5-Fu与TRAIL联用抗结肠癌细胞株HT-29效应的实验研究

目的 观察肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)与5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)联用对结肠癌细胞株HT-29体外生长增殖、凋亡的影响,评价其联用效果.方法 体外培养HT-29细胞,采用磺基罗丹明B(SRB)法测定细胞的存活率,Webb系数法判断联用是否具协同作用,流式细胞FITC-Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞的凋亡.结果 结肠癌细胞株HT-29对TRAIL不敏感(IC50＞10 μg·mL-1),对5-Fu敏感(IC50＜10 μg·mL-1);0.1、1、10 μg·mL-1 TRAIL分别与0.05、0.1、0.5 μg·mL-1 5-Fu联用48 h,除0.1 μg·mL-1 TRAIL与0.5 μg·mL-1 5-Fu联用组外,其余联用组细胞存活率均明显低于TRAIL单用组或5-Fu单用组水平;0.1 μ·mL-1 TRAIL及0.5 μg·mL-1 5-Fu单用或联用时,HT-29细胞凋亡率分别为8.6%、18.1%和30.8%.结论 5-Fu 与TRAIL联用具有协同的细胞毒和细胞凋亡作用.     

MK801对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响

摘要： 目的 探究 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体亚型 1（NMDAR1）在结肠癌细胞 HT29 和 SW116 中的表达, 以及 NMDAR1 拮抗剂 MK801 对 HT-29 和 SW116 细胞生长抑制、 凋亡和迁移的影响。方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测 结肠癌细胞 HT-29 和 SW116 细胞表面 NMDAR1 的表达; 应用噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法测定 62.5、 125.0、 250.0、 500.0、 1 000.0、 2 000.0 μmol/L 的 MK801 对于 HT-29 和 SW116 细胞增殖作用的影响; 应用流式细胞术检测 2 000 μmol/L 的 MK801 对 HT29 和 SW116 细胞凋亡的影响; 应用细胞划痕实验检测 50 μmol/L MK801 对于结肠癌细胞 HT-29 和 SW116 迁移能力的影响。结果 结肠癌细胞 HT-29 和 SW116 均表达 NMDAR1, 且主要表达于细胞质中; 各浓度的 MK801 对 HT-29 细胞, 以及浓度为 500.0、 1 000.0、 2 000.0 μmol/L 的 MK801 对 SW116 细胞的生长抑制作用具有时 间效应关系, 24、 48 及 72 h 各 MK801 浓度组对 HT-29 和 SW116 细胞的抑制率随浓度升高整体呈增强趋势, 但抑制 率不呈明显的剂量效应关系; MK801 具有促进 HT-29 和 SW116 细胞凋亡的作用, 且主要表现诱导细胞早期凋亡; MK801 可抑制 HT-29 和 SW116 细胞迁移。结论 NMDAR1 在结肠癌细胞胞质中表达, 且 NMDAR1 拮抗剂 MK801 具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长、 迁移, 促进其早期凋亡的作用, 有望成为新一代抗肿瘤药物。     

塞来昔布对结肠癌HT-29细胞生长及骨桥蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察塞来昔布对结肠癌HT-29细胞的生长、凋亡和骨桥蛋白(OPN)表达的影响.方法 体外培养结肠癌HT-29细胞分为对照组和不同浓度塞来昔布干预组.MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制情况,流式细胞术分析细胞的凋亡,RT-PCR和免疫组化分析细胞中的OPN mRNA与OPN蛋白表达变化.结果 塞来昔布对HT-29细胞增殖有明显的时间与浓度依赖性抑制作用(P＜0.01).塞来昔布能诱导HT-29细胞凋亡,塞来昔布15、30和50μmol/L的细胞凋亡率分别为28.2％、32.8％和33.1％,均明显高于对照组的26.0％ (P＜0.05).药物干预组OPN mRNA及OPN蛋白表达明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 塞来昔布可能通过抑制OPN表达而抑制结肠癌HT-29细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡.     

RGD修饰的多柔比星脂质体的制备及体外抗肿瘤活性

合成了胆固醇-聚乙二醇-RGD (CHOL-PEG 2000-RGD),并经1H NMR确证结构.采用pH梯度法制备多柔比星脂质体,再以上述RGD衍生物为配体以后插入法制备RGD修饰脂质体.所得制品平均粒径为(122.5±2.8) nm,ζ电位为(-18.35±0.78) mV,包封率为(95.23±1.14)％,透射电镜显示脂质体形态为类球体.对黑素瘤细胞B16的体外生长抑制试验结果显示,原药、未修饰及经RGD修饰的多柔比星脂质体的IC50分别为0.264、0.191和0.106 μg/ml.且经RGD修饰的空白脂质体并无明显的细胞抑制作用.     

人参皂甙Rg1诱导HL-60细胞凋亡的初步研究

目的探讨人参皂甙Rg1对急性早幼粒细胞性白血病细胞HL-60的增殖抑制作用以及对细胞周期和凋亡的影响.方法采用MTT法测定药物对细胞的抑制率,通过细胞形态学观察细胞分裂及凋亡,应用流式细胞仪进行细胞周期分析.结果人参皂甙Rg1呈剂量依赖性抑制HL-60细胞增殖,48 h后抑制50%细胞生长的药物浓度(IC50)为85 μg±25 μg.流式细胞仪分析结果显示25～400 μg /ml人参皂甙Rg1作用于HL-60细胞24-72 h后,呈剂量依赖性的将细胞阻滞于G1期,使G1期不能运行到S期,从而影响了肿瘤细胞的有丝分裂, 并且在低于G0/G1期出现典型的凋亡峰.细胞形态学观察可见分裂细胞以及凋亡细胞.结论人参皂甙Rg1能够抑制急性早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60细胞的增殖,诱导G1期阻滞及细胞凋亡.     

青蒿琥酯对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡及β-catenin表达的影响

目的　探讨青蒿琥酯对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡及β-catenin 表达的影响。方法　取对数生长期的结肠癌HT-29 细胞,用12.5 μg/mL、25 μg/mL、50 μg/mL的青蒿琥酯分别培养24 h、48 h 和72 h。MTT 检测细胞增殖;AnnexinV/PI 双染检测细胞凋亡率;流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布;Western blot 检测β-catenin 蛋白表达。结果　MTT 结果显示,青蒿琥酯能明显抑制结肠癌HT-29 细胞增殖,与对照组（0 μg/mL）相比,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）;AnnexinV/PI 检测结果表明,细胞的凋亡率随着青蒿琥酯浓度的增高而逐渐增高,明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化的结果显示,HT-29 细胞G0/G1 期比例与青蒿琥酯浓度呈反比（P<0.05）,G2/M 及S 期比例逐渐增加（P<0.05）。Western blot 检测结果证实,青蒿琥酯处理细胞后β-catenin 表达随药物浓度升高而降低（P<0.05）。结论　青蒿琥酯可抑制结肠癌细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,下调β-catenin 的表达,有望成为临床治疗肿瘤的新型药物。     

CpGODN结合CD28/CD80单抗活化T细胞对结肠癌细胞的杀伤作用

目的研究联合应用CpGODN和CD28/CD80单抗共刺激健康人外周血T淋巴细胞(PBLs)在体外对结肠癌细胞株HT-29的杀伤作用,为结直肠癌的过继免疫治疗可能性提供参考。方法PBLs的分离与体外培养;CD28/CD80共刺激活化PBLs;用含共刺激活化PBMC或/和CpGODN的100ml/L胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基培养细胞,测生长曲线。MTT法检测活化细胞的体外淋巴细胞毒作用,并用电镜观察效应细胞杀伤的结肠癌细胞超微结构及用流式细胞仪检测结肠癌细胞的相关凋亡情况。结果CpGODN本身对HT-29细胞有一定的杀伤作用(P<0.05),CD28/CD80共刺激活化PBLs在体外对结肠癌细胞株HT-29杀伤作用明显(P<0.01),CpGODN与CD28/CD80共刺激活化PBLs合用,对HT-29的杀伤作用显著大于CpGODN单独对HT-29细胞杀伤作用(抑制率92.31%vs68.00%,P<0.01),亦大于单独应用CD28/CD80共刺激活化PBMC对HT-29细胞的杀伤作用(P<0.05),CpGODN增加了HT-29细胞对共刺激活化PBMC的敏感性。电镜结果显示,效应细胞作用24h肿瘤细胞就部分发生坏死,部分肿瘤细胞可见凋亡。流式细胞仪检测效应细胞HT-29细胞72h明显凋亡。结论联合应用CpGODN可以提高单抗协同诱导的效应细胞对结肠癌细胞株HT-29杀伤作用,而坏死细胞进一步增多说明效应细胞是通过诱导肿瘤细胞坏死及细胞凋亡两条途径来实现抑制杀伤作用从而说明活化的淋巴细胞杀伤结肠癌细胞是通过坏死及凋亡实现的。     

Cobra Venom NGF Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Hepatic Stellate Cell

目的:从眼镜蛇毒中分离纯化神经生长因子(Nerve Growth Factor,NGF),观察眼镜NGF对肝星状细胞HSC-T6增殖、调亡活性的影响,进一步为蛇毒NGF在抗肝纤维化治疗提供依据.方法:采用shephadex G-75和CM Sepharose CL-6B二步柱色谱对眼镜蛇毒NGF进行纯化分离;PC12细胞测定各洗脱峰的活性,再用SDS-PAGE鉴定具有NGF活性洗脱峰的纯度和相对分子质量.实验设立空白对照和NGF处理组,分别作用于HSC-T6,培育相应时间,MTT检测眼镜蛇毒NGF对HSC-T6细胞活力影响;HE染色、紫外激光显微镜与透射电镜观察HSC-T6细胞的形态学变化;TUNEL、流式细胞技术检测眼镜蛇毒NGF对HSC-T6细胞凋亡的影响.结果:眼镜蛇毒经PC-12细胞鉴定第Ⅵ峰具有NGF活性;SDS-PAGE检测为电泳纯,相对分子质量为22.3KD;NGF对HSC-T6细胞增殖具有明显抑制作用(2μg/ml NGF的抑制率为49.66％±6.50％,P＜0.05;6.25 μg/ml NGF的抑制率为71.33％±1.53％,P＜0.05);TUNEL法检测发现NGF干预组的凋亡率28.71％±1.59％(2ug/ml NGF)和34.4％±2.49％(5 μg/mlNGF)明显高于对照组的15.85％±1.58％(P＜0.05);流式细胞仪也有同样的发现,NGF干预组的凋亡率16.12％±3.02％(2 ug/mlNGF)和21.15％±3.31％(5 μg/ml NGF)明显高于对照组的2.7％±1.55％( P＜0.05).结论:眼镜蛇毒NGF能抑制肝星状细胞HSC-T6增殖并诱导其凋亡.     

小分子干扰RNA干扰蛋白激酶Cα相互作用蛋白1基因对结肠腺癌HT-29细胞增殖凋亡及侵袭的影响

目的研究小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)干扰蛋白激酶Cα相互作用蛋白(PICK)1基因对人结肠腺癌HT-29细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭的影响。方法设计合成针对PICK1基因的siRNA序列,分为实验组(PICK1-siRNA)、阴性对照组(Negative-siRNA)及对照组。阳离子脂质体(Lipofectamine~(TM) 2000)介导转染至HT-29细胞,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测HT-29细胞增殖活性的改变;蛋白印迹法检测转染前后PICK1蛋白的表达;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡的变化;细胞侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭能力的变化。结果转染24 h后,PICK1-siRNA组PICK1蛋白的相对表达量低于Negative-siRNA组和对照组(P<0.05)。MTT结果显示,PICK1-siRNA组HT-29细胞的增殖活性受到明显的抑制作用,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与Negative-siRNA组和对照组相比,PICK1-siRNA组HT-29细胞凋亡比例显著增高,侵袭能力显著下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论干扰PICK1基因表达可有效抑制HT-29细胞增殖,诱导凋亡,降低侵袭相关蛋白的表达,可作为结肠癌治疗的潜在靶点。     

孤啡肽逆转人白血病K562/ADM细胞耐药性的研究

目的 探讨孤啡肽对人白血病K562/ADM细胞对阿霉素耐药性的逆转作用.方法 测定孤啡肽的细胞毒性及其对K562/ADM细胞药物敏感性的影响,计算耐药逆转倍数.瑞士染色观察药物作用后K562/ADM细胞形态的改变;流式细胞仪检测阿霉素单用或与孤啡肽联用K562/ADM细胞凋亡百分率;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察孤啡肽与阿霉素联用后K562/ADM细胞内DNA的损伤程度.结果 非细胞毒性剂量的孤啡肽(10-7mol/L)作用于K562/ADM细胞时,对阿霉素耐药起到了部分逆转作用,使K562/ADM细胞的IC50由原来的(46.99±0.25)μg/ml降低至(23.11±0.29)μg/ml,其逆转倍数为2.03倍;孤啡肽(10-7mol/L)和阿霉素(20μg/ml)联合处理K562/ADM细胞48h,K562/ADM细胞呈典型的凋亡形态改变;细胞的凋亡率达到(18.73±3.90)%,明显高于两种药物在相同条件下单独作用的效果,P＜0.01;结论 孤啡肽能诱导K562/ADM细胞凋亡,从而能逆转K562/ADM细胞的耐药性,提高阿霉素的敏感性.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.