新疆阿拉山口啮齿动物及其体外寄生物调查

１９９９年４月和７月对新疆可拉山口进行了现场调查，并布鼠夹Ⅰ４００夹次，捕获鼠类１１４只，１０个种，首次捕获柽柳沙鼠（Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓ ｔａｍａｒｉｓｃｉｎｕｓ）５只；获得蚤类８种，其中六齿细蚤（Ｌｅｐｔｏｐｓｙｌｌａ ｓｅｘｄｅｎｔａｔａ）雌性为国内新纪录；从家畜（牛、羊）和鼠体上获得蜱类８种，革螨５种，恙螨１种。     

哈尔滨鼠疫自然疫源地调查分析

哈尔滨是黑龙江省省会。所辖７个区、１２个县（市）。总面积５．３万ｋｍ２，人口９６０万。２０００年在疫区及其周边地区开展了系统的动物鼠疫流行病学监测。监测面积 ２０ ０００ｈｍ２。调查单公项样方１００个（黄鼠出蛰及分居期各５０个）。捕获黄鼠４８只，平均黄鼠密度为０．４８只／ｈｍ２。采用５米夹线法按不同生境布夹，用白面油饼做诱饵，共调查 １５００夹次，捕获野外夜行鼠９１只。其中褐家鼠３３只、黑线姬鼠２８只、小家鼠１８只、大仓鼠１２只。 ２０００年共梳检活体黄鼠７３３只，带蚤黄鼠１１１只，染蚤率为１５．１…     

新疆塔里木盆地中部啮齿动物及其生态学调查

１９９７年３月底至４月初，对新疆塔里木盆地中心地进行了啮齿动物区系调查，布夹３５５０夹次，共捕获啮齿动物７种，１９２只，总捕获率为５．４％。其中，荒漠区下来３２００夹次捕获啮齿动物１４７只，捕获率为４．６％；人为生活区３５０－夹次捕获啮齿动物４５只，捕获率１２．９％。沙漠公路沿线生境大致可分类三个植被型：１．荒漠河岸林捕获率为５．５％，主要以子午沙鼠为优势种。２．荒漠灌丛捕获率为４．３％，以毛脚跳     

巍山县永建乡小型兽类感染肝毛细线虫调查

１９９８年９月,在云南省巍山县永建乡捕获小型兽类９０８只,隶属４目５科７属１３种。以黄胸鼠为优势种,占９７．３６％。剖检９０５只,有４种４３８只感染肝毛细线虫,感染率４８．４０％。其中黄胸鼠８８１只,阳性４３５只,感染率４９．３８％。     

新疆巴楚县夏河林场小型鼠类及其体外寄生物调查

目的调查塔里木盆地荒漠型黑热病疫区小型啮齿动物本底情况。方法夹日法和动物昆虫分类法调查动物密度、分布和体外寄生虫。结果总捕获率为9.91%（578/5802）。共捕获7种啮齿动物,小家鼠和子午沙土鼠分别占总数的47.9%和29.1%,荒漠区科氏三趾矮跳鼠,毛脚三趾跳鼠和子午沙土鼠分别占总数的36.8%,28.7%和21.8%。从5种鼠类获得6种体外跳蚤和7种体外寄生蜱螨。结论本次调查的小型啮齿动物和体外寄生物结果与以往调查结果相似,仅荒漠区科氏三趾矮跳鼠数量比过去有所上升。     

河北省康保牧场小毛足鼠数量及其分布

目的掌握小毛足鼠在康保牧场数量及其分布的情况,为鼠疫、鼠害的防治工作提供参考依据。方法采用5 m夹线法进行调查,并计算小毛足鼠捕获率;结合野鼠密度调查及鼠情疫情踏查工作,收集其数量及分布信息。结果1982～2007年采用5 m夹线法,共布夹54 575夹次,捕获小毛足鼠141只,平均捕获率为0.258%;野鼠密度调查,共捕获小毛足鼠41只;鼠情疫情踏查,共捕获小毛足鼠5只。结论小毛足鼠在康保牧场全境均有分布,时间上亦呈连续分布,其栖息生境主要为草滩、林地、坡麓、耕地等。     

哈尔滨市鼠疫监测结果分析

哈尔滨市是人为的历史鼠疫疫点,为控制鼠疫流行,依据“全国重点监测方案”的要求,开展了鼠疫监测工作。1 监测指标完成情况1.1 鼠密度调查 1991～1995年共调查样方500个,监测面积500ha,共捕获黄鼠506只,平均鼠密度1.01只/ha。野外夜行鼠数量调查,1991～1995年共布夹8400夹次,捕获鼠401只,捕获率4.77％。其中大仓鼠为177只,黑线姬鼠81只,黑线仓鼠58只,褐家鼠50只,小家鼠35只。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠区鼠疫疫源调查报告

１９９５年５－１０月，对塔克拉玛干沙漠地区进行了鼠疫调查，调查面积为９．２万ｋｍ＾２，在调查区内捕获啮齿动物７种，其中长耳跳鼠和子午沙鼠为区内优势种，分布较广，前者捕获率为１．６５％，后者捕获率为６．６８％，采集跳蚤４种３５８只，用常规细菌学检验小型鼠脏器６８４份，未分离到鼠疫苗。根据此次调查结果及以往资料综合分析，认为在调查区内存在鼠疫疫源地可能性不大。     

乌鲁木齐戈壁荒漠动物鼠疫自然疫源地调查

目的了解和掌握乌鲁木齐地区准噶尔盆地古尔班通古特沙漠南缘荒漠戈壁啮齿动物与媒介蚤的分布、生境、种类。方法在戈壁荒漠生境内捕获鼠种,调查洞群平均鼠数、鼠种的分布,梳检鼠体蚤并进行血清学检测。结果夹捕法捕获鼠210只,有大沙鼠、子午沙鼠、红尾沙鼠和柽柳沙鼠;洞群覆盖率为10.8%,洞群密度为8.4洞群/hm^2,有鼠洞群平均鼠为0.5只/洞;鼠群栖息率为92.7%,有鼠洞群密度为7.8只/hm^2,平均鼠密度为3.9/hm^2;染蚤鼠149只,获蚤数为3 464只,染蚤率为70.92%,其中簇鬃客蚤为优势种,占总数的49.3%;血清学监测210份,其中5份血清阳性。说明调查区域内近期发生过沙土鼠鼠间鼠疫流行。结论初步掌握戈壁荒漠鼠类、蚤种,为开展类似调查提供了科学依据,长期系统的调查鼠密度和血清学检测,对杜绝人间鼠疫暴发有着科学意义。     

长江南京段江滩鼠类日本血吸虫感染调查

目的了解鼠类在南京市阳性钉螺形成中的作用。方法用鼠夹法和鼠笼法捕获老鼠，调查南京市部分江滩的鼠类分布和鼠密度，对捕获鼠进行分类并解剖观察血吸虫感染情况。结果共放置鼠夹和鼠笼3865个，捕获鼠类8只，其中黑线姬鼠3只，沟鼠5只。经解剖均未发现有血吸虫寄生。结论鼠类在南京市阳性钉螺形成中的作用较小。     

Changes in the liver weight in the elderly

To elucidate the effect of aging on liver weight in the elderly, 582 elderly cases (male 291, female 291), were selected from 2000 elderly autopsied cases on the basis of being free from pathological findings affecting liver weight. Both liver weight and its ratio to body weight decreased with age, and influenced by obesity; the former increased and the latter decreased in obese cases. Analysis according to the degree of obesity also showed decrease of liver weight and is ratio to body weight with age. Comparison between males and females of the same decade revealed the tendency that in females the liver weight was low, while liver weight.body weight ratio was high. The same results were obtained by analysis based on the degree of obesity.     

Oxprenolol in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

Controversy continues to surround the value of drug treatment of hypertension in the elderly. Epidemiologic evidence implicates hypertension as a major risk factor in the precocious development of stroke and coronary heart disease in the elderly subject as clearly as it is implicated in the younger person. The hemodynamic and neuroendocrine profiles of the older patient with essential hypertension are similar to those of younger patients in the stable phase of the disease. However, the arterial ravages induced by many years of sustained hypertension render the circulation of the elderly subject more sensitive to pharmacologic intervention. The benefit-risk ratio of most antihypertensive drugs appears to be inversely related to age. Diuretics reduce the blood pressure at rest but have no influence on the increases in systolic pressure during normal activity; in addition, they carry potentially serious metabolic hazards in the elderly hypertensive patient. Centrally acting drugs likewise lower the blood pressure at rest without influencing the high systolic pressures induced by exercise. They also enhance the tendency to endogenous depression. Adrenergic-neurone blocking drugs and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists are contraindicated because of the frequency of impaired cardiovascular reflexes in the elderly. The beta-blocking drugs can reduce the risk of coronary and cerebrovascular disease in the older patient with hypertension. They appear to be well tolerated, but because of their impaired metabolic handling in many elderly patients they should probably be used in smaller doses than those prescribed in younger patients. The influence of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the elderly hypertensive patient is not known.