重型肝炎患者淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义

为了解重型肝炎(SH)患者T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及对疾病的预后的影响。对我院收治的46例重型肝炎病例(死亡组29例,存活组17例)与40例慢乙肝(CHB)的抗凝血,通过流式细胞仪检测其T淋巴细胞亚群,并与临床预后进行比较。结果:SH T淋巴细胞亚群计数CD3 、CD4 CD8-、CD4-CD8 细胞明显低于CHB组(P<0.05),可检测到大量幼稚的CD4 CD8 双阳细胞且其计数明显高于慢乙肝组(P<0.001),SH死亡组CD3 细胞明显低于存活组(P=0.04),CD4 CD8 双阳细胞明显高于存活组(P=0.005)。存活组随着病程恢复,CD3 、CD4 CD8-、CD4-CD8 细胞缓慢上升,死亡组持续低水平;存活组病程恢复时CD4 CD8 细胞逐渐下降,但死亡组反而上升。结论:T淋巴细胞亚群的变化特别是CD4 CD8 细胞的上升对预后判断有重要参考价值。     

老年脑卒中相关性肺炎患者血清降钙素原和外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的探讨老年脑卒中相关性肺炎患者血清降钙素原(PCT)和外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义。方法 70岁以上老年脑卒中患者150例根据住院期间是否发生肺炎分为肺炎组78例和单纯老年脑卒中者(对照组)72例,根据老年脑卒中相关性肺炎患者28 d内存活情况分为存活组61例和死亡组17例。测定患者血清PCT、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+)含量。结果肺炎组血清PCT和hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。肺炎组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),肺炎组CD8+明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。死亡组患者血清PCT和hs-CRP水平明显高于存活组(P<0.05)。死亡组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均明显低于存活组(P<0.05),死亡组CD8+明显高于存活组(P<0.05)。结论血清PCT和外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平在老年脑卒中相关性肺炎的诊断和预后评估中具有重要意义。     

北京市重症急性呼吸综合征患者的临床免疫学特点

目的探索北京市所有重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者的临床免疫学特点及其规律.方法对2003年3～7月期间在北京非典型肺炎定点医院住院的所有SARS患者病历进行完整录入、数据处理、回顾性统计分析.结果 2003年3～7月期间资料完整的确诊SARS患者1291例,其白细胞总数、淋巴细胞、CD3、CD4、CD8淋巴细胞亚群绝对值均在发病早期同时下降,总阳性率分别为56.91%、88.26%、47.96%、45.56%及41.10%;其CD3、CD4、CD8在前3天中位数分别为425×106/L、223×106/L、170×106/L,达病程的最低值;第2周分别为536×106/L、267×106/L、224×106/L,至第4周恢复正常(P<0.05);其数值出现随病程发展逐渐升高的正相关趋势.将连续4周检测的同一组患者,分别与相邻时间段的同一组患者和所有非同组患者的各免疫学指标进行比较分析,3组中CD3、CD4、CD8表达仍然是第1～3天最低,除连续检测组第3周CD3的中位数(954×106/L)偏高外,其他3组间差异无显著性(P<0.05),各数据与病程呈平行升高趋势.C反应蛋白早期升高,血沉,补体C3、C4均在正常范围内.结论 SARS患者的发病早期白细胞、淋巴细胞、淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8均同时明显减少,淋巴细胞、淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8随病程发展呈上升恢复趋势.特别是第1周内,CD3、CD4、CD8同时减低,是SARS的免疫学特征之一,有助于早期诊断.     

T淋巴细胞亚群与慢性乙型重型肝炎患者继发细菌感染及预后的关系

T淋巴细胞亚群分析作为判断患者细胞免疫状态的重要指标,临床上得到广泛的应用和重视.肝硬化患者中,继发细菌感染者CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞计数明显低于未发生感染者[1].重型肝炎患者中此两者之间的关系尚未有明确的研究结论.虽然对淋巴细胞亚群与重型肝炎预后之间的关系已有较多的研究[2,3],且一般认为死亡组CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞均下降,但这些研究中均未对淋巴细胞亚群与预后的关系进行分层分析,对指导临床工作实用性不高.我们研究了CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞与继发细菌感染及预后之间的关系,为临床上协助判断预后、早期防治感染并发症提供依据.     

脓毒症患者早期淋巴细胞亚群和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值的变化及其对预后的预测

目的 探讨脓毒症患者早期淋巴细胞亚群[T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞)、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)]计数和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)的变化及其对预后的预测价值。方法 选取山西医科大学第一医院重症医学科2019年12月至2020年12月收治的62例脓毒症患者,根据随访28d生存情况分为存活组和死亡组,监测并记录2组患者第1天和第3天的淋巴细胞亚群计数、NLR、急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)以及序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA),比较各指标与预后的关系,并评估预测价值。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验、秩和检验或χ²检验。结果 第1天和第3天死亡组患者APACHEⅡ和SOFA均高于存活组(均P＜0.05);第3天死亡组患者淋巴细胞计数、T淋巴细胞计数、CD4⁺T细胞计数、CD8⁺T细胞计数及NK细胞计数明显低于存活组患者(均P＜0.05),且与SOFA评分呈负相关(r=-0.19、-0.16、-0.17、-0.18、-0.26,P＜0.05);NLR明显高于存活组患者(P＜0.05),且与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.45, P＜0.05);APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA、NLR、淋巴细胞计数、T淋巴细胞计数、CD4⁺T细胞计数、CD8⁺T细胞计数、NK细胞计数对脓毒症患者28 d预后的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.84、0.73、0.76、0.84、0.83、0.81、0.82、0.78。结论 脓毒症患者早期会发生免疫抑制,T淋巴细胞亚群计数、NK细胞计数及NLR的变化对脓毒症患者预后均具有良好的临床预测价值。     

重症肺结核患者T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子的表达及其预后意义

目的 探讨重症肺结核患者T淋巴细胞亚群、T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子(TIM-1,TIM-3)的表达及其预后意义。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年6月在我院收治的1 056例重症肺结核患者为研究对象,并将其定义为重症肺结核组,另选同期在我院进行治疗的1 000名轻症肺结核患者作为轻症肺结核组。比较两组患者TIM-1、TIM-3以及外周血T细胞亚群(CD4⁺、CD8⁺)水平;检测并比较外周血单个核细胞中TIM-1、TIM-3的mRNA水平;分析重症肺结核患者外周血T细胞亚群、TIM-1、TIM-3与患者预后的关系。结果 重症肺结核组CD8⁺、TIM-1和TIM-3水平均高于轻症肺结核组,CD4⁺水平低于轻症肺结核组(均P<0.001)。重症肺结核组TIM-1 mRNA和TIM-3 mRNA水平均高于轻症肺结核组(均P<0.001)。死亡组CD8⁺、TIM-1和TIM-3水平均高于存活组,CD4⁺水平低于存活组(均P<0.001)。相关性分析发现:存活组患者TIM-1、TIM-3与CD4⁺均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.114和-0.211,P<0.05),而与CD8⁺均呈正相关(r值分别为0.571和0.680,P<0.05)。结论 重症肺结核患者免疫功能紊乱可能与其体内外周血T细胞亚群水平异常以及TIM-1、TIM-3 表达水平升高有关。     

重症病毒性脑炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群变化及其临床意义分析

目的观察重症病毒性脑炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群变化,探讨其临床意义。方法选取2009年6月—2012年6月山东大学齐鲁儿童医院收治的病毒性脑炎患儿60例,其中轻、重型患儿各30例,分别作为轻型组、重型组。同时选取健康儿童30例作为对照组。轻型组患儿给予常规治疗,重型组患儿在常规治疗基础上给予大剂量甲泼尼龙联合丙种球蛋白治疗。比较3组受试者T淋巴细胞亚群及重型组不同预后患儿治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群。结果轻型组患儿CD+3、CD+4、CD+8细胞分数及CD+4/CD+8细胞比值与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);重型组患儿CD+3、CD+4细胞分数均低于对照组、轻型组,CD+8细胞分数、CD+4/CD+8细胞比值均高于对照组、轻型组(P0.05)。重型组预后良好患儿治疗后CD+3、CD+4细胞分数及CD+4/CD+8细胞比值均高于治疗前,CD+8细胞分数低于治疗前(P0.05);重型组预后不良患儿治疗后CD+3、CD+4细胞分数及CD+4/CD+8细胞比值高于治疗前(P0.05),而治疗前后CD+8细胞分数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重症病毒性脑炎患儿常伴有T淋巴细胞亚群改变,检测重症病毒性脑炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群有助于判断病情严重程度及预后效果。     

初诊老年急性髓系白血病淋巴细胞亚群分布特点及其与预后的相关性

目的:探讨外周血淋巴细胞亚群与初诊急性髓系白血病(AML,非M3)患者预后的关系。方法:纳入66例初诊AML患者,采用DCAG方案诱导治疗。回顾性分析患者淋巴细胞亚群及临床资料,并分析其与预后的关系。结果:在AML 4种亚型中,淋巴细胞亚群的比例未发现有显著差异。NK细胞比例在达完全缓解(CR)患者中显著高于未达CR的患者(19.05%∶13.63%,P0.05)。白细胞计数、CD3+T细胞绝对计数、CD4+T细胞绝对计数、年龄、初次诱导达CR及FLT3-ITD突变是影响预后的危险因素(P0.05);多因素分析显示,白细胞计数、CD4+/CD8+比值及初次诱导是否达CR是影响预后的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:淋巴细胞亚群分析对AML患者预后评估有较重要意义。     

93例传染性非典型肺炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化及临床意义

目的　了解传染性非典型肺炎 (世界卫生组织又称严重急性呼吸综合征 ,SARS)患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。方法　采用流式细胞仪对 93例临床确诊的SARS患者、5 0例获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (AIDS)患者及 6 4例健康体检者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群进行检测。 93例患者中 ,男4 0例、女 5 3例 ;年龄 17～ 88岁 ,平均 4 4岁 ;重型 35例、普通型 5 8例。结果　健康体检者外周血CD+ 3 、CD+ 4 、CD+ 8分别为 (15 2 7± 4 70 )、(787± 2 5 7)、(6 33± 2 80 )个 / μl;93例急性期SARS患者分别为(72 2± 5 33)、(438± 35 3)、(30 7± 2 17)个 / μl,均有不同程度的下降 (P值均 <0 .0 1) ,重症病例下降尤其明显 ,5例死亡患者外周血CD+ 4 均低于 2 0 0个 / μl;SARS患者恢复期CD+ 3 、CD+ 4 、CD+ 8多数恢复正常。而AIDS患者以CD+ 4 降低为主 ,为 (2 96± 2 98)个 / μl;且CD+ 8升高 ,为 (818± 5 6 6 )个 / μl。 结论SARS患者有明显的细胞免疫损伤。     

肾综合征出血热患者淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化

目的 研究肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者病程不同阶段以及不同病情T、B、NK淋巴细胞亚群的变化,进一步揭示本病的发病机制.方法 入选22例确诊HFRS患者,其中轻型9例,中型13例,使用流式细胞技术检测发病1、4、12周时淋巴细胞亚群.56例健康献血员作为正常对照组.将疾病不同阶段与对照组及轻、中型患者之间进行比较分析.结果 在本研究观察的12周中,患者B细胞计数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;而NK细胞计数起病1周时有显著下降(P<0.01),在4周时迅速恢复.本研究中HFRS患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,但在发病1、4周时记忆表型的CD+4CD45RA-T淋巴细胞比例增高(P<0.01),分别达到(64.1±17.5)%、(59.9±10.1)%,在12周时恢复正常.CD+4CD+28T淋巴细胞功能亚群无显著变化.CD+8T淋巴细胞计数在发病1、4周时有明显增高,12周恢复正常.CD+8CD-28T淋巴细胞计数有显著增高(P<0.05),且在轻型患者中这种变化更迅速、显著.与正常对照组相比,CD+38或HLA-DR+的CD+8T淋巴细胞激活亚群在发病1、4周时也有明显增高(P<0.01).结论 细胞免疫与HFRS有密切的关系,早期细胞毒效应T细胞及时有效的应答能清除病毒,减轻病情.     

Effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets.

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused large outbreaks of atypical pneumonia in 2003, with the largest localized outbreak occurring in Beijing, China. Lymphopenia was prominent amongst the laboratory abnormalities reported in acute SARS. METHODS: The effect of SARS on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets was examined in 271 SARS coronavirus-infected individuals. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD16+/56+ cell counts over the five weeks of the SARS illness although CD4+/CD8+ ratios did not change significantly. The lymphopenia was prolonged, reaching a nadir during days 7-9 in the second week of illness before returning towards normal after five weeks, with the lowest mean CD4+ cell count of 317 cellsx10(6)/L at day 7, and CD8+ cell count of 239 cellsx10(6)/L at day 8. Patients with more severe clinical illness, or patients who died, had significantly more profound CD4+ and CD8+ lymphopenia. DISCUSSION: Lymphopenia is a prominent part of SARS-CoV infection and lymphocyte counts may be useful in predicting the severity and clinical outcomes. Possible reasons for the SARS-associated lymphopenia may be direct infection of lymphocytes by SARS-CoV, lymphocyte sequestration in the lung or cytokine-mediated lymphocyte trafficking. There may also be immune-mediated lymphocyte destruction, bone marrow or thymus suppression, or apoptosis.     

严重急性呼吸综合征的细胞免疫功能研究

目的　探讨严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者细胞免疫功能的动态变化及探讨免疫功能与病情进展的关系。方法　选择急性SARS患者 10 7例 ,按照疾病预后分成死亡组和治愈组 ,回顾性分析免疫功能的动态变化及免疫功能在两组间的差异。结果　SARS患者免疫功能在极期下降到最低点 ,呈现一过性免疫缺陷 ,此后迅速恢复。死亡组与治愈组比较 :疾病初期和进展期的细胞免疫功能差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ,两组的CD3 +、CD4+、CD8+在病初和进展期分别为 63 9.14± 2 87.0 8/62 8.63± 3 16.85,2 95.57± 191.0 1/ 3 3 3 .3 3± 188.64,3 0 0 .71± 10 6.76/ 2 51.85± 12 5.92 ,63 5.0 0±449.50 / 790 .0 3± 558.3 0 ,3 72 .0 0± 3 0 3 .3 7/ 4 17.0 9± 3 12 .0 4,2 52 .71± 14 7.44/ 3 3 8.43± 3 0 0 .3 6;极期和恢复期的细胞免疫功能差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,死亡组和治愈组在极期与恢复期的CD3 +、CD4+、CD8+分别为 3 0 4.0 0± 84.2 6/ 70 1.97± 489.43 ,171.11± 78.84/ 3 99.41± 3 3 2 .40 ,13 3 .2 2±2 4.3 1/ 2 87.71± 199.88,3 4 9.50± 183 .84/ 112 0 .2 9± 565.42 ,2 0 2 .0 0± 10 1.89/ 645.12± 3 76.3 3 ,13 9.79± 87.0 7/ 4 53 .0 9± 2 51.0 6。结论　SARS确实影响机体免疫功能 ,大     

Serum LD1 isoenzyme and blood lymphocyte subsets as prognostic indicators for severe acute respiratory syndrome

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is at present poorly understood, but advanced age and serum total lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity >300 U L(-1) have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Blood leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets were reported to decrease, respectively, in 47% and up to 100% of 38 patients in Beijing. However, their prognostic implications have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum total LD, LD isoenzymes, and other parameters including blood lymphocyte subsets as prognostic indicators in SARS patients for adverse clinical outcomes in terms of admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and death. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 109 patients with a clinical diagnosis of SARS according to the modified World Health Organization case definition of SARS were recruited from two major acute hospitals in Hong Kong. They were either involved in the initial outbreak of SARS, or cases from the community outbreak of Amoy Gardens between 10 March and 5 May 2003. The clinical diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by serological test and/or molecular analysis. Serum total LD and LD isoenzyme activities, complete blood picture with total leucocyte count and differential counts, absolute counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, natural killer cells and B lymphocytes were measured daily upon admission. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine and compare different cut-offs for various biochemical and immunological parameters at peak serum total LD concentration in predicting adverse clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of a total of 109 patients, 41 were admitted to ICU and 42 died. Of 42 fatal patients, 24 died in ICU and 18 died in general medical wards. Age was found to be an independent prognostic indicator for death with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90-0.99] but not for admission to ICU [AUC = 0.61 (CI = 0.51-0.70)]. Whilst serum total LD could only achieve AUC of 0.68 (CI = 0.59-0.77) for predicting death, LD1 isoenzyme was found to be the best biochemical prognostic indicator with AUC of 0.84 (CI = 0.75-0.90), sensitivity of 62% (CI = 46-76%), specificity of 93% (CI = 83-98%) at cut-off activity of > or =80 U L(-1). CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer cell counts were promising immunological prognostic indicators for predicting admission to ICU with AUC of 0.94 (CI = 0.86-0.98), 0.91 (CI = 0.81-0.96), 0.93 (CI = 0.85-0.98), and 0.87 (CI = 0.76-0.94), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from age, serum LD1 activity was the best prognostic indicator for predicting death in patients with SARS compared with serum total LD activity, haemoglobin concentration, leucocyte and lymphocyte counts. Its release could possibly be from blood erythrocytes and body tissues other than the myocardium. Blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer cell counts were found to be good prognostic indicators for predicting admission to ICU in patients with SARS compared with age, leucocyte count and LD isoenzymes. The suppressed CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer cell counts were also implicated in the pathophysiology of SARS. Patients with increased serum LD1 should be closely monitored to ensure prompt management, and preparation for admission to ICU could be planned ahead for patients with suppressed lymphocyte subsets.     

阿苯达唑治疗前后泡状棘球蚴病患者淋巴细胞亚群变化及临床意义

目的　探讨泡球蚴病患者经阿苯达唑治疗后 ,机体免疫应答的状态和对病程转归的影响。　方法　 7例未治疗泡球蚴病患者 ,6例经阿苯达唑治疗 12个月泡球蚴病患者 ,6例经阿苯达唑治疗 2 4个月泡球蚴病患者和 18例非流行区健康人群 ,用 FCM分析了 CD3+ 、CD4 + 、CD8+ 、CD1 9+ 、CD38+ 、CD1 6 + 56 + 和 HL A- DR+ 细胞的数量。　结果　治疗 12个月后 ,患者 CD8+细胞数继续上升 (P<0 .0 1) ,CD4 + / CD8+比值进一步倒置 ;治疗 2 4个月后 ,CD4 +细胞数开始升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,CD8+ 细胞数下降 ,CD4 + / CD8+ 比值升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;CD1 9+ 细胞在治疗 2 4个月后显著性升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;CD38+ 和 HL A-DR+ 细胞在治疗 2 4个月后呈显著性下降 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　泡球蚴病患者治疗后 ,CD8+ 细胞引起的免疫抑制状态有所减轻 ,机体的保护性免疫应答有所恢复。     

Early activation of peripheral lymphocytes in human acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: The CD69 antigen is an indicator of early lymphocyte activation. GOALS: To evaluate the early activation of peripheral lymphocytes T, B, and NK in patients with acute pancreatitis in comparison with patients with acute abdomen of nonpancreatic origin. STUDY: Thirty patients with acute pancreatitis were studied; 20 of them had the mild form of the disease and 10 had the severe form. Thirty patients with nonpancreatic acute abdomen were used as controls. All patients were enrolled within 48 hours of the onset of pain. In all patients, leukocytes and total lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset counts (CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, CD19+, CD4+CD69+, CD8+CD69+, CD56+CD69+, CD19+CD69+) were determined upon hospital admission. RESULTS: The percentage of total lymphocytes was significantly lower in acute pancreatitis patients than in those with nonpancreatic acute abdomen (P = 0.014); patients with severe pancreatitis had a percentage of total lymphocytes significantly lower when compared with patients with mild pancreatitis (P < 0.001). The CD19+CD69+ count was significantly lower in patients with severe pancreatitis (24.6 +/- 14.6%) than in patients with mild pancreatitis (46.7 +/- 16.5%; = 0.006). The counts of the other lymphocyte subsets were not statistically different between patients with acute pancreatitis and those with nonpancreatic acute abdomen, as well as between patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe pancreatitis show impaired early activation of peripheral CD19+ cells.     

CD28-T细胞亚群在类风湿关节炎患者外周血和关节液中的表达

目的 探讨CD28-T细胞亚群在类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血和关节液中的变化和意义。方法 随机选择RA患者45例,取新鲜抗凝外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),其中15例同时提取关节液单个核细胞( SFMC),以流式细胞技术检测CD28-T细胞数量及其表面可诱导共刺激分子(ICOS)的表达。2 组间比较用独立样本t检验。结果 ①与PBMC相比,RA患者SFMC中CD4+CD28+ ICOS+、CD4+CD28-ICOS+、CD8+ CD28+、CD8+ CD28+ ICOS+T细胞明显升高[(36±19)％与(15±8)％,t=-4.234,P＜0.01;(2.1±2.2)％与(0.6±1.4)％,t=-3.143,P＜0.01;(62±15)％与(47±18)％,t=-2.885,P＜0.01;(9±9)％与(3±3)％,t=-2.131,P＜0.05];CD8+CD28-T细胞明显降低[(38±15)％与(54±18)％,t=2.975,P＜0.01];CD8+ CD28- ICOS+、C1D4+CD28+和CD4+CD28-T细胞无明显变化（P＞0.05）。②同一RA患者SFMC与PBMC相比,CD4+CD28+ICOS+、CD8+ CD28+T细胞明显升高[(38±18)％与(16±10)％,t=-4.065,P＜0.01;(61±16)％与(41±21)％,t=-2.883,P＜0.01];CD8+ CD28-T细胞明显降低[(39±16)％与(59±21)％,t=2.949,P＜0.01]。③缓解期与活动期RA患者相比,PBMC中CD4+CD28-、CD8+ CD28-、CD28-ICOS+T细胞无明显变化（P＞0.05）。结论 RA患者关节液中CD28-T细胞亚群失衡和ICOS分子表达异常,可能是导致RA关节损伤的重要机制。     

Hyperglycemia associated with lymphopenia and disease severity of COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic. COVID-19 is more severe in people with diabetes. The identification of risk factors for predicting disease severity in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is urgently needed.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-six patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in our study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: COVID-19 patients with or without T2DM. The patients were further divided into four subgroups according to the severity of COVID-19 as follows: Subgroup A included moderate COVID-19 patients without diabetes, subgroup B included severe COVID-19 patients without diabetes, subgroup C included moderate COVID-19 patients with diabetes, and subgroup D included severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes. The clinical features and radiological assessments were collected and analyzed. We tracked the dynamic changes in laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes during the hospitalization period. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to analyze the risk factors that predict the severity of COVID-19 with T2DM.ResultsFirstly, compared with the nondiabetic group, the COVID-19 with T2DM group had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and procalcitonin (PCT) but lower lymphocyte counts and T lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD16 + CD56 cells, and CD19+ cells. Secondly, compared with group A, group C had higher levels of Fasting blood glucose (FBG), IL-6, TNF-α, and neutrophils but lower lymphocyte, CD3+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell counts. Similarly, group D had higher FBG, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and lower lymphocyte, CD3+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell counts than group B. Thirdly, binary logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c, IL-6, and lymphocyte count were risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 with T2DM. Importantly, COVID-19 patients with T2DM were more likely to worsen from moderate to severe COVID-19 than nondiabetic patients. Of note, lymphopenia and inflammatory responses remained more severe throughout hospitalization for COVID-19 patients with T2DM.ConclusionOur data suggested that COVID-19 patients with T2DM are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 than those without T2DM and that hyperglycemia associated with the lymphopenia and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients with T2DM.     

Effect of irinotecan on the phenotype of peripheral blood leukocyte populations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Previous studies have demonstrated a significant decrease in absolute numbers of CD3+CD4+, CD8+CD28+ and CD19+ lymphocytes, and an increase in the expression of activation markers on T-cells and the number of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in patients with metastatic cancer. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is now being widely used for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. METHODOLOGY: We have examined, by two-color flow cytometry, peripheral blood leukocyte populations before and during systemic treatment with CPT-11 in 14 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. RESULTS: CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD8+CD28+ and CD19+ were significantly lower, and CD3+HLA-DR+ and CD14+CD16+ cells were higher in metastatic colorectal cancer patients compared to controls. After 2-4 months of CPT-11-based chemotherapy, significant increase in CD3+CD4+ cell numbers was observed in 8 patients who had initial CD3+CD4+ counts of less than 600 per microL (358 +/- 154 vs. 652 +/- 319 cells per microL, Wilcoxon test, P < 0.01), while in patients with higher initial CD3+CD4+ counts a trend for decrease was observed during therapy. A trend for an increase in CD8+CD28+ cell counts was observed in patients with low CD3+CD4+ numbers, but no other changes were observed during the treatment in other peripheral blood leukocyte populations examined. CONCLUSIONS: CD3+CD4+ lymphocytopenia, a decrease in CD8+CD28+ and CD19+ lymphocytes, increased expression of activation markers and CD14+CD16+ monocytosis are present in a significant proportion of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. CPT-11-based therapy seems to ameliorate CD3+CD4+ lymphocytopenia, possibly by neutralizing the immunosuppressive effects of uncontrolled tumor growth. These observations may be useful for the design of immunotherapy trials in metastatic colorectal cancer.