浙中金华地区“2013.3.20”春季雷暴天气过程研究分析

为了探索春季强对流发生发展的机制,利用常规观测资料、MICAPS资料以及新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,采用天气学诊断方法,对2013年3月20日凌晨发生在浙中金华地区的一次大范围的强雷暴天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)高空槽和地面倒槽是此次强对流天气过程的主要影响系统;(2)高空三层为一致的西南急流,水汽输送强;(3)中低层急流附近存在强的垂直上升运动中心且几乎重合,500hPa到地面存在强的垂直风切变,动力条件好;(4)中低层深厚的暖平流与高层弱冷平流相互作用形成了上干冷、下暖湿的不稳定层结;(5)中层冷空气渗透,促使强对流进一步发展,风暴发展为中-β尺度飑线系统,但前沿无阵风锋产生;(6)飑线南段的超级单体风暴发展为非超级单体强风暴,在雷达图上表现为"弓形"回波,其顶点经过武义站时造成27.4m/s(10级)的瞬时大风;(7)VIL高值维持时间较短,不利于冰雹出现。     

四川2008年“9．23”强对流天气中雷电活动和降水结构关系的研究

利用常规气象资料、地闪及TRMM卫星等资料,运用统计和对比的分析方法,对四川“9．23”雷暴过程中地闪的时空演变特征及其与降水结构的关系进行了研究分析。结果表明：沿副高边缘移动的“9．23”雷暴过程主要发生在川西高原以东地区,地闪空间分布集中连续,且主要以双单体雷暴系统的形式出现。处于雷暴系统或单体中心的地面站其地闪频数的峰值提前或同时与降水量峰值出现;而处于雷暴系统或单体边缘的地面站其地闪频数的峰值则更易滞后于降水量峰值。地闪的发生与雷暴云中的水成物粒子的分布状态都有直接的关联性,负地闪放电主要源于雷暴系统中较低的云水及可降水强中心区域,而正地闪放电则源于较高的云冰强中心的边缘处。     

雨滴撞击引起的飞机动量损失分析

近几年来，由于飞机试图在雷暴天气下着陆，发生了若干商用飞机事故。引起事故的主要原因是那些与雷暴单体有关的风切变。事实上飞机除遭遇风切变外，若干飞机还同时陷入大雨单体，由于雨滴撞击和大雨使翼面变粗糙，使飞机遭受动量损失和阻力增大，从而影响了飞机的空气动力性能。通过对雨滴撞击而使飞机遭受的动量损失的分析，作出大雨对飞机空气动力性能影响的评定。     

成都地区雷暴的天气气候特征

利用1986～2000年成都地区的雷暴资料，分析得到：成都地区的多年平均雷暴日数在2430之间，属雷暴较多的地区之一。季节性显著，冬季无雷暴，盛夏雷暴日数占全年雷暴日数的2／3左右。地域性强，大城市的热岛效应对雷暴的发生有促进作用。雷暴天气过程的分析为作好雷暴发生时空域预报提供了好的思路。     

基于TREC的临近预报

基于雷达数据的风暴体识别、追踪及预警方法是最早出现的临近预报技术,也是天气雷达系统和强天气预警业务的基本组成部分.如何准确而快速地发布强对流风暴预警一直是气象工作者关注的重要课题.针对目前天气雷达探测强风暴方法在实际应用中存在的问题,提出了利用单CAPPI资料进行深度优先搜索,从而进行强风暴的识别;利用TREC算法匹配两时刻的风暴单体;根据风暴在过去两时刻的中心位置线性外推从而预报下一时刻风暴的位置.结果表明能较好地识别、追踪和警戒强对流性天气.     

西藏那曲一次特大冰雹的数值模拟研究

针对数值模式在模拟高原强对流天气时,如何选取各种微物理过程方案及表征量的问题。采用中尺度天气模式WRF,对2010年9月25日青藏高原那曲地区的一次午后热力雷暴及其带来的冰雹过程进行数值模拟,探讨了不同微物理过程方案在高原地区的适用性,以及高时空分辨率的诊断量对雷暴的反映。将模拟结果与实况卫星云图对比,显示当模式中微物理过程采用WSM3方案时,模拟效果较为准确。模式输出的高分辨率中尺度要素场能较准确地反映雷暴云团的位置情况,模式输出的各种参量(如CAPE,KIm,假相当位温等)随时间的变化情况,均能较准确地描述热力雷暴发生发展过程。     

2010～2011年西藏雷暴的雷达回波统计特征分析

为了揭示西藏雷暴的雷达回波特征,利用雷暴观测资料和新一代多普勒雷达资料,采用统计分析方法对西藏地区2010、2011年6～9月108个雷暴个例进行了研究,结果表明:西藏高原地区雷暴类型多样,时空分布不均匀,雷暴生命史较短,与平原雷暴有明显的区别。西藏雷暴天气雷达回波源地、移动等有一定的规律性。西藏地区雷暴的回波形状多表现为团块状,其次是孤立的对流云回波;日喀则热力雷暴雷达回波强度大部分在40～50dBz,次之是50～70dBz,动力雷暴回波强度主要在40～60dBz,拉萨热力雷暴和动力雷暴回波强度均主要在30～50dBz;日喀则热力雷暴回波顶高平均5.07km,拉萨热力雷暴回波顶高平均4.79km,日喀则和拉萨地区动力雷暴回波顶高主要集中在6～10km;西藏地区热力雷暴和动力雷暴的垂直液态含水量较低,大部分在30kgm-2以下。     

武义县北部萤石矿采空区地面塌陷基本特征及形成条件探析

武义县是著名的“萤石之乡”,具有近百年的萤石矿开采历史。大规模的采矿活动形成了大量的地表、地下采空区,采空区巷道达几十万米,由采空区引发的地面塌陷灾害屡屡发生。交通干线330国道杨家段地下采空区存在严重的安全隐患；永康-武义公路路基已发生过小规模塌陷；余山头、鱼形角等采空区地面塌陷导致大片良田因地面塌陷而无法耕种；溪里温泉度假区地面塌陷坑在不断扩大；2005年5月,深塘工业开发区建设场地发生地面塌陷。上述种种,严重地威胁包括采空区在内的周边农田、公路交通、旅游点、居民生活环境及人身安全和经济社会发展。了解萤石矿采空区地面塌陷基本特征和形成条件,为采空区地面塌陷灾害防治提供决策依据,具有重要的现实意义和社会效益。     

福建永安雷暴气候特征分析

通过统计福建省永安市1958—2007年逐日雷暴观测资料,找出雷暴发生时空分布、年际、月际和日变化特征。结果表明：永安市雷暴日50年平均68．12日,年际变化呈波动减少趋势,3—9月是雷暴发生的高发期,占全年雷暴的95．3％,月际雷暴发生次数呈单峰型特征,峰值出现在8月,16—17时是一天中发生雷暴的最高期,西南方向发生的雷暴略多于其它方向。     

冰雹云雷达回波自动识别系统

利用CAPPI资料对立体风暴进行识别，计算并提供出实用的风暴结构参数，采用矩心踊跃法和矩不变量法相结合对单体风暴和混合性风暴回波进行跟踪；最小二第线性外推预报；根据WSD－88D的冰雹算法，在风暴结构基础上本文建立了Windows98操作平台上冰雹识别系统，经单站1年11次强对流天气过程的资料检验，结果表明：雹云识别精度达82％。系统建立了大量人机对话框以方便用户，增加实用性及推广性。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。