Thin polycrystalline zinc oxide films obtained by oxidation of metallic zinc films

Thin polycrystalline ZnO films were obtained by thermal oxidation of metallic Zn films, thermally deposited on various substrates, such as silica, sapphire and glass, in both air and pure oxygen atmospheres. The quality of the ZnO layers was asserted by Hall effect, cathodoluminescence and atomic force microscopy measurements. Electron concentration of 7.32×10¹² cm⁻³ and mobility of 14.2 cm²/V s with root mean square roughness of 30 nm were obtained for the 900 °C annealed ZnO films in oxygen. Room temperature cathodoluminescence spectra consisted of a narrow near band edge luminescence band and a broad defect-related green band with peak positions at 380 and 500 nm, respectively. ZnO film luminescence properties improved dramatically with the increase of annealing temperature and decrease of O₂ pressure.     

Thermal contact conductance characterization via computational contact homogenization: A finite deformation theory framework

In order to predict the macroscopic thermal response of contact interfaces between rough surface topographies, a computational contact homogenization technique is developed at the finite deformation regime. The overall homogenization framework transfers macroscopic contact variables, such as surfacial stretch, pressure and heat flux, as boundary conditions on a test sample within a micromechanical interface testing procedure. An analysis of the thermal dissipation within the test sample reveals a thermodynamically consistent identification for the macroscopic thermal contact conductance parameter that enables the solution of a homogenized thermomechanical contact boundary value problem based on standard computational approaches. The homogenized contact response effectively predicts a temperature jump across the macroscale contact interface. The strong dependence of this homogenized response on macroscale solution variables of interest is demonstrated via representative three‐dimensional numerical investigations. The proposed contact homogenization framework is suitable for the analysis of similar energy transport phenomena across heterogeneous contact interfaces where the investigation of the sources for energy dissipation is of concern. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative analysis of thin Ni and CoNiMnP magnetic films

The results of an investigation of thin Ni and CoNiMnP films deposited by electroplating over polyurethane-acrylate flexible substrates are presented. To improve magnetic properties of the films, an electroplating process was carried out with assistance of a strong magnetic field (3900 G). The evaluated film properties were coercivity, remanence, maximum energy product, adherence and film composition. Comparison between the magnetic properties of the samples has shown that Ni and CoNiMnP films are suitable for distinct areas of applications in micro-devices: vibrating diaphragms and micro-magnet machines, respectively.     

微波集成电路(MIC)中Au/NiCr/Ta多层金属膜粗糙化机理的AFM研究

Au/NiCr/Ta多层金属膜通过磁控溅射沉积在Si(111)基片上。XRD分析其晶体取向 ,SEM观察薄膜断面形貌 ,AFM研究薄膜表面粗糙度。结果表明薄膜表面粗糙度与沉积温度有关 ,随着沉积温度 10 0℃→ 2 5 0℃的改变 ,薄膜表面发生从粗糙→光滑→粗糙的变化过程。根据不同的沉积温度探讨了薄膜表面粗糙化机理     

An inverse problem of simultaneously estimating contact conductance and heat transfer coefficient of exhaust gases between engine's exhaust valve and seat

The conjugate gradient method using two search step sizes is used to solve the inverse problem of simultaneously estimating the periodic thermal contact conductance, h_c(t), and the heat transfer coefficient of the exhaust gases, h_g(t), between the exhaust valve and seat in an internal combustion engine. The importance of the determination of h_c(t) and h_g(t) lie in that they are the critical factors for designing the cooling system and the insulation of the exhaust valve. The inverse analysis is based on the temperature measurements taken from the sensors placed in both the valve and seat regions during the transient process of operation. In this study two unknown timewise-varying functions h_c(t) and h_g(t) are to be estimated at the same time, thus two search step sizes with each one corresponding to each unknown function are derived. The results show that the CPU time for the inverse solutions using two search step sizes are greatly reduced than using just one search step size¹ for the determination of two unknowns, besides, it also shows that the inverse solutions are reliable even when the measurement errors are considered. The advantage of the conjugate gradient method is that no a priori information is needed on the variation of the unknown quantities, since the solution automatically determines the functional form over the domain specified. The successful development of the present technique can be applied to any kind of two-dimensional periodic contact problems, such as the determination of a two-dimensional contact conductance problem² and the temperature or heat flux behaviour on the inside wall of internal combustion engines³.     

Thermal Transport-Property and Contact-Conductance Measurements of Coatings and Thin Films

There is an intense and growing demand for knowledge of the thermal transport properties and contact conductances of coatings, thin films, and interfaces. The laser flash technique is uniquely suited for many of the measurements. The usefulness and limitations of this technique for coatings, greases, and joining techniques are described in some detail. Several alternate techniques, namely, step heating, multiproperty, and photoacoustic techniques, are briefly examined.     

A Study on Thermal Contact Resistance at the Interface of Two Solids

In this paper, numerical simulations and measurements of the thermal contact conductance (TCC) at the interface between the plane ends of two cylinders in contact are carried out. The random model of surface roughness is developed, and the non-dimensional basic equations are solved based on a grid system with equi-peripheral intervals in the azimuthal direction that can express reasonably the real contact spot distribution. The effects of the contact pressure, the thermal conductivity of the interstitial medium, and the mean absolute slope of the rough surface on the TCC were clarified by using a network method. In the experiments, four pairs of brass cylinders, each of which has similar surface topology, are used for the TCC measurements. The hysteretic nature of TCC versus contact pressure was observed in the first loading cycle. The present numerical results show that the TCC increases linearly with the mean absolute slope of the surfaces even at the same mean roughness. Such a tendency agrees well with the measurements.     

用轮廓离散法研究粗糙表面间的接触导热

通过ＳＴＡＲ－１型表面轮廓仪对粗糙表面实际形貌的测定,分析得到了实际表面微凸体的高度分布和曲率分布,发现微凸体的高度分布并非高斯,而曲率分布则呈随机状态,运用轮廓离散的广泛和显微硬度的概念,得到了各高度下微凸体的数量和实际形变,建立了粗糙表面接触热导的离散化模型,该模型消降了常规模型中有关微凸体高度分布和形变类型的人为假设。模型与实验数据吻合程度良好,其预测精度比Ｇ－Ｗ模型和Ｙ模型高。     

氮化铝与无氧铜低温界面热阻的实验研究

用低温真空实验装置稳态导热法,实验研究了界面温度和接触压力对氮化铝(AIN)与无氧铜(OFHC-Cu)问接触界面热阻的影响.在实验温度(90～210 K)和压力(0.273～0.985 MPa)范围内,A1N/OFHC-Cu界面热阻随接触压力的提高而降低,而当界面温度上升时界面热阻由于热载子热运动的强化而降低,温度较高时,界面热阻随压力变化的速率较大.