纤维胆道镜治疗术后残存结石21例分析

目的用0lympusCHP-P10型纤维胆道镜对21例胆石病病人术后残存结石经T管窦道进行取石治疗。探索纤维胆道镜在胆石病病人术后残余结石术中应用价值。方法胆石症病人T管引流术后3周逆行造影后仍有残石为治疗对象。做好术前常规准备，了解残石大小、部位、数目及T管走形。对T管窦道常规消毒，铺无菌巾，直视下胆道镜缓缓插入胆管，按顺序探查胆道，发现结石网篮取石。结果21例镜检中有20例为肝内外胆管残石，其中肝外胆管残石9例，占42．9％，肝内胆管残石5例，占25．8％，肝内胆管及胆总管均有残石7例，占33．3％，最多取石4次，因残石嵌顿取石失败1例，取净20例，取净率95．2％。结论国内文献报道肝胆管术后残余结石率30．36％，另有报告应用胆道镜使残余结石率由44．4％降至7．0％，胆道镜术后取石成功率95．5％，本组成功率95．2％，为提高取石成功率，我们除了采用套、推、冲洗等方法取得治疗残石满意疗效外，我们也对肝内胆管小结石，窦道窄小，结石大排出困难的采用特殊冶疗获得取石满意效果，从而提高了取石成功率。     

肝部分节除治疗肝内胆管结石

目的：探讨肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法：收集总结我院1996年12月－1999年12月期间手术治疗肝内胆管结石病人44例，分析手术适应证，手术方式，残留结石处理等。结果：44例病人，全部治愈，术后残留结石3例，经T管窦道胆道镜取石，2例取净肝内残石；41例得到随访，远期疗效优良达92．7％。结论：肝内胆管结石是外科治疗的一个难题，肝叶切除是治疗肝内胆管结石的最佳方法，术中、术后配合胆道镜取石可降低肝胆管残石率。     

纤维胆道镜在126例肝胆道结石治疗中的应用体会

目的探讨胆道镜术中、术后治疗胆石症的效果。方法对126例胆石症患者的胆道镜术中、术后治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果126例手术常规取石，结石残留率29．4％；术中行胆道镜取石，术后结合胆道造影检查，结石残留率达12．7％;术后再经反复胆道镜取石，结石取出率达100％。结论肝内外胆管结石术中常规应用胆道镜有助于降低胆管残石，术后经T管窦道应用胆道镜取石可有效清除胆管残石。     

肝胆管结石168例的外科治疗

[背景]探讨不同肝内胆管结石手术方式对术后残留结石发生率的影响.[病例报告]总结自2000年1月至2005年6月间给行手术治疗的肝胆管结石168例,其中左肝胆管结石为97例(57.7%),右肝胆管结石为33例(19.6%),左右肝胆管结石为38例(22.7%);合并肝外胆管结石为145例(86.3%);均行常规胆管切开探查取石术,并施行纤维胆道镜取石术,其中有37例行肝叶或肝段切除术.常规胆管切开探查取石后残留结石率为45.2%,肝切除术后残留结石率为18.9%,明显低于胆道探查组(52.7%),差异有统计学意义,经纤维胆道镜取石后最终残留结石率为7.14%.[讨论]肝切除术明显优于其他术式,术中纤维胆道镜的应用对于降低肝胆管结石术后残留结石率具有重要价值.     

93例胆道结石再手术原因分析和处理

目的探讨胆道结石再手术的原因和处理方法。方法回顾性分析93例胆道结石再手术病例的临床资料。结果93例胆道结石术后再次手术的原因主要有：原胆道结石残留或复发72例,肝内胆管结石脱落于肝外胆管21例;再次手术方式：肝胆管空肠Roux-Y吻合内引流术30例（32．3％）,肝外胆管切开取石外引流术63例（67．7％）,其中联合肝叶（段）切除和（或）肝实质切开取石54例（58．1％）。所有病例均用胆道镜配合取石,其中67例采用术中B超实时监控。术后T管造影、B超检查发现残余结石11例（11．8％）,其中再行胆道镜取石6例,4例成功取净结石。术后随访6～36个月,随诊期间未发现复发结石病例。结论采用多种方法联合取石降低残石率,解除狭窄、合理的手术方式是减少再手术的关键。     

纤维胆道镜在治疗胆管结石中的应用体会

目的 总结纤维胆道镜在胆道结石治疗中的临床应用。方法 对90例肝内外胆管结石应用纤维胆道镜治疗术后胆道残余结石的疗效进行分析。结果 应用纤维胆道镜检查取石71例，术后纤维胆道镜取石76例，共行纤维胆道镜取石186次，结石取净82例，结石取净率91．11％，无胆道穿孔等严重并发症发生。结论 术中应用纤维胆道镜能降低胆管结石残石率及再手术率，提高术后胆管残余结石的清除率，值得推广应用。     

纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石330例临床分析

目的探讨纤维胆道镜（纤胆镜）在肝胆管结石手术中和术后的应用价值。方法将择期手术治疗肝胆管结石330例随机分为两组,A组165例术中配合应用纤胆镜治疗,B组165例术后应用纤胆镜治疗,比较两组残石率及A组术中纤胆镜结石取净率与B组术后纤胆镜取净率。结果两组残余结石共39例,总残石率为11．8％。其中A组残余结石13例,残石率为7．9％;B组残余结石26例,残石率为15．8％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A组术中纤胆镜结石取净率为82．7％（62／75）,B组术后纤胆镜取净率为60．6％（40／66）,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肝胆管结石术中或术后应用纤胆镜有助于降低残石率,应力争在术中取净结石。     

120例肝胆管结石再手术原因与治疗

目的 探讨肝胆管结石再手术的原因与治疗.方法 回顾性分析120例肝胆管结石患者的临床资料,其中肝内胆管结石48例,肝外胆管结石60例,肝内外胆管结石12例.手术行胆道撂查取石T管引流60例,不规则肝叶切除24例,胆肠内引流36例,术中应用胆道镜48例,术后应用胆道镜72例.结果 治愈108例.再次手术后经B超,胆道造影证实结石取净率90%.结论 肝胆管结石再手术的主要原因为:胆管狭窄,结石残留,结石复发.再手术应严格遵循"清除结石.解除狭窄与梗阻,矫正畸形,切除病肝,通畅引流"其中"病肝切除,胆管狭窄处的切开整形.肝门大口径胆肠吻合"是提高手术治疗效果的关键.术中术后正确应用纤维胆道镜可降低残石率.     

应用胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石的疗效分析

目的 探讨胆道镜在肝胆管结石治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析50例肝内外胆管结石患者术中、术后应用胆道镜探查取石的临床资料.结果 术中取净结石36例;5例胆总管结石和9例肝内胆管结石病例术中均无法取净;术后经T管窦道胆道镜取石14例,1次取净5例,2～5次取净8例,1例弥漫型肝内胆管结石先后18次胆道镜取石并配合钬激光碎石,最后取净结石.结论 术中、术后应用胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石,可明显提高结石取出率,即使术中无法取净,术后也可通过T管窦道胆道镜取石,创伤小,取石成功率高,患者费用支出相对少.     

肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石82例临床分析

目的探讨肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效．方法回顾性分析了1996年至2004年间该院82例肝内胆管结石患者的临床资料。结果82例患者均行相应的肝叶(段)切除和术中胆道镜检取石，26例(31．7%)术后有结石残留。在有鲒石残留的26例患者中，均行经T管窦道胆道镜取石术，其中21例能取净结石，结石取净率为80．8%，82例患者的总治愈率为93．9％(77／82)，总残石率为6．1％(5／82)．结论肝切除联合胆道镜检是治疗肝内胆管结石的一种有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.