内镜下射频联合记忆合金支架治疗食管贲门重度癌性狭窄效果观察

目的 探讨射频在食管贲门癌重度狭窄（Stooler分级Ⅳ级）支架术前及支架术后再度癌性狭窄的治疗作用。方法 随机选24例食管贲门癌Ⅳ级狭窄常规方法安置支架失败的患者,术前通过射频治疗使病变狭窄处有一直径约0.2cm-1.1cm 通道,再按胃镜直视下放置记忆合金支架。对10例支架术后癌性再狭窄患者,用射频治疗消除新生组织至食管再通。结果 24例患者均一次安置支架成功,无严重并发症。10例支架术后再度癌性狭窄获再通。结论 内镜下射频联合记忆合金支架治疗食管贲门重度癌性狭窄,成功率100％。并使用射频治疗解除支架术后癌性再狭窄,提高支架术的远期疗效。     

食管支架的临床应用及前景

本世纪60年代,外科医生在食管内置入塑料管或树胶管,以解除食管梗阻,开始了食管支架的临床应用.80年代又出现了镍钛合金网状食管支架.近年来,随着覆膜支架、防反流支架和可回收支架等新型食管支架的出现,进一步扩大了食管支架的应用范围,为良性食管狭窄和各种食管瘘口的治疗解决了许多难题,取得了显著效果.     

被膜食管支架治疗食管贲门良性狭窄32例

目的:评价被膜食管支架治疗食管贲门良性狭窄的疗效和安全性.方法:选择食管贲门良性狭窄患者32例,根据不同患者选择合适的被膜食管支架置入狭窄段.观察操作成功率、吞咽困难改善情况、术中术后并发症的发生及其处理等.结果:32例均一次性成功置入支架,支架置入后吞咽困难症状均得到持续改善.所有患者未出现食管穿孔、出血等严重并发症,但均出现不同程度的胸骨后闷胀隐痛不适,其中4例患者胸痛较明显,肌注止痛荆后缓解:3例出现支架脱落:1例出现支架近端肉芽组织增生.支架置入后可有效封闭食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘等.术后6 mo可经内镜成功取出支架.结论:内镜下置入被膜食管支架是治疗食管贲门良性狭窄的一种安全、有效的方法.     

食管支架治疗80岁以上老人食管恶性狭窄9例报告

目的 评价食管支架对治疗80岁以上高龄老人食管贲门恶性狭窄的安全性.方法 采用胃镜直视下对食管贲门恶性病变狭窄段先行适度的预扩张治疗,后再放置食管支架.结果 9例病人均一次放置成功,未发生严重并发症.结论 对80岁以上组织器官功能明显衰退的高龄患者,只要掌握好适应症,术前准备及术后处理充分,术中做好监护,食管支架仍可有效解除患者的进食梗阻问题,提高病人的生存期和生存质量.     

内镜引导置入食管支架的选择与疗效观察

经内镜置入记忆合金支架治疗食管、贲门狭窄,具有迅速解除吞咽困难、明显改善患者生活质量的作用。根据狭窄的原因和特点选用不同类型、型号的支架是治疗成功的关键。1995年1月～1998年10月,我们对无手术适应症的63例食管贲门癌性狭窄、术后吻合口狭窄患者实施食管内支架置放术。现报告如下。临床资料:本组63例中,男43例,女20例;年龄34～80岁,平均57.8岁。食管癌性狭窄37例(合并食管—气管瘘5例,高位狭窄3例)贲门癌狭窄5例,吻合口狭窄21例。方法:术前空腹8h,含服润滑止痛胃镜胶、肌注安定和山莨菪碱各10mg。用内镜直视气囊扩张器将狭窄处扩…     

食管支架置入后再狭窄的内镜治疗疗效观察

食管贲门及吻合口良恶性狭窄置入金属食管支架后能有效解除患者的吞咽困难，改善生活质量，延长生存期。但支架置入后再狭窄的发生率较高，约束了其广泛应用。我院自1998年至2002年对食管贲门及吻合口良恶性狭窄患者置入食管支架共54例，13例出现了支架置入后再狭窄，经内镜下高频电切、微波烧灼，探条扩张或再次置入支架治疗后取得一定的疗效，现报道如下。     

定位器辅助放置食管支架

我院自 1997年 8月～ 1998年 5月采用定位器辅助行非 X线透视下非胃镜直视下放 置食管支架（以下称定位器法）治疗食管狭窄 51例,位置准确无误,疗效明显,现报告如 下。 一、资料和方法 1.临床资料： 51例中男 37例,女 14例。年龄 57～ 74岁。食管癌性狭窄 19例, 食管癌放疗后狭窄 20例,食管（贲门）癌术后吻合口狭窄 10例,吻合口癌复发 2例。 51例中 43例能进流汁饮食, 8例不能进食。食管狭窄长度最长为 18 cm,最狭窄者直径 不足 0.2 cm。 2.材料和方法：支架为江苏西格玛公司 CZES型带膜食管支架及输送器,其中用于食管 下段 、…     

食管气管支架治疗晚期食管上段癌的临床观察

晚期食管癌合并食管狭窄及食管气管瘘临床较为常见,在放疗后、手术后或食管癌晚期,一旦形成会给患者造成极大的痛苦,严重影响生活质量。近几年国内外应用带膜记忆合金食管支架治疗中、下段食管狭窄及食管气管瘘收到良好的疗效,但目前普遍认为距门齿21cm以上的食管上段病变仍属放置的禁忌。2007年6月至2009年1月间我科对6例不易行手术切除及放射治疗的晚期食管上段癌性狭窄及食管气管瘘患者进行了气管食管双腔道支架治疗,报道如下。     

食管支架植入器改进于脱落结肠支架再植入1例报告

正晚期食管癌及结肠癌患者临床上常使用镍钛记忆合金支架治疗癌性狭窄病变。我院1例使用结肠支架的乙状结肠腺癌患者,一月后支架脱落排出体外。我们对通用食管支架植入器进行改进,将脱落的结肠支架成功安装在食管支架植入器,使其再次植入乙状结肠癌性狭窄段,效果满意,现介绍     

内镜下支架置入术治疗消化道狭窄273例

目的:探讨内镜下支架置入术治疗消化道狭窄的临床疗效、安全性及患者的治疗满意度.方法:273例消化道狭窄患者,食管贲门狭窄242例,胃十二指肠狭窄24例,结肠直肠狭窄7例;恶性狭窄256例,良性狭窄17例,所有患者均有不同程度的消化道梗阻症状,其中15例合并食管气管瘘,均行内镜直视下支架置入术,术后观察临床疗效和不良反应...     

Surgical treatment of chronic ischemia of the digestive organs caused by compressive stenosis of the celiac trunk

Compressive stenosis of the celiac trunk is a common cause of chronic ischemia of the digestive organs with consequent morphological and functional changes in these organs. Decompression of the celiac trunk is an effective operation which normalizes the central and visceral circulation and results in resolution of ischemic lesions of the digestive organs and cicatrization of ischemic gastroduodenal ulcers, in particular. In some cases it is necessary to combine decompression of the celiac trunk with other surgical procedures to eliminate complications of ischemic lesions of the stomach and duodenum or other associated lesions.     

消化系多原发癌研究进展

此文对近年来有关消化系多原发癌的诊断、发病机制、临床特点、治疗、预后等方面的研究进行总结。人体的同一脏器或不同脏器发生多个原发癌称多原发癌。在多原发癌中,不同脏器发生者为多重癌。消化系多原发癌的发病机制与微卫星不稳定性(MSI)和基因突变有关。消化系统本身好发癌肿,而消化系伴多原发癌也好发于消化系本身,多原发癌的治疗选择根治性为主的治疗方法。多原发癌中异时性多原发癌预后明显较同时性多原发癌好。     

Future perspectives on the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with cisplatin

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary liver malignancy. Its incidence is increasing worldwide. Surgery, including transplantation resection, is currently the most effective treatment for HCC. However, recurrence rates are high and long-term survival is poor. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has not provided clinical benefit or prolonged survival for patients with advanced HCC. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a key drug for the standard regimens of various cancers in the respiratory, digestive and genitourinary organs. Recently, several encouraging results have been shown in using CDDP in the treatment of advanced HCC patients. This review examines current knowledge regarding the chemotherapeutic potential of CDDP.     

Microsatellite instability in patients with multiple primary cancers of the gastrointestinal tract

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the genetic alterations in multiple primary cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is frequently observed in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and multiple primary cancers is a feature of this syndrome. AIMS: To identify MSI incidence, target gene mutation, and mismatch repair (MMR) protein status in patients with multiple primary cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. SUBJECTS: Fifty seven cancers from 22 Japanese patients with multiple primary cancers of the stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum. METHODS: MSI was examined at 5-7 microsatellite loci. Mutation analysis for TGFbetaRII, IGFIIR, and BAX was performed in cancers with MSI. MMR protein status was examined by immunohistochemical analysis using a monoclonal antibody against hMSH2 and hMLH1. RESULTS: MSI was observed in 16 of 22 patients (73%) and in 29 of 57 lesions (51%). High frequency MSI (MSI-H) was found often in patients with multiple cancers in the same organ (p = 0.042), especially in multiple gastric cancer patients (p = 0.038). In contrast, patients with multiple cancers in different organs had a tendency to show low frequency MSI (MSI-L) or microsatellite stable (MSS) phenotype. Both target gene mutation and decreased expression of MMR protein were found only in seven lesions of three patients with MSI at more than four microsatellite loci. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that genetic instability may play an important role in the development of multiple gastrointestinal cancers but there may be different genetic alterations between multiple gastrointestinal cancers of the same and different organs.     

Clinical analysis of multiple primary malignancies in the digestive system： A hospital-based study

AIM: To analyze the characteristics of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) of digestive system; including incidence, types of tumor combinations, time intervals between development of multiple tumors, clinical course, and prognostic factors affecting survival and mortality. METHODS: Data from a total of 129 patients treated from January 1991 to December 2000 for pathologically proved MPMs, including at least one originating from the digestive system, were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 129 patients, 120 (93.02%) had two primary cancers and 9 (6.98%) had three primary cancers. The major sites of MPMs of the digestive system were large intestine, stomach, and liver. Associated non-digestive cancers included 40 cases of gynecological cancers, of which 31 were carcinoma of cervix and 10 cases of genitourinary cancers, of which 5 were bladder cancers. Other cancers originated from the lung, breast, nasopharynx, larynx, thyroid, brain, muscle, and skin. Reproductive tract cancers, especially cervical, ovarian, bladder, and prostate cancers were the most commonly associated non-GI cancers, followed by cancer of the lung and breasts. Forty-three cases were synchronous, while the rest (86 cases) were metachronous cancers. Staging of MPMs and treatment regimes correlated with the prognosis between survival and non-survival groups. CONCLUSION: As advances in cancer therapy bring about a progressively larger percentage of long-term survivors, the proportion of patients with subsequent primary lesions will increase. Early diagnosis of these lesions, based on an awareness of the possibility of second and third cancers, and multidisciplinary treatment strategies will substantially increase the survival of these patients.     

Digestive cancers in France. Comparison of the incidence in 7 departments and estimation of incidence in the entire country of France]

Estimation of differences in the incidence of digestive cancers in France was made from incidence data coming from 7 French departments covered by population-based registries. For some localizations, such as cancer of the pancreas, incidence variations could be explained by differences in recording techniques. But geographic variations clearly appeared for digestive tract cancers: the incidence of esophageal cancer is 4 to 5 fold less in the departments of Tarn and Haute-Garonne than in the department of Calvados. Conversely, the incidence of colorectal cancer is lower in the department of Calvados than in the others. For the entire country, the estimated number of digestive cancers is 46,300 cases per year. This number represents a third of all cancers in males and a fourth in females. Colorectal cancer (25,700 cases per year) is the most frequent of all cancers in both sexes. Cancer of the stomach (8,200 cases per year) is the second digestive cancer, equal to esophageal cancer in males. The heavy burden of digestive cancers in public health is emphasized by our results. These results should lead our country to intensify research in the direction of primary and secondary prevention.     

microRNA表达谱与消化器官肿瘤的发生、诊断及治疗

microRNA (miRNA)是一种大小约21-23个碱基的、非蛋白编码单链小分子RNA,下调参与许多重要细胞活动(包括发育、增殖、分化、凋亡)基因的表达.近期的研究发现,miRNA在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要的作用,miRNA具有癌基因和抑癌基因的作用.已发现若干miRNA直接参与消化器官(包括肝、结肠、胰腺、胃、胆管)肿瘤的发生和发展,miRNA表达谱与消化器官肿瘤的诊断、病理分级、临床分期、疾病进展、预后和对治疗的反应性等相关.miRNA表达谱可以鉴定能抑制下游活化的癌基因信号途径或作用于与肿瘤发生和发展有关的蛋白编码基因的miRNA靶基因,miRNA介导的治疗还可能用于肿瘤的预防和治疗.     

Aspects of Digestive Tract Tumors in Down Syndrome: A Literature Review

The purpose of this study was to describe the digestive neoplasms found in persons with Down syndrome. Due to intellectual disability, persons with Down syndrome do not convey their symptoms and pain, leading to delayed diagnosis and potentially worse outcome. It is thus important to know which organs are at risk for tumors and possible tumor risk factors. In a review of the literature, we found 13 benign tumors and 127 cancers in 1 fetus, 8 children, and 131 adults with Down syndrome. The review suggests a decreased incidence of digestive cancer, however, with a possible increased incidence of neoplasms of the pancreas and gallbladder. The distribution of cancers is distinct from that in the general population and that in persons with other intellectual disabilities who share the same life conditions, suggesting that constitutional protective factors exist. This review may allow a more specific, adapted medical follow-up for persons with Down syndrome and could help to elucidate the oncogenesis of digestive neoplasms.     

炎症性肠病发生消化道狭窄的临床特点分析

目的探讨住院炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)患者发生消化道狭窄的临床特点。方法纳入2010年1月至2018年12月在中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心住院诊治的IBD患者,对发生消化道狭窄患者的诊治过程和随访情况进行回顾性分析。结果发生消化道狭窄患者118例(23.14%),其中克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)、溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和IBD类型待定(IBD unclassified,IBDU)的消化道狭窄发生率分别为59.02%、6.67%和34.25%,三者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。病程0~10年的消化道狭窄发生率为25.06%,而病程>10年的发生率为14.29%,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.880,P=0.027)。发生消化道狭窄患者中,33.90%(40例)的患者经单纯药物治疗有效;55.93%(66例)的患者予以外科手术治疗,术后并发症发生率为18.46%(12例),10.61%(7例)的患者予以再次手术治疗。27.12%(32例)的患者予以内镜下治疗,内镜治疗有效率为81.25%(26例),18.75%(6例)的患者经内镜治疗无效后行外科手术治疗,内镜治疗术后并发症发生率为3.13%(1例)。结论消化道狭窄是IBD的严重并发症之一,CD的消化道狭窄发生率显著高于UC。有效的内科药物及营养治疗可降低消化道狭窄发生率、手术率。内镜治疗消化道狭窄具有较高的有效性、安全性,可有效避免外科手术的发生。