Density and Volumes of Mixing of the Ternary System Ethylbenzene + Styrene + Ethyl Acrylate and its Binaries at 298.15 K

Densities of the ternary system, ethylbenzene + styrene + ethyl acrylate, and its three binaries have been measured in the whole composition range at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes are positive for the binary system, ethylbenzene + ethyl acrylate, and negative for the systems ethylbenzene + styrene and styrene + ethyl acrylate. The corresponding data were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several models were used to correlate the ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and were found to fit the data equally well. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.     

Volumetric Properties of Toluene with Ethyl Acrylate, Butyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate, and Styrene at 25°C

Densities of the binary systems of toluene with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition, at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densitometer. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are negative for systems toluene + (ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and styrene) and positive for the system toluene + methyl methacrylate.     

Volumetric Properties of the Ternary System Dimethyl Carbonate + Butyl Methacrylate + Allyl Methacrylate and Its Binary Butyl Methacrylate + Allyl Methacrylate at 293.15 K and p=101.325 kPa

Densities of the ternary system dimethyl carbonate + butyl methacrylate + allyl methacrylate and its binary subsystem butyl methacrylate + allyl methacrylate have been measured in the whole composition range, at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes of the binary system are positive and were correlated with the Redlich?CKister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several models were used to correlate ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and found to fit the data equally well. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.     

Volumetric Properties of Ethylbenzene with Ethyl Acrylate,Butyl Acrylate,Methyl Methacrylate,and Styrene at 298.15 K

Densities of the binary systems of ethylbenzene with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densitometer. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are positive for the systems ethylbenzene + (methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate) and negative for the systems ethylbenzene + (butyl acrylate, styrene).     

Excess Molar Volumes of Tetrahydrofuran with Ethyl Acrylate,Butyl Acrylate,Methyl Methacrylate,and Styrene at 298.15 K

Densities of the binary systems of tetrahydrofuran (THF) with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are negative for all the systems studied. The system THF + methyl methacrylate behaves almost ideally.     

Temperature Dependence of Excess Molar Volumes of Ethanol + Water + Ethyl Acetate

In order to design and optimize equipment needed for production of distilled alcoholic beverages, an adequate knowledge of their physical properties and phase equilibria is necessary. The key thermodynamic information needed is for those chemicals that are the main components in terms of nonideal behavior. In this paper we present the temperature dependence of the excess molar volumes of the ternary system ethanol + water + ethyl acetate in the range 288.15–323.15 K at atmospheric pressure, due to the importance of ethyl acetate among the flavor compounds contained in this type of beverage. The observed excess molar volumes are usually negative over the whole homogeneous composition range, but take on positive values as the binary ethanol + ethyl acetate system is approached and the liquid phase separation region is observed. Because the current process designs are strongly computer oriented, the accuracy of theoretical model predictions was examined. The experimental data were used to test the capability of the Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) equation of state to predict the ternary mixture behavior from binary mixture interaction parameters, which were obtained from previously published data. Derived properties, such as partial the excess molar volumes, excess isobaric expansibility, and the pressure derivative of excess molar enthalpy at constant temperature were calculated, due to their importance in the study of specific molecular interactions.     

Density, Excess Volumes, and Partial Volumes of the Binary Systems of Dimethyl Sulfoxide + Ethyl Acrylate, Butyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate, and Styrene at 298.15 K

Densities of the binary systems of dimethyl sulfoxide with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been measured as a function of the composition at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess volumes were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. The excess volumes are negative for the four binaries, probably as a result of the large dipole moment of DMSO, becoming smaller as the monomer becomes more branched or longer, and the dipole moment per monomer unit becomes larger.     

Volumetric Behaviour of Acrylic Esters (Methyl-, Ethyl-, and Butyl Acrylate) + 1-Alcohol (Heptanol,Octanol, Decanol and Dodecanol) at 298.15 K and 308.15 K

Abstract

New experimental data on densities and excess volumes (V^E) for methyl acrylate (MA)+, ethyl acrylate (EA)+, or butyl acrylate (BA)+1-heptanol, +1-octanol, +1-decanol and +1-dodecanol are reported at (298.15 and 308.15) K. The excess volumes were fitted to Redlisch-Kister type equation. The variations in excess volumes with the alkyl chain length of both the components are explained in terms of molecular interactions.     

Densities and Viscosities of the Ternary Mixture (Benzene + 1-Propanol + Ethyl Acetate) at 298.15 K

Abstract

Densities and viscosities of the ternary mixture (benzene + 1-propanol + ethyl acetate) and the corresponding binary mixtures (benzene + 1-propanol, benzene + ethyl acetate and 1-propanol + ethyl acetate) have been measured at the temperature 298.15 K. From these measurements excess volumes, V^E , excess viscosities, η^E, and excess Gibbs energies of activation for viscous flow, G*^E , have been determined. The equation of Redlich-Kister has been used for fitting the excess properties of binary mixtures. The excess properties of the ternary system were fitted to Cibulka's equation.     

Densities and volumes of mixing of the ternary system toluene + butyl acrylate + methyl methacrylate and its binaries at 298.15 K

Densities of the ternary system toluene + butyl acrylate + methyl methacrylate and its three binaries have been measured in the whole composition range, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes are positive for the binary systems toluene + methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate + methyl methacrylate and negative for the system toluene + butyl acrylate. The corresponding data were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several empirical equations were used to correlate the ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and were found equally good to fit the data. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.     

Experimental and theoretical study of excess molar volumes and enthalpies for the ternary mixture butyl butyrate + 1-octanol + decane at 308.15 K

This paper reports measurements on excess thermodynamic properties for the ternary system: butyl butyrate+1-octanol+decane at the temperature 308.15 K and atmospheric pressure.The binary and ternary experimental data were correlated using the Redlich-Kister and Cibulka equation, respectively. Experimental values were compared with the predictions obtained by several contribution models and several empirical equations.     

Phase Equilibria in the Systems Ethyl 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ether + Benzene + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane and Benzene + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane at 94.00 kPa

Abstract

Consistent vapor-liquid equilibria data at 94.00 kPa have been determined for the ternary system ethyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether + benzene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and for its constituent binary benzene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, in the temperature range 343 to 370 K. The systems exhibit slight positive deviations from ideal behavior and the system benzene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane presents an azeotrope. The VLE data have been correlated with the mole fraction using the Redlich-Kister, Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC, and Tamir relations. These models, in addition to UNIFAC, allow good prediction of the VLE properties of the ternary system from those of the pertinent binary systems.     

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibria and excess molar volumes for the ternary mixtures containing 2-methyl pyrazine

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 353.15 K and excess molar volumes (V^E) at 298.15 K are reported for the binary systems of ethyl acetate (EA)+cyclohexane and EA+n-hexane and also for the ternary systems of EA+cyclohexane+2-methyl pyrazine (2MP) and EA+n-hexane+2MP. The experimental binary VLE data were correlated with common g^E model equations. The correlated Wilson parameters of the constituent binary systems were used to calculate the phase behavior of the ternary mixtures. The calculated ternary VLE data using Wilson parameters were compared with experimental ternary data. The experimental excess molar volumes were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation for the binary mixtures, and Cibulka’s equation for the ternary mixtures.     

Nd(naph)3-Al(i-Bu)3体系催化丙烯酸乙酯及丙烯酸亚丁酯聚合

丙烯酸酯类极性单体的聚合反应通常采用自由基型引发剂。过渡金属化合物与烷酸铝所组成的配位催化剂对这类极性单体的催化聚合迄今仍处于研究阶段。我们在稀土催化环氧烷烃聚合的基础上曾研究了稀土钕的磷酸盐体系催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯、正丁酯的聚合。本文研究了环烷酸钕体系催化丙烯酸乙酯及丙烯酸正丁酯的聚合特征。     

Volumetric and acoustic properties of the ternary system (1-butanol+1,4-dioxane+cyclohexane)

Densities and speeds of sound for the ternary system 1-butanol+1,4-dioxane+cyclohexane have been measured at the temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Excess molar volumes and excess isentropic compressibilities have been calculated from experimental data and fitted by the Redlich-Kister equation for ternary mixtures. The ERAS model has been used to calculate excess molar volumes of the ternary mixture from parameters obtained from the constituent binary mixtures.     

Thermophysical Properties of the Ternary System 2-Methoxyethanol + Acetonitrile + 1,2-Dichloroethane, and the Binary Systems at 25°C

Excess molar volumes, change of refractive indexes, and deviation of dynamic viscosity of the 2-methoxyethanol + acetonitrile, 2-methoxyethanol + 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetonitrile + 1,2-dichloroethane binary systems and the excess molar volumes of 2-methoxyethanol + acetonitrile + 1,2-dichloroethane ternary system have been determined at 25°C and at atmospheric pressure, by measuring densities, refractive indexes, and viscosities over the entire range of composition. These derived data of binary and ternary mixtures were fitted to Redlich–Kister and Cibulka equations, respectively. An estimation of excess volumes is also evaluated using a modified Heller equation, which depends on the refractive indexes of the mixture. A comparison of the predictions by different methods with the experimental values of the physical properties has been made.     

Penultimate Propagation Kinetics of Butyl Methacrylate,Butyl Acrylate,and Styrene Terpolymerization

The pulsed‐laser polymerization technique is used to determine the composition‐averaged free‐radical propagation rate coefficient (k_p,ter) for terpolymerization of butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and styrene between 60 and 120 °C. A significant deviation from terminal model predictions is observed for the ternary system, indicating that penultimate kinetics are important at these industrially relevant temperatures. The implicit penultimate propagation model, with all the coefficients taken from previous studies of the binary systems, provides a good prediction of the experimental k_p,ter results.

     

Excess molar volumes and viscosities of the ternary systemn-butylamine + 1,4-dioxane + acetonitrile at 25°C

Densities and viscosities for the n-butylamine + 1,4-dioxane + acetonitrile system were determined at 25°C and molar excess volumes and excess viscosities were calculated. Of the different expressions existing in the literature that predict these excess properties for ternary mixtures from data for the binary mixtures, the empirical correlation of Singh et al. is the best for this system.     

Ternary mixture MTBE+1-pentanol+nonane at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Densities at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter, for the ternary mixture methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)+1-pentanol+nonane and for the involved binary mixture 1-pentanol+nonane. In addition, excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. Suitable fitting equations have been used in order to correlate adequately the excess molar volumes. Experimental data were also used to test several empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from experimental binary results.     

Excess molar volumes and deviation in viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of acrylic esters with hexane-1-ol at 303.15 and 313.15 K

Densities and viscosities for the four binary liquid mixtures of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate with hexane-1-ol at temperatures 303.15 and 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure were measured over the entire composition range. These values were used to calculate excess molar volumes and deviation in viscosities which were fitted to Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. Recently proposed Jouyban Acree model was also used to correlate the experimental values of density and viscosity. The mixture viscosities were correlated by several semi-empirical approaches like Hind, Choudhary–Katti, Grunberg–Nissan, Tamura and Kurata, McAllister three and four body model equations. A graphical representation of excess molar volumes and deviation in isentropic compressibility shows positive nature whereas deviation in viscosity shows negative nature at both temperatures for all four binary liquid mixtures. Positive values of excess molar volumes show that volume expansion is taking place causing rupture of H-bonds in self associated alcohols. The results were discussed in terms of molecular interactions prevailing in the mixtures.