of the protein were determined. In anuric patients serum beta 2 mu levels were significantly higher in HD than in CAPD. In patients with residual urine output, serum concentrations of the microprotein were similar in HD and in CAPD. Significant differences were observed in beta 2 mu serum levels and peritoneal clearances in patients switched to CAPD from hemodialysis as compared to those starting with CAPD. Peritoneal clearances of the microprotein was slightly and non-significantly greater in patients with urine output than in anuric patients.     

腹膜透析病人自我护理能力与生活质量的相关性研究

[目的]了解腹膜透析(CAPD)病人自我护理能力及生活质量水平,并探讨两者相关性。[方法]用自我护理能力量表(ESCA)和生活质量量表(SF-36)对80例腹膜透析病人进行问卷调查,统计并分析腹膜透析病人自我护理能力与生活质量的相关性。[结果]本组病人自我护理能力总分为109.09分±13.303分,生活质量总分为53.12分±9.448分,两者呈正相关(r=0.569)。[结论]CAPD病人自我护理能力和生活质量水平均有待提高,临床工作应着重提高病人自我护理的知识和技能从而提高病人生活质量水平。     

Comparing cardiac surgery in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients: perioperative outcomes and two-year survival

♦ Background: We sought to compare perioperative outcomes and 2-year survival in a cohort of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients compared with matched hemodialysis (HD) patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery at our institution.♦ Methods: We obtained a list of all dialysis-dependent patients who underwent cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting, valve replacement, or both) at our center between 1994 and 2008. All patients undergoing PD at the time of surgery were included in our analysis. Two HD patients matched for age, diabetes status, and Charleston comorbidity score were obtained for each PD patient.♦ Results: The analysis included 36 PD patients and 72 HD patients. Mean age, sex, diabetes status, cardiac unit stay, hospital stay, and operative mortality did not differ by dialysis modality. The incidence of 1 or more postoperative complications (infection, prolonged intubation, death) was higher for HD patients (50% vs. 28% for PD patients, p = 0.046). After surgery, 2 PD patients required conversion to HD. The 2-year survival was 69% for PD patients and 66% for HD patients (p = 0.73).♦ Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, compared with HD patients, PD patients who require cardiac surgery do not experience more early complications or a lesser 2-year survival and that 2-year survival for dialysis patients after cardiac surgery is acceptable.     

A comparison of quality of life of patients on automated and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

OBJECTIVE: Data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients are scarce. The objectives of this study were (1) to explore HRQOL of APD patients and compare it with HRQOL of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and a general population sample, and (2) to study the relationship between HROOL assessment outcomes and background variables. DESIGN: Home interviews of APD and CAPD patients. HRQOL, social-demographic, clinical, and treatment-related background data were collected at the interview and from patient charts. Multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to study the relationship of HRQOL assessment outcomes with background variables. SETTING: Sixteen Dutch dialysis centers. PATIENTS: Convenience sample of 37 APD patients and 59 CAPD patients matched for total time on dialysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four HRQOL instruments: Short-Form 36, EuroQol EQ-5D, Standard Gamble, and Time Trade Off. RESULTS: Physical functioning of both APD and CAPD patients was impaired compared with the general population; mental functioning was not different. In multivariate analyses, the mental health of APD patients was found to be better than that of CAPD patients. In addition, APD patients were less anxious and depressed than CAPD patients. With respect to physical aspects of HRQOL and role-functioning, no differences were observed between APD and CAPD patients. Other variables to explain HRQOL assessment outcomes were age, the number of comorbid diseases, and primary kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS: HRQOL of APD patients is at least equal to HRQOL of CAPD patients.     

腹膜透析患者的抑郁水平与生活质量的相关性分析

腹膜透析作为一种血液净化的手段,在治疗慢性肾功能衰竭上已经得到了广泛的应用.透析患者普遍存在抑郁[1].国外报道,腹膜透析患者抑郁发生率为10%～66%.文献表明抑郁发生的原因有多种,可能是长期治疗及昂贵的医疗费用使患者对生活失去信心所致[2].患者因失去了部分肾功能,导致身体机能下降,性功能下降,并且失去了健康和一定的社会功能,在家庭和工作单位的地位降低[1],其生活质量较正常人低下[3].对于腹膜透析患者抑郁的发生与生活质量的相关分析,国内鲜有报道.本研究对88例在腹透中心接受透析治疗且病情稳定的终末期肾病患者进行了抑郁状况和生活质量的调查,以了解这一人群的抑郁发生率、生活质量以及腹膜透析患者抑郁水平和生活质量的相关性,为提高患者整体情况,改善预后提供依据.