一种电动自行车用无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

本文提出了一种用于电动自行车的无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置信号的检测方法.本文所有测量电压的参考电位为电源的负母线.高速下通过比较电机的交流虚拟中点与直流虚拟中点,得到反电势的过零点;低速下将电机的交流虚拟中点电压与负母线电位进行比较,得到反电势的过零点.再将反电势的过零点延迟30°电角度即可获得无刷直流电机绕组换相所需要的转子位置信号.该方法具有扩展速度范围的优点.由于不必对检测信号进行滤波,不但省去了滤波电路,同时消除了滤波电路带来的相移问题.文中对该检测方法的原理进行了详细介绍,并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

A sensorless drive system for brushless DC motors using a digital phase‐locked loop

This paper proposes a sensorless drive system for Brushless DC (BLDC) motors using a Digital Phase‐Locked Loop (DPLL). The Back Electromotive Force (BEMF) voltage is measured from the motor winding to determine the permanent magnet rotor position using the DPLL, and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) limits the motor current to control the speed of BLDC motors. The proposed method can drive BLDC motors using an open‐loop control without stepping out. Also, the proposed method is compared experimentally with a control method that uses Hall sensors. Experimental results for the BLDC motor show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(1): 57–66, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10074     

一种新型无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

提出一种新的基于假中性点电压交流分量积分过零点的转子位置检测方法。通过对假中性点电压信号特性的分析,提出假中性点电压交流分量积分过零点对应电机换相时刻。该方法低速检测范围更宽,实现简单,不要求无刷直流电机具有理想的梯形波磁场,在直流母线电压低的中小功率应用场合尤其具有技术优势。实验验证了方法的有效性。     

一种特殊直流无刷电机的驱动及调速系统

给出了一种特殊的无刷直流电动机的驱动及调速电路的解决方案 ,该电机主要用作定位系统的陀螺仪 ,由于对速度的稳定性要求较高 ,因此需要稳速电路 ,驱动电路主要用于快速起动。     

无位置传感器无刷直流电机三闭环控制系统

为了减小无位置传感器无刷直流电机的转矩脉动,在传统的转速电流双闭环控制的基础上,增加了功率抑制闭环,构成三闭环控制系统,针对换相转矩脉动提出了分阶段控制策略,有效减小了电机换相转矩脉动和母线换相电流脉动。首先建立无位置传感器无刷直流电机模型,给出功率抑制闭环的控制方法以及数学公式。然后建立三闭环控制模型,通过仿真结果验证了理论分析的结论。最后通过实验验证此控制策略可以将样机转矩抑制在额定转矩附近波动,无明显换相转矩脉动产生。结果表明,与传统的控制方法相比,提出的方法抑制换相转矩脉动的效果更佳。     

A novel microcontroller-based sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for automotive fuel pumps

This paper presents a novel back-electromotive-force (EMF) detection method for sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive systems. By this method, a true back-EMF signal can be directly extracted for each phase without sensing the neutral point of the motor. The method proposed is not sensitive to switching noise and requires no filtering. Good motor performance is achieved over a wide speed range as well. This novel sensing scheme is implemented into a hardware macro cell inside a mixed-signal microcontroller. The proposed microcontroller-based sensorless BLDC drive system has been successfully applied to automotive fuel-pump applications, which require high reliability and intelligence at a low cost.     

Synchronous drive performance of brushless doubly-fed motors

This paper presents studies of the steady-state performance of the brushless doubly-fed machine for adjustable-speed drive applications. The equivalent circuit and basic performance equations are presented followed by a proven technique for the solution of the least restrained form of the equations. Model predictions and experimental results are given. The studies show that the machine acts like both a synchronous motor, with power factor adjustable by control winding excitation, and a slip-ring induction machine with slip power recovery and a low converter rating. The model is suitable for development of control schemes and performance index optimization     

Torque ripple improvement for brushless DC miniature motors

An analytical investigation of the brushless DC miniature motor with permanent magnets is presented. Fundamental equations are derived, and the torque ripple is evaluated by utilizing the performance index, which is defined to be in proportion to the peak-to-peak pulsation of the motor velocity. The torque ripple arising from the flux distributions in a magnet is investigated, and the optimal distribution to minimize the torque ripple is presented. In order to develop a practical method of reducing the torque ripple, the overlapping method and the pulse-width modulation method are used, and the optimal values of the parameters are discussed     

Remedial strategies for brushless DC drive failures

The possibility of developing failure diagnostics and remedial operating strategies, which together will make possible adaptive fault-tolerant operation, is investigated for a brushless DC motor drive with a fan load. Correlations between the predictions of a simulation program and test measurements are shown that provide confidence that the development of fault-tolerant drives can be undertaken with this tool. Methods by which a certain performance level can be reattained by a motor winding and an inverter transistor following some simple faults are examined     

无刷直流电动机的无位置传感器控制

无刷直流电动机的机械位置传感器影响着整个系统的可靠性、成本和体积，甚至在某些场合根本无法安装，因此无刷直流电动机的无机械传感器转子位置检测成为近年来学术界的研究热点。分析了目前国内外文献中所介绍的无位置传感器无刷直流电动控制技术中十种位置检测方法的原理、特点和适用范围，并针对起动方法，控制芯片及其在实际中的应用等相关技术的发展作了现状分析和展望，这些技术的发展可使无刷直流电动机无位置传感器控制系统获得更好的性能。     

无刷直流电机的新型控制器

自抗扰控制（ADRC）是在继承经典PID不依赖于对象模型优点的基础上,通过改进经典PID固有缺陷而形成的新型控制技术,性能优良。在分析永磁无刷直流电机特点及使用现状的基础上,建立了基于自抗扰控制器的无刷直流电机控制系统。仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制器对无刷直流电机模型的不确定性和外部扰动变化具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性,控制器算法简单,工程适用性较强,系统具有良好的动态响应性能。     

无刷直流电机的单片机监控系统的研制

分析了无刷直流电机的控制原理,详细介绍了其监控系统的硬件组成和软件设计。     

Analytical approach to cogging torque calculation of PM brushless motors

This paper discusses the approach to analytical calculation of the cogging torque in permanent-magnet (PM) brushless motors. Magnetic field energy in the air gap has been used to obtain the cogging torque equations. Two equations have been derived: with the PM circumferential width taken into account, and a simplified equation, i.e., without the effect of the finite width of the PM. The effect of eccentricity has also been included. Calculation results have been compared with laboratory test results.     

无刷直流电机PWM_ON_PWM调制方式转矩特性研究

转矩脉动是影响无刷直流电机性能的重要因素。对PWM_ON_PWM调制方式换相区间与非换相区间转矩脉动进行计算与分析,并与其它经常使用的四种调制方式进行对比,以寻求低转矩脉动的最佳PWM调制策略。在换相区间,推导了转矩脉动的解析表达式,绘制了转矩脉动随占空比D的变化曲线,提出根据不同转速采用不同调制方式的控制方法。在非换相区间,分析了关断相续流和非导通相续流产生的条件,总结了不同PWM调制方式非换相转矩脉动的规律,论述了采用PWM_ON_PWM调制方式对非换相转矩脉动的影响。最后对一台10k W无刷直流电机转矩脉动进行测试,验证了所提结论的正确性。     

无位置传感器直流无刷电机软件起动

为了解决无位置传感器直流无刷电机在起动时基于反电动势的位置检测方法无法提取出位置信息的问题,分析了无位置传感器直流无刷电机的起动方法,针对电动车这一特殊的应用场合进行了相应的改进,电动车在起动时有负载且负载情况复杂,对传统的三段式起动法进行改进,设计了无需附加任何起动控制电路的起动控制策略,由软件程序控制电机正常起动,其控制步骤为两次定位、分段加速、调压切换的三段式起动方案.实验结果研究表明此起动控制方法有良好的起动性能,在电动车不同的负载情况下具有很好的控制效果.     

New design for the high-performance drive system for DC brushless motor

The dc brushless motor, permanent magnet-type synchronous motor (PM motor), has been used widely in industrial robots, the machine tools for factory, and factory automations. Therefore, it is more desirable to improve the performance of the PM motor variable speed control system. Although only the torque component current is adjusted as the control method for the PM motor, so-called Vector Control, it is expected that the developed characteristics will be added to the PM motor. In this paper, new driving methods for the PM motor and a new design method for the variable speed control system are presented. The new motor driving methods which bring to the PM motor a new driving performance, e.g., a quick transient response or high-efficiency motor driving, can be implemented by controlling not only the torque component current, but also the magnetizing component current. A developed optimal control theory, i.e., the error system technique, is employed for designing the control system. The control law is endowed with a steady robustness against the variation of the system parameters and the ability of compensating the delay time due to the control processing. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments.     

无位置传感器永磁无刷直流电动机换相策略研究

研究了无位置传感器永磁无刷直流电动机控制系统的换相策略 ,给出了基于PIC18F452单片机和可编程逻辑器件ATF1504AS的软、硬件新方案 ,实现了永磁无刷直流电动机的无位置传感器运行     

New "D-State-Observer"-based vector control for sensorless drive of permanent-magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method that can be applied to both salient-pole and nonsalient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The proposed method estimates phase of rotor flux by a newly developed flux-state observer for sensorless vector control of PMSMs, which is referred to as the "D-state observer". The D-state observer has the following attractive features: 1) it requires no additional steady-state condition for the motor mathematical model; 2) its order is the minimum second; 3) a single observer gain is simply constant over a wide operating range, and easily designed; 4) it utilizes motor parameters in a very simple manner; and 5) its structure is very simple and can be realized at a very low computational load. Usefulness of the proposed method is examined and confirmed through extensive experiments.     

A practical sensorless commutation method based on virtual neutral voltage for brushless DC motor

This paper presents a low‐cost and highly practical sensorless control method for brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives. The developed methodology can generate an accurate commutation signal for the BLDC motor by sensing the back electromotive force zero‐crossing point through the virtual neutral voltage of the motor. Since commutation control is critical for the BLDC motor control, a voltage‐controlled phase shifter comprising a hysteresis comparator and voltage‐controlled resistor is proposed in order to perform phase compensation at different speeds and prevent rapid output oscillations due to noise or high‐frequency ripples in the virtual neutral voltage. Finally, several experiments have been performed on a prototype motor to verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the practicality and reliability of the proposed sensorless drive method. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.