复合成核剂对PP/POE共混体系等温结晶行为的影响

以低分子量尼龙6为主体制备了一种新型复合成核剂NF-10,采用差示扫描量热分析仪、偏光显微镜等分析手段研究了该成核剂对聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(PP/POE)共混体系结晶温度、结晶形态、等温结晶及其动力学的影响。结果表明:NF-10可以提高PP/POE体系的结晶温度、结晶度和结晶速率,减小体系结晶球晶的尺寸,提高晶核密度,显著改善PP/POE共混体系结晶性能。     

PP无卤阻燃复合材料性能研究

采用双辊塑炼机制备了不同组分的聚丙烯(PP)无卤阻燃复合材料。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了Mg(OH)2、乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)、相容剂PP-g-MAH对PP无卤阻燃复合材料的热行为、结晶形态和微观结构的影响。结果表明:Mg(OH)2和POE两种成核剂的异相成核作用提高了共混物中PP的结晶温度和结晶速率;Mg(OH)2的加入使球晶颗粒变得细小且有碎晶产生;POE大分子链使PP分子链的扩散和堆积受阻,阻碍了晶粒的生长,从而导致PP/Mg(OH)2/POE复合材料结晶度的降低。PP-g-MAH的加入可以提高PP与Mg(OH)2的界面相容性,当PP/Mg(OH)2/POE/PP-g-MAH的配比为80/100/20/2时,PP无卤阻燃复合材料可以同时拥有良好的力学性能和阻燃性能。     

β成核剂协同增韧PP/POE复合材料性能研究

将β成核剂加入到PP/POE(聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体)体系中,进行熔融共混,经成型加工制备标准样条,测试样条的拉伸性能、冲击性能、结晶性能以及热力学性能。研究结果表明:β成核剂的加入可有效改善PP/POE力学性能最佳;β成核剂的加入可有效改善PP/POE体系的结晶情况,随着POE在体系中含量的增加,结晶度呈现逐渐减小的趋势。     

山梨醇类成核剂对PP/POE共混体系性能的影响

研究了山梨醇类成核剂ZC-3对PP／POE共混体系性能的影响，并对共混体结晶进行了表征。结果表明：成核剂的加入不仅使PP／POE共混材料韧性提高，同时可改善其刚性，从而使综合力学性能得到平衡，且成核剂的加入使球晶尺寸显著降低，POE在PP中分散更为均匀。POE的理想用量为10％（质量分数），成核剂ZC-3的最佳用量为0．3％。     

POE和自制成核剂协同增透增韧PP的研究

以弹性体乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和自制成核剂为助剂制备了高韧性、高透明聚丙烯(PP)材料.通过DSC、PLM、雾度等测试手段研究了不同POE含量的共混体系的结晶行为、力学和透明性能.结果表明:随着弹性体POE加入量的不断增加,PP的结晶度出现先增大后降低的变化趋势;弹性体POE在加入量较少(质量分数小于10%)时和成核剂具有协同成核效果,可以提高PP的结晶峰温度,提高结晶度,降低材料雾度;在POE质量分数为10%时,可以很好地改善体系的加工性能.     

PP/POE/石墨烯纳米复合材料的结构及性能研究

通过熔融混合法,将热还原氧化石墨/PP-g-MA母料添加到非极性聚烯烃共混物PP/POE中,制备得到石墨烯以很少片层堆积在非极性聚烯烃共混物中的纳米复合材料。X射线衍射和透射电镜分析表明热还原氧化石墨在PP/POE中分散较好。因而热还原氧化石墨对体系的结晶具有较好的成核作用,同时赋予其良好的电学性能,导电逾渗阈值为1.5%。此外,复合体系的热稳定性能显著提高。     

聚丙烯／间同1，2-聚丁二烯共混物的等温结晶动力学

利用Avrami方程研究了聚丙烯（PP）及PP／间同1，2-聚T2烯（s—PB）共混物的等温结晶动力学。DSC研究表明：在相同的结晶温度下，如128℃时共混物的结晶速率为0．45min^-1，比纯PP的0．17min^-1大，s-PB起到了成核剂的作用，使共混物的结晶速率加快；共混物的Avrami指数n为2．71～323，共混物的结晶主要是以三维方式增长、异相成核。共混物的Arrhenius结晶活化能为309．35kJ·mol^-1比纯PP的338．11kJ·mol^-1低，结晶活化能的降低也证明了s-PB在共混物的结晶过程中起到了成核剂的作用并使结晶速率加快。     

增容剂对PP/PA66共混物力学性能和结晶行为的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/聚酰胺66(PA66)共混物,研究了聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)作为增容剂对PP/PA66共混物力学性能和非等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明:PP-g-MAH提高了共混体系的拉伸强度,加入5份POE-g-MAH能显著提高共混物的断裂伸长率;PA66可起到异相成核作用,使PP的结晶峰温度升高;加入PP-g-MAH进一步提高了PP的结晶峰温度;PA66使PP的结晶活化能增大,增容剂的加入则使共混体系中PP的结晶活化能降低。     

PP/POE/石墨烯复合材料的等温结晶动力学研究

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了热还原氧化石墨烯(TRG)对聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物(PP/POE)等温结晶的影响,并用Avrami方程分析了PP/POE和加入石墨烯的PP/POE/TRG两个体系的结晶动力学。结果表明,Avrami指数n在这两个体系中的数值接近,在结晶温度升高时两个体系的半结晶时间会相应增大,其中PP/POE/TRG复合体系的半结晶时间比PP/POE明显减小,结晶速率更大,表明加入的石墨烯具有较好的异相成核作用。此外,PP/POE/TRG复合体系中PP的相对结晶度比在PP/POE中增大,结晶温度对PP/POE/TRG复合体系熔融温度的影响较小。     

成核剂对PET/PEN共混物性能影响及其机理研究

利用差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射和转矩流变测试等手段,研究了成核剂碳酸氢钠、苯甲酸钠和乙烯-甲基丙烯酸离子键聚合物(Surlyn)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET/PEN）共混物结晶性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,3种成核剂均能显著提高共混物的成核作用,其中,Surlyn和苯甲酸钠能明显提高共混物结晶性能,结晶峰温度提高约20 ℃,结晶速度提升近1倍;3种成核剂中,只有Surlyn在提高结晶性能的同时,还能提高共混物的力学性能;Surlyn是PET/PEN共混物理想的成核剂。     

Synergistic toughening effects of nucleating agent and ethylene–octene copolymer on polypropylene

The synergistic toughening effect of nucleating agent (NA) and ethylene–octene copolymer (POE) on polypropylene was studied in the present work. Two different nucleating agents, such as α-form nucleating agent 1,3 : 2,4-bis (3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (DMDBS, Millad 3988) and β-form nucleating agent aryl amides compounds (TMB-5), were selected to blend with PP or PP/POE blends, respectively. The results show that PP containing 0.5–0.25 wt % DMDBS or 0.5–0.25 wt % TMB-5 has relatively low impact strength. For PP/POE blends, although the impact strength increases gradually with the increasing of POE content, high content of POE is needed to obtain the available PP toughness. However, once nucleating agent and POE are simultaneously added into PP, PP/POE/NA blends show great improvement of toughness even at low POE content. Furthermore, the synergistic toughening effect of POE/TMB-5 is more apparent than that of POE/DMDBS. SEM results show that whether DMDBS or TMB-5 has no apparent effect on the morphologies of POE in the PP/POE/NA blends. Further investigations using DSC and POM indicate that both DMDBS and TMB-5 induce the apparent enhancement of the crystallization temperature of PP and the sharp decrease of spherulites size of PP in the PP/POE/NA blends. The possible synergistic toughening mechanism is discussed in the work. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

成核剂对增韧聚丙烯力学性能的影响

主要研究成核剂种类及用量对乙烯－辛烯共聚物（POE）增韧聚丙烯（PP）力学性能的影响。研究表明：随着成核剂NA1的加入,PP／POE共混物的透明性、冲击强度、弯曲强度、拉伸屈服强度均明显提高,研制的改性PP的透明性、韧性和刚性得到了平衡。     

Melting characteristic and β‐crystal content of β‐nucleated polypropylene/polyamide 6 alloys prepared using different compounding methods

BACKGROUND: The distribution of nucleating agents in different phases is still an open question in general, and how to control conditions to prepare alloys rich in β‐crystals of polypropylene (PP) is hardly reported. The main goal of this study was to find out the factors influencing the β‐crystal content in β‐nucleated PP/polyamide 6 (PA6) alloys and determine the best preparation conditions to obtain β‐nucleated PP/PA6 alloys rich in β‐crystals. RESULTS: The compounding methods had little influence on the crystallization temperature of both PP and PA6. However, the melting characteristic and β‐crystal content in β‐nucleated PP/PA6 alloys not only depended upon the compounding methods, but also on the temperature at which the nucleating agent was added. A higher β‐crystal content can be obtained by adding the nucleating agent at a temperature below 190 °C, which is also dependent on the mixing time. CONCLUSION: It is proved by etching the alloys with sulfuric acid that the nucleating agent mainly disperses in the PA6 phase and/or the interface between PP and PA6 when blended at high temperature. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of the compatibilizer on the morphology and properties of dynamically cured PP/POE/epoxy blends

Dynamic vulcanization was successfully applied to epoxy resin reinforced polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐octene copolymer (POE) blends, and the effects of different compatibilizers on the morphology and properties of dynamically cured PP/POE/epoxy blends were studied. The results show that dynamically cured PP/POE/epoxy blends compatibilized with maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAH‐g‐PP) have a three‐phase structure consisting of POE and epoxy particles dispersed in the PP continuous phase, and these blends had improved tensile strength and flexural modulus. While using maleic anhydride‐grafted POE (MAH‐g‐POE) as a compatibilizer, the structure of the core‐shell complex phase and the PP continuous phase showed that epoxy particles could be embedded in MAH‐g‐POE in the blends, and gave rise to an increase in impact strength, while retaining a certain strength and modulus. DSC analysis showed that the epoxy particles in the blends compatibilized with MAH‐g‐PP were more efficient nucleating agents for PP than they were in the blends compatibilized with MAH‐g‐POE. WAXD analysis shows that compatibilization do not disturb the crystalline structure of PP in the blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

新型α和β成核剂对PP结晶和力学性能的影响

在聚丙烯(PP)中加入两种新型成核剂:二苄叉山梨醇衍生物YS-688(α成核剂)和芳酰胺类化合物TMB-5(β成核剂),通过密炼–挤出的方法制备了PP/成核剂共混物材料。通过偏光显微镜、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热和力学性能测试研究了这两种成核剂对共混物结晶和力学性能的影响。结果表明,两种成核剂在适量时均能提高PP的结晶速率和结晶度,细化晶粒,且使晶体界面模糊,其中TMB-5具有较强的诱导PPβ晶成核的能力,当其质量分数为0.075%时,可使PP形成树枝状的β晶,而YS-688未改变PP的晶型,只生成了α晶。YS-688可提高共混物的拉伸强度,而TMB-5对共混物的拉伸强度影响很小;当两种成核剂质量分数均为0.075%时,共混物的韧性最好,相对于纯PP,PP/YS-688共混物的常温和–30℃缺口冲击强度分别提高了37.41%和12.76%,拉伸强度提高了11.11%;PP/TMB-5共混物的常温和–30℃缺口冲击强度分别提高了100%和55.41%。     

Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene random copolymer/poly(ethylene‐octene) blends

New polymer blends of polypropylene random copolymer (PP‐R) and poly(ethylene‐octene) (POE) were prepared by melt‐blending process using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The POE content was varied up to 35%. The toughening efficiency of POE for PP‐R was evaluated by the mechanical properties of the resulted PP‐R/POE blends. The crystallization behavior and morphology of the blends were also studied. Results show that POE acts as nucleation agent to induce the crystallization of PP‐R matrix at higher crystallization temperature. Super‐toughened PP‐R/POE blends (Izod impact strength more than 500 J/m) can be readily achieved with only 10 wt % of POE. The high toughness of PP‐R/POE is attributed to cavitation and shear yielding of matrix PP‐R, as revealed by the morphology studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

新型丙烯-乙烯共聚物增韧聚丙烯的研究

丙烯-乙烯共聚物Vistamaxx（VM）是一种丙烯摩尔含量占70％以上的新型弹性体。用VM增韧聚丙烯（PP），考察了PP／VM共混物的力学性能、微观形态结构以及结晶性能，并与乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE）与PP的共混体系进行了对比。结果表明，常温下VM增韧效果优于POE，PP／VM体系拉伸性能优于PP／POE体系；VM在PP中表现出比POE更好的分散性；VM具有与PP相同的晶型，VM的加入细化了PP的晶粒。     

超临界CO2辅助挤出制备PP/POE共混物微观形态与性能

采用带有超临界CO2注人装置的双阶挤出机组制备了聚丙烯/乙烯一辛烯共聚物(PP/POE)(100/10)共混物。采用扫描电子显微镜观察了PP/POE共混物脆断面的微观形态,利用ImagePro Plus软件定量分析了弹性体POE粒子在PP基体中分散的平均粒径和粒径分布,通过差示扫描量热仪和偏光显微镜考察了PP/POE共混物的结晶过程。结果表明,当超临界CO2注人量为2. 5份(样品PP2. 5)时,弹性体POE粒子在PP基体中的分散粒径最小,粒径分布最窄;其中最小平均粒径为0.34 μm,粒径分布为1. 44;样品PP2. 5的结晶度最高,为53. 57%,且具有最细小致密的晶体形态。     

Mechanical properties,morphology, and crystallization behavior of polypropylene/elastomer/talc composites

In this study, polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer (PP/POE) blends, PP/talc, and PP/POE/micro‐talc (MT) composites were fabricated using a twin screw. To estimate the performances of the PP/POE blends, PP/talc, and PP/POE/MT composites, mechanical properties, heat deflection temperature (HDT), thermomechanical analysis, and isothermal crystallization characterization were conducted. Incorporating talc particles increased the tensile strength, flexural properties, and HDT of the PP matrix, but reduced the elongation at break and notched impact strength. The inclusion of POE elastomers in the PP matrix yielded the opposite effect on PP/talc composites. PP/POE/MT composites provide a compromise that improves both the flexural properties and notched impact strength. Moreover, the inclusion of talc particles in PP/POE blends induced heterogeneous nucleation and considerably reduced the crystallization time. Consequently, the time required for processing was also greatly reduced. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:69–77, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers