多壁碳纳米管的掺氮改性及场效应管特性研究

以二茂铁为前驱体, 提供催化剂与部分碳源, 三聚氰提供氮源与另外一部分碳源, 在硅基底上制备出了碳纳米管阵列. 碳纳米管为多壁结构, 单根碳纳米管的平均直径为50 nm. 碳纳米管的X射线光电子谱(XPS)在398.4 eV处出现特征峰, 表明为氮掺杂的碳纳米管. 用其制备的场效应管在室温大气环境下稳定地表现为n型场效应特性, 并且具有非常低的关闭状态电流(off-state current)以及良好的负门电压对漏极电流的抑制作用, 单位源漏偏压下漏极电流为100 pA量级. 实验中采用了源/漏电极不对称的绝缘层结构, 使得门电压对源漏两极的电场调制也不对称, 从而实现了对漏电极的门电压调制.     

L-苏氨酸在糖及维生素C水溶液中的体积性质

用精密数字密度计和粘度计测定了L-苏氨酸在不同质量分数的葡萄糖、蔗糖及维生素C水溶液中的密度和粘度，计算了L-苏氨酸的极限偏摩尔体积、迁移偏摩尔体积、理论水化数和粘度B系数，讨论了溶剂组成变化对L-苏氨酸迁移偏摩尔体积、粘度B系数和理论水化数的影响.结果表明，随混合溶剂中共溶质含量的增加，迁移偏摩尔体积、粘度B系数随之增加；而由于葡萄糖、蔗糖及维生素C分子与L-苏氨酸荷电中心的直接相互作用，削弱了两性离子带电中心对周围水分子的电致收缩效应，造成了理论水化数随其含量的增加而减小.     

自由能计算揭示苏氨酸对抗冻蛋白与冰晶结合能力的影响

采用分子动力学模拟和自由能计算研究了中等活性黑麦草抗冻蛋白(Lolium perenne antifreeze protein, LpAFP)冰结合位点(Ice-binding site, IBS)上苏氨酸(Thr)含量对其吸附冰晶能力的影响. 构建了一系列LpAFP突变体结构, 使其IBS上苏氨酸含量逐步增加, 其中包括一个对IBS上11个位点的突变, 使每个β片段均具有Thr-x-Thr基序(x是非保守的氨基酸, 主要是疏水氨基酸). 利用重要性采样算法(WTM-eABF)计算了LpAFP及其突变体与冰晶结合过程的自由能变化, 该算法结合了Well-tempering metadynamics的“填谷”和扩展拉格朗日自适应偏置力方法的“削峰”的优点, 显著提高了算法的采样效率. 结果表明, LpAFP突变体的IBS苏氨酸含量越高, 其与冰的结合在能量上越有利. 当突变体具有重复Thr-x-Thr基序时, 其与冰的结合能力最强. 进一步分析表明, 苏氨酸含量越高, IBS结合的液态水分子越多, 与冰晶结合时锚定包合水稳定存在的时间就越长, 抗冻蛋白的IBS与冰面之间的氢键网络也越稳定, 从而提高了抗冻蛋白与冰的结合能力. 增加苏氨酸残基的含量是提高中等活性抗冻蛋白抗冻活性的方法.     

场增强样品堆积-毛细管电泳法测定山楂粉中的氨基酸

采用场增强样品堆积-毛细管电泳法建立了在线富集氨基酸的分析方法,用于中药山楂中水解氨基酸的检测,并进行了回收率实验. 采用富集电压为-20 kV,进样压力为3 psi,进样时间为50 s,紫外检测波长为214 nm,运行缓冲溶液为270 mmol/L乙酸-270 mmol/L乙酸钠（pH=4.15）-6%（V/V）乙腈溶液,分离电压为17 kV,组氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和门冬氨酸等12种氨基酸在50 min内达到分离,检出限在0.000 3~0.08 μg/mL之间.     

不同Al源和Zr源对完全液相法制备的Cu-Zn-Al-Zr催化性能的影响

采用完全液相法,分别以无机和有机Al源和Zr源制备了3个Cu-Zn-Al-Zr浆状催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂在合成气一步法合成二甲醚反应中的催化性能.结果表明,不同Al源对催化剂的性能有显著影响,而不同Zr源对催化剂性能的影响不大.以异丙醇铝为原料制备的催化剂的活性明显高于以拟薄水铝石为原料制备的催化剂.以异丙醇铝为Al源制备的催化剂,其Cu组分粒度小、分散性好,Cu-Zr之间的相互作用较强.Al源中微量杂质Na的存在和Cu-Zr之间相互作用的强弱是导致催化剂性能差异的主要原因.     

L-苏氨酸与四氯对苯醌的荷移反应

L-苏氨酸与四氯对苯醌发生荷移反应,建立一种测定L-苏氨酸新的光谱分析方法。在硼砂溶液中,L-苏氨酸与四氯对苯醌生成稳定的1∶1络合物,其λmax=220.3 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=5.9×105L.mol-1.cm-1,在0.39~1.94 mg.L-1范围内符合比耳定律。药物样品L-苏氨酸含量,与文献方法测定结果一致,回收率为99.8%~100.3%,相对标准偏差在1%以内。该方法可用于药物分析。     

恒电压法制备掺杂聚苯胺薄膜

在不同的酸溶液中加入定量苯胺单体,利用电化学恒压法制备了导电性能优良的聚苯胺薄膜,研究了以不同浓度(0.5、1、1.5、2mol/L)的盐酸、高氯酸和对甲苯磺酸为电解质溶液,苯胺在ITO导电玻璃上的聚合电压和颜色变化,并用FT IR、循环伏安和SEM研究了聚合物的结构及性能。研究表明,在不同酸掺杂下薄膜的颜色依次为黄绿色、绿色、深绿色、天蓝色和深蓝色,这是由于不同掺杂酸对阴离子大小的不同导致其分子链上电荷离域不同,从而使得聚合物的掺杂程度不同而发生不同的红移;随着使用电压的增大,溶液中导电能力增强,聚苯胺薄膜的颜色加深;随着同种酸浓度的增加,质子酸的酸性越强,苯胺的聚合电位就越低。     

联萘酚衍生物固定相的制备及其手性分离研究

1,1'-联萘基-2,2'-二酚(BINOL)具有稳定的C_2轴手性,是一种理想的手性源并能根据需要对其萘环进行修饰。以R型BINOL为原料,合成(R)-3,3'-二(对羧基苯基)-2,2'-二甲氧基-1,1'-二萘,将其涂敷于C18硅胶表面制成手性固定相,并用以制备高效液相色谱柱。以pH 2的高氯酸溶液为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min,柱温为25℃条件下,研究了该固定相对不同类型的手性化合物的拆分能力。结果表明,在此色谱条件下,有美托洛尔、DNB-亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酸等11种外消旋化合物得到了不同程度的拆分,说明该固定相能对手性化合物进行一定的拆分。     

一种具有规则结构的蛋白单体之间相互识别的分子力学模拟和量子化学计算

使用分子力学、分子动态学以及量子化学计算方法, 对天然的昆虫抗冻蛋白质分子(TmAFP)以长轴平行的方式发生二体相互作用的可能模式进行了系统研究. 分子模拟的结果表明, 在可能的相互作用模式中, 其相互作用区域必须至少包含一个β-面, 并且当蛋白单体均取β-面靠近时, 其侧链上的羟基在空间的分布满足结构上的二维匹配; 利用分子力学与量子化学相结合的方法得到的结果表明两单体的β-面之间具有相对最强的相互作用, 同时, 高级别的DFT计算以及van der Waals键电荷密度分析进一步证实β-面的相互识别主要表现为β-面的一个苏氨酸侧链的羟基对另一个的苏氨酸羟基氧的识别, 即它们之间能形成较强的氢键. 因此, 分子力学以及量子化学的计算结果都说明蛋白单体在相互识别的过程中, 均以β-面相互作用的可能性最大.     

苏氨酸示波极谱分析机理的研究

在ｐＨ＝９２的硼砂－铟离子体系中，苏氨酸在示波极谱仪上，峰电位为－１０５Ｖ处出现一个极谱峰，该峰稳定，重现性好，灵敏度高，其浓度在４～１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ之间与峰电流呈线性关系。     

Device model for poly(o‐methoxyaniline) field‐effect transistor

We present a detailed study of the electric mechanism of a thin poly(o‐methoxyaniline) (POMA) field‐effect transistor. The device was prepared using Al‐Si/SiO₂/(interdigitated gold lines array)/POMA structure as the gate electrode, insulating layer, source‐drain electrodes, and active layer, respectively. A model is presented for the electrical characteristics of such a device that encompasses the disordered properties of the POMA, the source‐drain electrical‐field dependence of hole mobility, and the carrier and mobility gradients in directions perpendicular to the polymer–oxide interface. The fittings of source‐drain current versus source‐drain voltage, having as parameters the gate voltage, is in good agreement with the experimental data, and the dependence of both the carrier saturation velocity and of the carrier mobility with the gate voltage are obtained. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 74–78, 2005     

Large gate modulation in the current of a room temperature single molecule transistor

We have demonstrated a single molecule field effect transistor (FET) which consists of a redox molecule (perylene tetracarboxylic diimide) covalently bonded to a source and drain electrode and an electrochemical gate. By adjusting the gate voltage, the energy levels of empty molecular states are shifted to the Fermi level of the source and drain electrodes. This results in a nearly 3 orders of magnitude increase in the source-drain current, in the fashion of an n-type FET. The large current increase is attributed to an electron transport mediated by the lowest empty molecular energy level when it lines up with the Fermi level.     

Investigation of pumping mechanism for non‐Newtonian blood flow with AC electrothermal forces in a microchannel by hybrid boundary element method and immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann method

Efficient pumping of blood flow in a microfluidic device is essential for rapid detection of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) using alternating current (AC) electrokinetics. Compared with AC electro‐osmosis (ACEO) phenomenon, the advantage of AC electrothermal (ACET) mechanism is its capability of pumping biofluids with high electrical conductivities at a relatively high AC voltage frequency. In the current work, the microfluidic pumping of non‐Newtonian blood flow using ACET forces is investigated in detail by modeling its multi‐physics process with hybrid boundary element method (BEM) and immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann method (IB‐LBM). The Carreau–Yasuda model is used to simulate the realistic rheological behavior of blood flow. The ACET pumping efficiency of blood flow is studied in terms of different AC voltage magnitudes and frequencies, thermal boundary conditions of electrodes, electrode configurations, channel height, and the channel length per electrode pair. Besides, the effect of rheological behavior on the blood flow velocity is theoretically analyzed by comparing with the Newtonian fluid flow using scaling law analysis under the same physical conditions. The results indicate that the rheological behavior of blood flow and its frequency‐dependent dielectric property make the pumping phenomenon of blood flow different from that of the common Newtonian aqueous solutions. It is also demonstrated that using a thermally insulated electrode could enhance the pumping efficiency dramatically. Besides, the results conclude that increasing the AC voltage magnitude is a more economical pumping approach than adding the number of electrodes with the same energy consumption when the Joule heating effect is acceptable.     

Organosulfonate Counteranions—A Trapped Coordination Polymer as a High-Output Triboelectric Nanogenerator Material for Self-Powered Anticorrosion

Selection of the friction electrode materials is crucial to the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In the present study, a metal–organic coordination complex containing organosulfonate counteranions with electron-donating ability was synthesized through the coordination-driven self-assembly approach under mild reaction conditions and was chosen as a positive electrode material to construct a triboelectric nanogenerator, exhibiting high-output performance with a peak value of short circuit current density of 98.6 μA and an output voltage of 1180 V. As a practical application, it was shown to light up 1488 commercial green LEDs and power an anticorrosion system device to protect metals from corrosion.     

A comparative study of a polyindole-based microelectrochemical transistor in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes

The behaviour of a polyindole-based microelectrochemical transistor in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes is described. The polyindole film was grown onto two closely spaced (100 μm) platinum microelectrodes by anodic oxidation of indole (10 mM) from 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in dichloromethane at 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The polymerization was carried out for a sufficiently long time in order to connect both Pt microelectrodes, which operated as a transistor when immersed in an electrolytic solution. In this transistor, one microelectrode was a “source” and the other a “drain”; the Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode was used as a “gate”. The drain current (current between source and drain) was modulated by varying the gate potential (potential between source and gate) at a fixed drain potential (potential between source and drain). The transconductances of the transistor were estimated as 0.98 mS/cm and 20.6 mS/cm of channel width (separation between two microelectrodes) in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, respectively. Received: 6 April 1999 / Accepted: 24 August 1999     

新型Ni(OH)2.05电极材料的电化学性能研究

采用化学氧化法制备了碱性二次电池用正极材料Ni(OH)2.05, 考察了其作为镍氢电池正极活性材料的电化学性能. 结果表明: 以氧化处理过的样品为正极材料组装成镍氢模拟电池在0.2 C倍率下放电容量为281 mAh•g－1; 1 C充放电条件下, 270次循环后容量保持98% 以上. 交流阻抗分析和循环伏安测试表明, 经过氧化修饰的镍电极具有更小的电荷传递电阻、更快的质子扩散速度; ΔEa,c小于未处理样品70 mV, 电化学可逆性优于未处理样品; 对不同放电截止电压下的充放电测试发现: 放电截止电压进一步降低后, 相对于未处理过的样品, 氧化处理后样品无明显的二次放电平台, 第一放电平台末的容量与未处理样品二次放电平台末容量相当, 从而有效地抑制了二次放电平台现象.     

3-甲基吡啶在PbO2-SPE组合电极上的电氧化研究

采用热压法制备PbO₂-SPE组合电极,通过循环伏安和稳态极化曲线测量研究了该电极对3-甲基吡啶电氧化反应的活性.考察了阳极液中有、无液相支持电解质和不同阴极液情况下,电流密度与过电位和过电位与槽压的关系.初步研究了利用PbO₂-SPE组合电极在无液相支持电解质的溶液中进行3-甲基吡啶电氧化制取烟酸的可行性,给出了特定条件下的选择性和电流效率.     

2-甲基吡啶在PbO2-SPE组合电极上的电氧化研究

分别采用热压法和热压-电镀法制备PbO2-SPE组合电极, 通过循环伏安和稳态极化曲线测量, 研究了这两种电极对2-甲基吡啶电氧化反应的电催化活性, 同时考察了工作电极电解液中有、无液相支持电解质电位与电流密度的关系及不同对电极电解液情况下, 电流密度与过电位和过电位与槽压的关系. 通过一般PbO2电极与热压-电镀法PbO2-SPE组合电极在电流密度与过电位和电流密度与槽压变化的比较, 发现热压-电镀法制备的PbO2-SPE组合电极在相同过电位下具有更高的电流密度, 在相同电流密度下具有较低的槽压.     

Corona Discharge Ionization Source for a Planar High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometer

A corona discharge (CD) ionization source was prepared for a planar high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (FAIMS). The effects of discharge current and discharge distance on ionization efficiency were investigated; and the electric field dependence of the ion injection in the reaction region was studied. The results showed that the discharge current of CD source had good linearity with the intensity of reactant ion peak (RIP), and the RIP intensity increased to a stable level at the discharge distance of >5 mm. An injection electrode was introduced to improve the ionization efficiency. A square-wave voltage applied to the electrode was found to provide optimal performance of ion injection and utilization. The operating parameters of the CD-FAIMS were optimized to achieve trace level detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) sample. The detection limit for DMMP was 0.5 µg/m^3.